Küssaburg
| Küssaburg | ||
|---|---|---|
 Bechtersbohl and the Küssaburg |
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| Alternative name (s): | Küssenberg Castle | |
| Creation time : | Documented: 888 and 1141 | |
| Castle type : | Höhenburg, summit location | |
| Conservation status: | ruin | |
| Standing position : | Counts, bishops of Constance | |
| Place: | Küssaberg - Bechtersbohl | |
| Geographical location | 47 ° 36 '6.8 " N , 8 ° 21' 12.1" E | |
| Height: | 634 m above sea level NN | |
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The Küssaburg , also called Küssenberg Castle , is the ruin of a summit castle at 634 m above sea level. NN in Klettgau in the district of Waldshut in Baden-Württemberg .
The Küssaburg is owned by the Waldshut district. The Küssaburg-Bund is responsible for your supervision .
The castle complex is located on the territory of the municipality of Küssaberg within the district of Bechtersbohl , historically it was closely linked to the village of Küßnach .
The fortress, which was expanded after the Peasants 'War from 1529, was destroyed in the Thirty Years' War in 1634 .
The Höhenburg is a historical monument on the Upper Rhine and a landmark of the district. In the early years of the appreciation of archeology in the 19th century, a first law protected the preservation and uncovering of the castle ruins (1855), which are now a popular excursion destination in the region. The legislation stopped the demolition of building materials and steered treasure hunts into order. First excavations were still adventurous and already involved documentation.
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The attention to ancient history also brought technology and history together - in the name of the first locomotive for the Hochrheinbahn : the Küssaburg steam locomotive . With it, the connection between Basel and Constance was opened on June 15, 1863. A milestone for tourism on Lake Constance .
Historically, the security area of the square and fortress extended around Zurich - Tiengen - Stühlingen - Schaffhausen. The Roman military road from Italy and the central Alps to the north between the Black Forest and the Danube to Germania ran over the Bechtersbohl pass at the western foot of the castle.
Comprehensive see: The history of the Küssaburg
Location and environment
The Küssaburg is in the line of excursion destinations on the Upper Rhine between Bad Säckingen (Münster) and the Rhine Falls near Schaffhausen . The Küssenberg is located on the southern foothills of the Randen Mountains and directly dominates an old traffic route from the Swiss Alpine foothills into the Klettgau , the next station of which was bordered by the northern Randen mountain range and the Wutach behind it . The next power center was historically after three hundred years as the Roman place Iuliomagus (Schleitheim) , the castle Stühlingen with the subsequent Landgraviate.
At the western foot of the castle is Bechtersbohl (> here the entrance to the castle) with the pass road that was built in Roman times . The place Küßnach in the southeast can be reached via a footbridge.
The serpentine road to the hill was built in 1933/34 - it leads to the Küssaburg restaurant - the opening of which "according to old documents dates back to January 25, 1917." The farm ("Schloßhof") used to be one of the providers of the castle. Above, on the ascent to the ruin, stands “the former [post-war] youth hostel. (1933 "Defense training camp" for young people / Bohlhof pilots) built. ”Since the renovation in 1979, it has been used as a holiday home.
A hiking trail leads east to Kalten Wangen on the connecting road from Grießen to Hohentengen .
The Küssaburg lies in an approach lane to Zurich Airport .
See also: Brief tourist description
Current renovation project
After the castle became the responsibility of the district in 1978, a series of refurbishment and renovation measures took place. The last work in this context took place in 2017. With Erwin Schwing from the Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences, a new renovation concept was developed in 2018 on behalf of the district and Küssaburgbund , which is to be worked through according to priorities over the next six to seven years and is planned with around 140,000 euros . […] The next work on the castle will be carried out in mid-September. Work is planned on the front tower and the wall. First of all, the vegetation that has loosened the stones with its roots must be removed. The measure takes around two months. "
Naming
There are two scientifically justified derivations and some regional, poetic and speculative interpretations that relate to comparisons in word sound or in spelling.
