Gutenburg (Upper Rhine)

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Gutenburg
Castle hill of the Gutenburg an der Schlucht

Castle hill of the Gutenburg an der Schlucht

Alternative name (s): Gutenburch (obsolete)
Creation time : around 900 to 1000
Castle type : Hilltop castle
Conservation status: ruin
Place: Waldshut-Tiengen- Aichen
Geographical location 47 ° 39 '19 "  N , 8 ° 15' 1"  E Coordinates: 47 ° 39 '19 "  N , 8 ° 15' 1"  E
Gutenburg (Baden-Wuerttemberg)
Gutenburg
Godefroy Engelmann : Lithograph after a drawing by Maximilian von Ring . The Gutenburg at the beginning of the 19th century

The Gutenburg is a castle ruin and belongs to the district of the same name in the Aichen district of the city of Waldshut-Tiengen in Baden-Württemberg , Germany .

location

Gutenburg Castle

The castle ruins of the Höhenburg are located at the foot of the southern Black Forest at the lower end of the deep valley cut of the Schlucht . A natural hill with a hard, rocky core made from the old granites of the Black Forest basement survived the erosion of the ravine and served as a strategically favorable location for the castle. A little further downstream the valley opens up and forms the transition to the Klettgau.

history

In the 10th century, the first known building was a tower from the St. Gallen monastery (Switzerland). This served as a base and protective structure for the extensive properties that the monastery had between the years 900 and 1000 in the area between the Black Forest rivers Alb and Schlücht.

In 1128 the monastery of St. Gallen gave the tower together with its possessions and rights to a noble family not known by name. This aristocratic family built a castle around the tower in the following years, which they then, together with surrounding goods, considered their property. However, the tower was still considered a fief. In the same year a Rudolfus de Gutenburch appears in a document together with Heinrich von Krenkingen and the knights of Dogern and Berau as a witness for Meiers Tschudi of the Säckingen women's monastery . It remains open, however, whether a conclusion can be drawn from this about the noble family of Gutenburg, which was entrusted in 1128.

In 1187 the property went to the Lords of Gutenburg . These were a noble ministerial family from the Swiss Aargau (probably Oberaargau, canton Bern see Gutenburg BE ). The Gutenburg was probably only given its name from this point in time and was taken over from the name of the von Gutenburg family or their ancestral lordship, today's Swiss Gutenburg-Lotzwil .

It is possible that the minstrel Ulrich von Gutenburg, who lived in the 13th century, and Ulrich von Gutenburg , who appears several times in documents, are one and the same person.

In 1276 Conrad (also called Insenhart or Ynsenhart) and Berchthold von Gutenburg sold numerous goods to the St. Blasien monastery

At the beginning of the 14th century (probably 1302) the castle of the descendants of Rudolfus von Gutenburg , Ulrich and Eberhard von Gutenburg , went to Heinrich II. Von Krenkingen .

In 1357 Heinrich and Johann von Blumenegg swapped the village of Herbolzheim as a fiefdom of the diocese of Strasbourg through Bishop Johann von Lichtenberg from the Krenkinger's possession for Gutenburg Castle with Count Hug von Fürstenberg , son-in-law of Lütold von Krenkingen .

In 1361 the Gutenburg was pledged to the brothers Walther and Burkart von Hohenfels and not redeemed.

In 1393 the castle passed to the Zurich knight Heinrich Geßler .

In 1407 ownership changes to the knight Wilhelm Im Thurn zu Schaffhausen, who in the same year also acquired the liens on Hauenstein Castle .

In 1447 the castle of Rüdiger Im Thurn zu Schaffhausen goes to the knight Heinrich von Rumlang .

In 1480 Abbot Christoph von Greuth of the St. Blasien Monastery acquired the Gutenburg estate with the castle stables, castle and the associated villages of Weilheim, Ühlingen and Krenkingen from Knight Dietrich von Rümlang .

In May 1525, some insurgents under Hans Müller took possession of the castle for a time with the support of the city of Waldshut until they were finally defeated and had to vacate it again.

