Tombrugg Castle

Tombrugg Castle
Creation time :	900 to 1000
Castle type :	Hilltop castle
Conservation status:	Burgstall, traces of a tower
Standing position :	Clericals, nobles
Place:	Höchenschwand
Geographical location	47 ° 44 '37.8 "  N , 8 ° 11' 25"  E Coordinates: 47 ° 44 '37.8 "  N , 8 ° 11' 25"  E

The castle Tombrugg is an Outbound hilltop castle on the edge of a plateau of Mount Höchenschwand on Schwarzatal . It is located in the "Auf der Burg" district, 2,600 meters east of the church in the Höchenschwand community in the Waldshut district in Baden-Württemberg .

Name and location

It is named after a nearby bridge over the Tonnbach , today's Taubach. In front of the castle there is a flat area, here were some farms, so-called Meierhöfe . The possessions of the lords of the castle extended from the Tonnbachbrücke over the Dreherhäusleweiher to the Schwarza .

Not far from the castle site is a sea ​​of ​​moraine blocks and the »ice hole«. According to the castle researcher Heinz Voellner, the winning name "Heidenschloß" nearby has no reference to Tombrugg Castle. Tombrugg Castle was located on a high plateau that is only accessible from the east. The plateau is moderately sloping to the north. The plateau is delimited by a steep gorge on the east and south sides. The whole hill and the plateau used to be free from forests and served as fields and pastures, as can be seen today in stone walls and boundaries. The only paved access to the Mittlere Schwarzatal led over the high plateau. The castle consisted of a 12-meter-wide square residential tower that stood on the western side of the entrance, as well as some smaller buildings in which only the underpinning and the lower part consisted of stone. The tower and the remaining buildings of the castle were enclosed by a curtain wall.

history

Coat of arms of the Lords of Tettingen

The castle was built in the 10th century by the St. Gallen Monastery as one of several tower castles to secure the property it acquired there in the 9th century. It was one of the oldest castles in the Albgau . Tombrugg Castle and Gutenburg an der Schlücht were supposed to protect the Schwarzatal with its silver and lead mines and to ensure the management and removal of the valuable metals. There were three court linden trees near the castle ( ze Tonbruck by den Linden , 1425). The castle was the place of jurisdiction for the bailiwick and the Höchenschwand union. After the castle was destroyed, the church square in Höchenschwand became the court square, where a court linden tree also stands to this day.

The owners of the castle were the Lords of Tombrugg. The knight Hermann von Tombrugg ( Herimannus de Tombruggo miles ) is mentioned in 1168 . In 1424 the Lords of Tombrugg died out and the castle and its lands were owned by some regional noble families until it fell into disrepair. In various sources, the Tombrugger are mentioned as one of the very old Albgau knight families.

In 1424 the castle was handed over to the Junker Hans Ulrich von Tettingen. In 1425 he sold the bailiwicks of Tonbach and Strittberg as well as the fish rights in the Schwarza to the monastery of St. Blasien for 5 shillings and 100 body of cheese. Junker Hans came from Döttingen near Klingnau , which was named after his family. In the course of his life he owned several castles and palaces throughout the Upper Rhine region. He sold many or donated the property to monasteries and hospitals in the region. He left behind a daughter Anna who was beneficiary in the Schaffhausen Hospital. The line of the Tettinger on the Upper Rhine probably ended with her.

Coat of arms of the Lords of Rümlang

After the Tettingern, the Lords of Rümlang take over the castle, but only briefly. The gentlemen from Rümlang came from Switzerland. Her ancestral castle was the later water house in Ror an der Glatt . They were staunch supporters of the House of Habsburg. Already in 1467 the people of Rümlang gave the monastery of St. Blasien the bailiff over the castle. The people of Rümlang lived an expensive lifestyle and were therefore often in need of money. Together with the Gutenburg, the Tombrugg then goes through Landvogt Heinrich von Rümlang, and his wife, Mrs. Veronika Froneck, born von Landenberg zu Greifensee, to Abbot Christoph and the Convent of St. Blasien through Johann Weber, Landrichter zu Stühlingen on behalf of Count Johann von Lupfen, before the Gurtweil Regional Court on the Wednesday before the Palm Day 1480.

The last mention of the castle was in 1569. Historians assume that the castle was destroyed in the Thirty Years War . Traces of the castle tower can still be seen from the former castle complex. In the church records of the parish of Höchenschwand it is noted that stones from the Tombrugg castle stables were used to build the new parish church in 1659.

legend

There are also legends about the castle. One of these legends tells of the Junker Hans von Tombrugg. Through his bravery in the Waldshut War he had made a name for himself and was a just and popular person. He ensures order and administered the silver mines in the Schwarzatal for the St. Blasien monastery. Twice a year justice was pronounced in front of his castle with the court linden trees, where the Junker Hans was an assessor. The forest provost of the St. Blasien monastery presided over the court. He was known for his toughness and was not a friend of the people or of Junker Hans. So it happened one day that a poor cowherd from Labacher Berg, who was reliable and hardworking, would have liked to build up a living. He asked the forest provost some land for his hut so that he could farm. However, the forest provost and the cowherd quickly got into an argument because of an old family dispute and violent insults followed and a trial between the two should come about. During the trial the forest provost had the upper hand and the cowherd saw his skins swim away. In order to humiliate the cowherd, the arrogant forest provost gave the cowherd a piece of land that should be as big as the ox skin that the shepherd wears. The forest provost laughed at his evil idea, but Junker Hans insisted that the donation be notarized. As soon as the documents were signed, the junker asked for sharp scissors. He cut the ox skin into thin strips, knotted them and used it to mark the area around the cowherd's hut. The provost raged with anger, but written was written. So the cowherd got his land and became happy. Even today, a win on the Labacher Berg is called the Hagen (ox) mat.

literature

• Horst Wolfgang Böhme (Hrsg.): Castles of the Salierzeit part 1 and 2 . Publications for the exhibition "The Salians and their empire". Monograph of the Roman-Germanic Central Museum, research institute for prehistory and early history. Thorbecke, Sigmaringen 1991. ISBN 3-7995-4134-9
• Heinz Voellner, The palaces and castles between the Wutach Gorge and the Upper Rhine , 1975
• Karl Beck, Die Chronik vom Höchenschwander Berg, 1990
• Reinhard Keller, Heimet Gschichtle , 2006
• Dr. Heinrich Schreiber, paperback for history and antiquity in southern Germany, Volume 2, 1840
• Kasper Hauser, The Lords of Rümlang zu Alt-Wülflingen , 1907
• Verlag von Heller and Rohm Frankfurt am Main, Das Weltall, a geographical-statistical-natural-historical concise dictionary , 1828,
• Albert Abbreviation , The District District or the former Sanctuary Empire Bonndorf, 1861

Web links

• Tombrugg Castle at badische-seiten.de

Individual evidence

1. ↑ The art monuments of the Grand Duchy of Baden., 1892, p. 107
2. ^ G. Boll: Reichsherrschaft Bonndorf. Retrieved March 19, 2018 .