Küssaburg and Küssnach have a common origin. The historical documents (1st half of the 15th century Kussach , 1500 Küssnacht etc.) indicate that the place Küßnach was called Kussinaha in Old High German times . The defining word is the personal name Kusso , in Küßnach -bach or -ach / -a is the second component (basic word). In -ach or -a is compositions with the old German word aha 'water'.
On the basis of knowledge gained through archeology, the original name is already interpreted as the estate of a Roman who had a stone building (villa) built in the south of the castle hill in the valley - possible from the 1st century AD - and can be passed down with the name Cossinus . -ach would be derived from the Celtic akum (court). See also: section on Roman times.
Wolf Pabst, Küssaberg, has summarized the multitude of poetic, sometimes speculative name explanations by history lovers, which mostly relate to comparisons in the sound of words or in spelling
Building material, territory and topography
The castle hill consists of the bright white rocks of the White Jura , from which the walls are made. The very hard Malm rocks are difficult to cut into shape and tend to shatter, which is why a large part of the stairs, loopholes , window frames, soffits , lintels and the coat of arms at the entrance made from the brown-colored sandstone of the Wutach formation, which was mined not far in the neighborhood, were used for this . They also set the typical local accent through the color difference.
The location of the Küssenberg with its summit plateau offered a topographically suitable position to control an important transition from the Alpine foothills over the Rhine and the mountain range of the southern Randen into the 'interior', into the Central European territories:
"The castle occupies the foremost, west-facing Weißjuraspitze of the Klettgauer Randen , from where you can dominate the saddle with the pass from Bechtersbohl."
prehistory
It is not just the location that makes it probable that the square was already inhabited in prehistoric times: when a water pipe was built in the immediate vicinity of the castle, a heavy edged ax from the early Bronze Age (7000 to 5000 BC) came to light.
Celts
Since the plateau of the Küssaburg could be well sealed off by the mountain slopes sloping steeply on three sides and the narrow 'tube' at the weak point on the eastern side, a Celtic fortification can be assumed, as mountain castles can also be found on other old traffic routes in the region - like the Wallburg Semberg near Schwerzen and the Hornbuck near Riedern am Sand. The finds and findings from the Bronze Age to the early Middle Ages make a very old fortification on the mountain likely.
Römer
It is also assumed that there was a watchtower and signal tower at the same place about 2000 years ago to secure the section of the Roman military road from Tenedo (Bad Zurzach / Switzerland) to Juliomagus (Schleitheim / Switzerland). At the foot of the mountain there was a Gallo-Roman temple .
Emil Müller-Ettikon writes in the local history research : “On the Küssenberg sat a Celt who called himself Cossinius, a gender name that is attested several times. He also named the village of Küßnach. The -ach does not come from the Germanic aha = ah, which means flowing water […], but is the Celtic suffix -akos, Latin akum, which expresses possession, belonging to a person. "
In research it is considered likely (Jürgen Trumm) that the name originated when a Roman named Cossinius had an estate built near the original Celtic village 2000 years ago. Architecturally a stone building (villa), which was built in connection with military units (legionaries were construction soldiers). Surrounded by wooden buildings of the Celts, also mills with well thought-out construction technology.
When the stone buildings were destroyed after the end of the Roman era around 500 AD, knowledge of the relevant construction techniques was also lost. 200 years later, after the rediscovery of a Roman manual that was copied, stone construction was again widespread around 1000 AD (castles, bridges, churches). The material of the ancient buildings in the area was used for the new construction in villages and heights and mountains. Today there are two track stones in the wall material of the Küssaburg, which will come from the steeply sloping section of the Roman road from Bechtersbohl to Klettgau , which was used here until 1871 . The tracks prevented cars from pulling away.
