Schanze and Oppidum on Swabia (Jestetten-Altenburg)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Schanz was the Celtic wall of the Altenburg oppidum
The Celtic wall of the Rheinau oppidum, later also a medieval city moat and fortified again in the Second World War
Map of the Altenburg-Rheinau oppidum

The facility, known as Schanze and Oppidum on Swabia (Jestetten-Altenburg) or as a late Celtic settlement near Altenburg-Rheinau , was an oppidum on today's German- Swiss border near Altenburg ( Jestetten municipality ) and Rheinau ZH . In Swabia is the old field name of the peninsula.

history

Settlement remains show a Bronze Age settlement. The Latène period Celtic settlement was below the Rhine Falls near Schaffhausen . It comprised two peninsulas on both sides of the Rhine, which were connected by section ramparts and a post slit wall to form an area of ​​over three square kilometers. It is believed that the settlement was founded in the middle of the 2nd century BC. BC and should have originated around 15. BC. Was largely abandoned at the time of the establishment of the Dangstetten Roman camp .

Excavations

The excavations were carried out under the scientific direction of Franz Fischer in the years 1972 to 1975 and 1977. Numerous imports from the Mediterranean area, but also finds from the Germanic areas in the north prove the importance of the north-south route, which crossed the Rhine at the oppidum sat.

Minted tuft coins , actual rainbow bowls from the La Tène period and the Altenburg column , a bronze pendant of a boar and a bronze bull's head, which are considered the most beautiful small works of art of the Celts in southern Baden, were found here. They are exhibited in the Archaeological Museum Colombischlössle . In addition to extensive ceramic finds, bronze, iron and glass processing have been proven. References to workshops and only a few weapons suggest that it was primarily a business and trading establishment.

literature

  • Franz Fischer: The oppidum of Altenburg-Rheinau . Germania 44/1966, 286-312.
  • Patrick Rau: The Celtic »city« (oppidum) near Altenburg and Rheinau , in: Das Jestetter Dorfbuch, 2001 ISBN 3-89870-039-9 .
  • Gerd Biegel : Experienced history Forays through the prehistory around the Upper and Upper Rhine , 1985, ISBN 3-7930-0491-0 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Gerd Biegel: Erlebte Geschichte, forays through prehistory and prehistory around the Upper and Upper Rhine , 1985, p. 79 ff.

Coordinates: 47 ° 38 ′ 52 "  N , 8 ° 36 ′ 59"  E ; CH1903:  six hundred and eighty-eight thousand four hundred ninety-two  /  two hundred and seventy-eight thousand one hundred twenty-two