In 1526 after the defeat, the farmers had to pay compensation.

In 1612 St. Blasien also acquired the remaining sovereign rights over the Gutenburg by buying it from Maximilian von Pappenheim . During the Thirty Years War, the owners changed frequently, each time it became a base to plunder the area.

In 1638 Bernhard von Weimar occupied the castle, under the baron and field marshal lieutenant Georg Druckmüller von Mühlburg zu Prunn and Rottenstein with 4,000 men it was recaptured, they found rich supplies from the Swedes. Then it falls back into Swedish hands.

In 1640, Abbot Franz Chullot of St. Blasien had the castle set on fire and destroyed by his own people so that it could no longer be used as a robbery. It has been in ruins since then, and the official seat was moved to Gurtweil. The feudal rights over the tower ze Gutenburg in the vesty and the Hof zu Wilhain with court, twingen and banen remained formally with the monastery of St. Gallen until 1773.

Already around 1538 a Schloßmüli zu Guttenpurg belongs to the Gutenburg. In 1660, the St. Blasien monastery established an iron smelter with hammer forge and wire pulling by agreement with Count Ludwig von Sulz , as there is a large quantity of tried ore in the neighboring Klettgau , whereas in the forest in the Jurisdictionn monastery the necessary wood is more sufficiently available and commode sub-administrate. With the establishment of the Albbruck ironworks , the small Gutenburg plant was closed in 1698. The GUTEX wood fiber board plant has been located not far from the castle ruins since 1932 .

Prehistoric remains of bones and a bronze ax were found beneath a wall vault. → Carl Frowin Mayer

investment

Later, the Gutenburg rule consisted of two Meierhöfe, a grain mill on the Schlucht and areas west of the Schlucht and Schwarza with the associated villages of Schnörringen, Dietlingen, Weilheim and Nöggenschwiel. A sawmill and the villages of Indlekofen, Bürgeln and Gurtweil were added later.

coat of arms

The coat of arms of those of Gutenburg is described in the necrological book of the Einsiedeln monastery: “The seal of Abbot Nikolaus I von Gutenburg shows a seated abbot covered with inful , holding the staff in his left hand while he raises his right in a blessing, including the Family coat of arms, a St. Andrew's cross covered with five lanterns. The legend, as far as legible: «NICOLAVS. DEI. . . S. SCE. MARIE. HEREMITAR. »"

literature

  • Heinz Voellner : The castles and palaces between the Wutach Gorge and the Upper Rhine In: Heimat am Hochrhein . Hochrhein History Association (publisher), Waldshut-Tiengen, 1975.
  • Arthur Hauptmann : Built by St. Gallen, destroyed by St. Blasien . In: Castles - then and now , Volume 2. S. 147
  • Konrad Sutter: Waldshut narrator (column). In: Alb-Bote . No. 240, October 16, 1999 edition.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ ZGORh. Vol. 3, p. 358
  2. ^ Friedrich Heinrich von der Hagen: Minnesinger: German song poet of the twelfth, thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, from all known manuscripts and earlier prints , Leipzig, 1838 online
  3. ^ Fürstenbergisches Urkundenbuch, deed of May 17, 1282; Document dated March 16, 1287
  4. ↑ ZGORh. Vol. 3, pp. 355f
  5. ^ Fürstenberg record book, documents from January 12 and 31, 1357; No. 318 and 319 pp. 205 ff. And No. 328 and Siegmund Riezler : Hug's marriage to Adelheid von Krenkingen in: History of the Princely House of Fürstenberg , p. 260
  6. ^ Franz Joseph Mone (Ed.), B .: ( Joseph Bader ), The former Sanktblasische Amt Gutenburg. In: Journal for the History of the Upper Rhine , Volume 3 (1852), p. 369 [1]
  7. ^ Rudolf Metz, Geologische Landeskunde des Hotzenwald p. 903
  8. ^ Rudolf Metz, Geologische Landeskunde des Hotzenwalds, p. 889
  9. ↑ Albert Krieger, Topographical Dictionary of the Grand Duchy of Baden , p. 803