Alamanni and Franks
In 386 the Romans finally built a stone bridge between the fort town of Tenedo (Bad Zurzach) and the Rheinheim bridgehead. In historical literature, a long phase of often peaceful coexistence (trade) is assumed during these times. After the dissolution of the Roman Empire and the withdrawal of the last troops from the High Rhine line in the middle of the 5th century AD, the Alemanni were able to settle in the region undisturbed.
But after the defeat of the Alamanni in the battle of Zülpich against the Franks ( Merovingian kings ) in 496 , they first occupied Alamannia like a base and later also founded their own villages - a fact that is linked in the research with the corresponding names of the villages . The traditions tell of a long and extensive autonomy of the Alamanni under Frankish rule and of numerous small and large uprisings.
Under the Carolingian kings, Alamannia was only a province of the empire that Charlemagne divided into the districts that still exist today around 800. The former duke title used by the Alamanni was replaced by the Franks with the establishment of the count's offices, which were initially also occupied by them. The first written document on a castle on the Küssenberg in the Rheinau monastery archive from the year 888 also dates from this time .
The rule of the Franks in Central Europe following the Romans can be defined up to around the year 1000; In a lengthy process of dissolution, the European power relations decentralized again. Asian equestrian tribes invaded Europe from the east, and the Normans plundered as far as the Mediterranean in the north.
Middle Ages (6th to 15th centuries)
With Heinricus de Chussaberch , the family of the Counts of Küssenberg is mentioned for the first time in 1135 and 1150 in documents from the Allerheiligen monastery .
Counts of Küssenberg and Lupfen
The Counts of Küssenberg were an important aristocratic family at that time, because in addition to their rule over the Klettgau "the Landgraviate of Stühlingen also came to the Barons of Küssenberg, whose ancestral castle was the Küssaburg."
A Werner of kisses Berg was from 1170 to 1178 Abbot in St. Blasien monastery .
Around 1250, the house of the Counts of Küssenberg died out and two new powers became its heirs: the Lords of Lupfen, who of course only knew how to pull the Stühlinger part of the former Kissberg rulership and - much more decisive for the history of the Klettgau - the bishop von Konstanz, Heinrich von Tanne , who in 1241 acquired the original rule of Küssaburg with the castle of the same name and the associated localities as well as the numerous individual farm settlements created by clearing on the slope of the southern edge of the river.
Late Middle Ages
The last Count of Küssenberg, who probably died in 1270, as a chronicler of the late Middle Ages describes, names the empire of Charlemagne (around 800) as the temporary high point , which in the 10th century dissolved again into numerous small noble lords: “Of these, in In the first half of the 12th century there were about 15 noble houses still living in Klettgau at the same time, but only 3 or 4 remained at the end of the same century. ”It must have been a case of a castle dying. The destruction of the Küssaburg towards the end of the Thirty Years' War only marked the end of a long period of castle laying down at the end of the Middle Ages.
At the turn of the 12th and 13th centuries, only the Küssenbergers and Krenkingers fought for supremacy in the Klettgau, until foreign powers - the diocese of Constance and the cantons that merged to form the Confederation - intervened in the disputes towards the middle of the 13th century .
After the end of the Küssenbergs in 1250, the Habsburg King Rudolf soon eliminated the power of the Krenkingers in 1288, so that “at the turn of the 13th to the 14th century, the Landgraves in Klettgau: the Counts of Habsburg-Laufenburg only had two competitors to reckon with had: the Bishop of Constance and whose rule Kuessaberg with the gradually from the monastery rule of the Abbey of All Saints emerging commercial city of Schaffhausen city-state . "
The last heiress of the Habsburg-Laufenburg counts, who were still active locally, married the Klettgau counties at the beginning of the 15th century to the counts of Sulz (with a center between Rottweil and Sulz - in the west to the Black Forest, south and east to in the Alb areas). For almost half a century the Counts of Sulz fought for the Vogtei Rheinau as a key position in the struggle with Schaffhausen and the Diocese of Constance. After the destruction of the Sulzer bastions in front of Rheinau in 1449 (Die Burgen Balm and Oberrheinau), the dispute shifted to a settlement in 1497 after the following military stalemate in front of the courts. The Sulzer received rule over the Küssaburg.
However, the reorganization appeared two years later with the 'Swiss War' that began in 1499. As a result, the Klettgau already became the plaything of great powers - "a spatially insignificant, but constantly effective bastion against the Confederation." And in the 16th century, those who until then always were serfs , as (slaughter) victims, rebelled for the first time 'Maneuvering mass' were used: in the Peasants' War. They found support in numerous cities that had established themselves as new power factors through their financial power.
Outer bailey of the Küssaburg
With the expansion of the castle "the houses of the servants and serfs were united with the castle by a curtain wall on the upstream plateau ." The residents of the outer bailey are documented from 1317 to 1494. “In 1346, Bishop Ulrich I gave the outer bailey of the servants the right to hold its own mayor and priest. [...] Due to the reconstruction of the outer bailey after the Peasants' War, part of the outer bailey was given up because it was partially destroyed by the farmers. [...] Remains of the curtain wall can still be seen on the south side of the former outer bailey. "
Rudolf V von Sulz ceded Bohlingen Castle to the Diocese of Constance in 1497 and received the castle and the rule of Küssaberg in return.
Küssaburg in the Swiss War
In the Swiss War of 1499, the Confederates crossed the Rhine at Kaiserstuhl on April 16 and took Tiengen and Stühlingen. The Velcro Count Rudolf V had initially tried to remain neutral. But by occupying Tiengen and the Küssaburg with an Austrian garrison, he had exposed himself.
The crew of the Küssaburg surrendered on April 20 when the Confederates approached and received free retreat. According to Valerius Anshelm , the Swiss managed to position a large cannon in front of the main gate during the night. The crew of 50 men then surrendered to 500 Swiss servants and received free withdrawal with personal effects. Anselm emphasizes that the Küssaburg was a castle that was well looked after, and that the crew was even equipped with armor. The castle that was handed over was provided with a crew under the command of Captain Heini Ziegler of Zurich. The events in the castle are recorded in the contemporary diary of Villingen councilor Heinrich Hug . Among the 25 men in the crew was Remigius Mans as gunsmith from Villingen , who Hug used as a source. Twenty men, including peasants who had been forced to serve, refused the commandant's service. After the arrival of the crew in Waldshut, the mutineers were beheaded up to five men by order of the governor. Following the resolutions of the Peace of Basel , the fortress was returned to Count von Sulz by the Zurich residents in October 1499 .
Modern times (16th to 20th centuries)
After the destruction in the Swiss War in 1499, Rudolf V rebuilt Tiengen Castle and made it his ancestral home. As an extension of an existing letter of protection, Archduke Ferdinand I. Count Rudolf granted funds in 1523, which were to be paid out via the Tyrolean Chamber in Innsbruck, for the expansion of the Sulzer fortresses of Vaduz and Küssaburg. Count Rudolf guaranteed that the fortresses would be open to imperial troops forever.
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Küssaburg in the Peasants' War
In the final phase of the peasant uprising , the Küssaburg, commanded by Wolfgang Herrmann von Sulz, was unsuccessfully besieged by the Klettgau peasants in June and October 1525. On November 4, 1525, 500 horsemen under the command of Rudolf V. von Sulz and 1000 foot soldiers under the command of Captain Christoph Fuchs von Fuchsberg attacked the Klettgau heap ready to negotiate on the Rafzer field . 100 captured farmers were brought to the Küssaburg. The fingers of the captain of the group, Klaus Wagner, were cut off there. Then he was blinded. The Zwinglican reformed preacher of Grießen Hans Rebmann , who was arrested on November 11, was also blinded at the castle the following day. Out of consideration for Zurich, Rudolf V. von Sulz was subject to the death penalty for high treason. In addition to monetary payments, the communities in Klettgau had to pay their largest church bell to the Küssaburg. They were cast into guns for the fortress.
The Küssaburg has now been expanded into a state fortress with Austrian money. In 1548, after the death of Count Hans Ludwig von Sulz, the Bishop of Constance Johann von Weeze tried to buy back the pledge for Tiengen and the Küssaburg. However, he received no answer. In 1558, the Sulzer pledging parts of Tiengens and Küssaburg to the Margrave of Baden and the city of Zurich caused even greater trouble in Constance. A bilateral agreement was only reached in 1575 by a decree of the emperor. The pledge agreement for Tiengen and the Küssaburg was legally converted into a pawn loan by the diocese of Constance. After the death of the last male descendant of the direct line Sulz-Brandis, the town and castle were to revert to the diocese of Constance.
Thirty Years War (1618 to 1648)
The religious disputes in Christianity after the Reformation of Martin Luther led in the early 17th century through numerous smaller armed conflicts to a European war in which the religious image was based on political interests. For more than a decade and a half, southern Germany was spared acts of war, “before the first enemy troops, the Swedes, showed up in 1632 after their victory in the Battle of Lützen and their march under General Count Horn on the Upper Rhine and in Breisgau on the Upper Rhine, which was marked by horrific atrocities and invaded under the Scottish Count Hamilton in Klettgau. "
The Swedes on the Upper Rhine 1633
“In a battle on May 7, 1633 near Lottstetten between a 300-strong French cavalry unit who served under Swedish flags and farmers from Klettgau, 150 of the 600 farmers were killed, a large part captured and the others chased away. The then Lottstetter pastor recorded the dramatic events in a report in the church register. In revenge for the attack by the peasants, Colonel Villefranche had Lottstetten burned down on May 8, 1633 'in such a short time that everything burned in one hour and a second.' In the following days Jestetten, Erzingen, Grießen and almost all Klettgaudörfer were plundered, houses set on fire and the population tortured. "
The local history researcher Alois Nohl from Geißlingen documented: “The French drove the imperial soldiers from the Küssaburg and occupied the castle. […] On October 18, 1633, the French withdrew from the Küssaburg. As a result, the Küssaburg Castle was again occupied by imperial soldiers. ”The main Swedish army under General Horn had already moved to Konstanz in September, but the siege was broken off on October 5th without any result and the Swedes moved on to Bavaria.
Destruction of the Küssaburg on March 8, 1634
When the 'Swedish Army' approached under General Gustav Horn ', the castle was' set on fire and abandoned by its own crew', is the reason for the destruction that is still widespread today.
The heroic variant
The origin of this representation can currently be traced back to Jürgen Meyer von Rüdlingen, who wrote in 1866:
"Küssenberg was [...] now subject to the imperial family, now to the Swedes, until 1634, when the latter again approached under Franz Horn, who withdrew the too weak garrison and surrendered the magnificent fortress to the flames."
What is striking about Meyer is the incorrect naming of the Swedish general's first name: Gustav and not "Franz Horn". The depiction of the approach of the army under Horn was probably already widespread in the 19th century - in the post-war period Ernst Wellenreuther kept a low profile in 1965/66 when he only wrote about the “fire of 1634”. 20 years later, however, he gives the 'general version': “On March 8, 1634, the castle, which was occupied by an imperial troop, was abandoned by the garrison and set on fire when the Swedish army under General Horn approached. The castle crew shied away from sieges and fighting. "
On the notice board on the right at the gate entrance to the castle, there is even a “siege” of the castle by the Swedish army.
Obviously, no author asked himself why the “Swedish army under General Horn”, which had devastated the Klettgau in the summer of 1633, plundered and burned the villages, should “advance” again at the beginning of March 1634. The agreement on the process (most recently with Andreas Weiß and Christian Ruch: Die Küssaburg. 2009.) was only questioned by Alois Nohl, Geißlingen, 1994:
The bells of Wilchingen
“When the storm bells rang in Wilchingen on March 8, 1634 and were replied by the neighboring villages, the Küssaburg crew took this as a sign that the Swedes were approaching again. The imperial garrison therefore set fire to the castle and fled. Later it turned out that a fire had broken out in Wilchingen, which is why the storm bells were rung. "
Nohl gives no evidence of this and there is no mention of a fire in the Wilchingen chronicle . Nohl's account was not included in the discourse of historians in the Waldshut district. Church bells were also used to warn against foreign armies.
Swedish Army 1633/34
If the Swedish Army (then about 30,000 armed men) had marched towards Klettgau at the beginning of March 1634, they would certainly have left winter quarters. This conclusion is of a logistical and logical nature and was not considered in local history research. An examination of the facts today reveals sufficiently documented findings:
After they had thoroughly devastated and plundered the Klettgau, the Swedes left the burnt landscape in September 1633. Horn moved to Constance , but had to end the siege of the city on October 5, 1633 because of the imperial fleet that dominated Lake Constance . The troops remained in the Upper Swabian-Bavarian region and were found from January 1, 1634 to March 19, 1634 with Gros (General Horn) in the winter quarters in Pfullendorf. Then they conquered and occupied a number of cities in the Allgäu.
The army was therefore still in winter quarters in Pfullendorf in March and cannot have appeared again in Klettgau on the 8th of the month - what should it be doing in this landscape that it had thoroughly devastated in the summer of the previous year?
For documentation on the stay of the army in winter, see: The Swedish Army in Winter 1633/34
According to current research, destruction of the castle
In the winter quarters of 1633/34, the Swedes had arranged the territorial power of disposal in the western part of Austria (southern Germany). Horn's deputy, Major General Bernhard Schaffalitzky , had been appointed Commander-in-Chief for the Black Forest, Upper Swabia and Lake Constance.
At the beginning of March 1634 Schaffalitzky set out with 800 lightly armed soldiers [according to Thomas Mallinger] across the Wutach valley to the Upper Rhine. The sacking of the St. Blasianischer Fützen in March 1634 is documented. The arrival of Schaffalitzky in the region and the abandonment of the Küssaburg are thus at the same time. Possibly Schaffalitzky's primary goal was to establish himself on the fortress. This would have built a bridge between the Landgraviate of Stühlingen, which is part of the Swedish alliance, and the reformed canton of Zurich. Since the small imperial garrison of the castle was hardly able to successfully resist, it makes perfect sense to burn the castle down by rendering it unusable. This episode, insignificant for the course of the war, is usually left out in later historiography. It is documented in Thomas Mallinger's contemporary diary. Apart from the von Schaffalitzky troops, no regular units of the Swedish alliance operated in the region around the Küssaburg in 1634.
The home historian Friedrich Wernet stated that on March 8, 1634, the crew leaving Küssaburg probably caused further mischief: “On March 8, Küßnach was robbed. Lorraine, Croatians 'and other rabble' were in the imperial troops. They lived as badly as the Swedes who looted Fützen on March 10th . [...] The guerrilla war began, initially in the Black Forest. Everyone beat everyone to death. The difference between friend and foe disappeared. "
End of the Swedish occupation
Schaffalitzky had already occupied the abandoned Waldshut in mid-March, but attacked Lauffenburg in vain. Via St. Blasien, where he presumably obtained contributions, Schaffalitzky and his troops reached Freiburg, which they conquered on April 11, 1634. The Swedes were now “at the peak of their power” in the imperial empire. But on September 5 and 6, 1634, the united Swedish armies were defeated by an imperial Bavarian army in conjunction with a Spanish army in the battle of Nördlingen . This ended the Swedish train to southern Germany.
For the castle garrison itself, it did not play a decisive role whether an entire army or a kind of 'reaction force' like the Swedish regiment with 800 men was approaching. For the historians who felt romantic and heroic in the 19th century , the task of the “mighty festivals” in front of an entire army naturally sounded better.
After the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, plans to rebuild were considered, but not implemented due to unprofitability. The castle, which was no longer of any strategic importance, fell into disrepair.
Rockslide on December 25, 1664
The illustration that a landslide caused further major damage to the castle, which was partially destroyed by the fire, goes back to Ernst Wellenreuther, 1965/66, with reference to a contemporary illustration by the engraver Conrad Meyer.
Wellenreuther's assumption that "the earthquake caused by the landslide undoubtedly brought the entire medieval buildings inside the castle to collapse" was not tenable and was not taken up by later authors. The landslide actually took place - but on the hill east of the mountain bearing the Küssaburg:
“From the Küssaburg there is a series of mountains in beautifully curved lines to the east. The first of them, half an hour away from Geißlingen, shows a location that stands out due to its name, the so-called Heidenstatt Wall. […] In a report by the geological state institute in Freiburg on December 2, 1933, the geologist Dr. C. Schnarrenberger already back then the mountain fall on the Küssaburg. "
The locations are about two kilometers apart. Damage to the castle ruins from the landslide can therefore be ruled out.
Prince of Schwarzenberg
The ruins of the fortress fell into disrepair, but they did not remain without owners. After the death of the last male Count von Sulz, the pawn loan from Küssaburg would have been legitimately returned to the diocese of Constance . However, Johann Ludwig II von Sulz prevented this in favor of his daughters. Through this inheritance construction of Klettgau 1698 elevated to princely Landgraviate came over the marriage of Maria Anna of Sulz with Ferdinand von Schwarzenberg in 1703 as a whole at the Haus Schwarzenberg . Since then, the Schwarzenbergs have also held the title of Count von Sulz and the Landgrave of Klettgau . The administrative seat of the Schwarzenberg rule in Klettgau was Tiengen Castle. Until the acquisition of the Klettgau by the Grand Duchy of Baden in 1812, the Küssaburg remained in the possession of the Prince of Schwarzenberg.
Küssaburg as a ruin
The castle was not rebuilt, but it was not preserved either:
“The destruction of the castle was not as great as today's visitor might assume. The fire in the castle was limited to the combustible wooden parts. The wine-red discolouration on the stones of the interior, which can still be seen today, are traces of the fire of 1634. After the castle was destroyed, the ruins served the surrounding villages as a quarry until the middle of the 19th century. For example, stones were verifiably fetched for the construction of the Oberlauchringer mill, for the church in Schwerzen , and for the construction of the stations in Tiengen from the Klausenkapelle to the Kreuzkapelle. Stones from the ruins were also used to build the courtyards near the Küssaburg. "
It remained in the possession of the Prince of Schwarzenberg until the Grand Duchy of Baden acquired the Klettgau in 1812 .
Development of the ruin
The castle romance that began in England at the end of the 18th century and the associated preservation of the ruins did not develop on the Upper Rhine until the middle of the 19th century. In 1855, further decay and use as a quarry were stopped. In the same year, a provisional access to the castle was created by expanding a loopholes on the east side.
Material from the castle was used in the Oberlauchringer mill, in the church of Schwerzen and in a Tiegen station path. These measures required at least the approval of the Tiengen building inspector Paul Fritschi. On May 31, 1855, the Waldshut building inspection received the order from the Directorate of Forests, Mining and Metallurgy in Karlsruhe to develop the ruin without disturbing its character. The first systematic excavations were carried out in the ruins from 1896 to 1897. The excavation finds came into the possession of the grand ducal collection for antiquity and ethnology in Karlsruhe. A high-quality green-glazed stove tile from the second half of the 15th century, which was found behind the Pallas Gate, is still part of the exhibition on the subject of the late Middle Ages in the Baden State Museum . The square tile shows a couple making music at the fountain (inventory number C 7673 Landesmuseum Karlsruhe). The representation is based on a reverse copper engraving template by the master ES (L 203).
It was not until 1932 to 1939 that the ruins were fully exposed. It has been a popular destination ever since. The ruins were handed over to the district of Waldshut in 1978 from the hands of Baden-Württemberg . The Küssaburg-Bund maintains the castle.
Brief tourist description
After arriving from Bechtersbohl, the road ends on a plateau with various buildings. The castle is freely accessible on foot via a short ascent. Parking lot at the restaurant and the meadow to the right of the ascent; the former youth hostel (now a holiday home) at the top right entrance. At the end of the slope there was probably the gate of the Celtic ramparts .
On the plateau in front of the castle was a fortified small town with a chapel and its own law. Servants and vassals lived in this outer bailey. During the Peasants' War it was partially destroyed in 1525 and during the renovation in 1529 the rest was cleared because of the better field of fire. The castle complex of today's size was expanded as a "cannon fortress " after the fortification technology improved at the time (client: Count Rudolf V. von Sulz ).
Castle complex
- The mechanism of the originally renewed drawbridge is remarkable. See: Drawbridge
- At the gate on the right there is a beautiful, but not flawless information board with a reconstruction of the building. The coat of arms above the gate is a modern composition of two medieval owner coats of arms. (See next chapter.)
- On the tower to the right of the entrance to the castle plateau is a plaque with the floor plan. The viewing platform (with electrotechnical mast) in the hall.
Looking west in the tower on the left is a former dungeon, in front of it a roundabout . At the front left in the tower below is a storage room. In front of the well (cistern), next to it the walls of the chapel. In the utility area on the right today the barbecue area - two console stones with goblins have been preserved here. All around the buildings were multi-storey, and after the first expansion by the Bishop of Constance , the castle is said to have had 136 rooms.
- Detailed description in: Wolf Pabst (text and drawings): Small guide through the Küssaburg. Explanations of structural details and history of the castle. pdf
After the fire in 1634, the castle was used as a quarry. The stones themselves were originally taken from the Roman ruins of the Klettgau. In 1996 the foundations of a temple were excavated there, presumably a Gallo-Roman goddess. Stone extraction was banned in 1855.
Coat of arms above the castle entrance
“A hiker who visited the ruins around 1800 saw the coats of arms of the bishops of Constance and those of the Counts of Sulz still attached.” The sovereign situation of the Küssaburg as a result of the lien speaks in favor of such a double coat of arms. A rough illustration of the double coat of arms can be found on the ruins of Johann Melchior Füssli . According to Franz Xaver Kraus, who refers to Christian Roder, the coat of arms stone was stolen around 1847 and made into grinding stones. Detailed images of the coats of arms are not known.
The current coat of arms above the reconstructed castle entrance was made in 1983 by the sculptor Ernst Keller from Lottstetten based on a design by the Waldshut government building officer Ernst Wellenreuther. The colors are indicated by the different structuring of the surface. Wellenreuther based his representation on the younger coat of arms of the Counts of Sulz in Johann Siebmacher's coat of arms book from 1605. The bishop's cap can be traced on the Sulzer coat of arms since the end of the 14th century and has no relation to the diocese of Constance.
From the shield wall , which has been converted into a lookout tower , the view is unobstructed on a clear day with the panorama of the snow-capped peaks of the Swiss Alps - to Bechtersbohl at the foot of the Küssaburg, to Lauchringen and to Vitibuck , from Randen to Bad Zurzach in the Rhine Valley and far into the Black Forest .
The Küssaburgbund is responsible for maintaining the castle as a cultural and historical monument .
Küssaburgbund
“The local writer Samuel Pletscher (founded) the first Küssaburg Association based in Oberlauchigene on June 3, 1893, but which only existed for a short time.” In the same year, Pletscher published a “Küssaburg Booklet”. The Küssaburgbund was re-established in the course of the excavations in the 1930s in 1934 and “revived in 1956 by District Administrator Wilfrid Schäfer. First of all, the extremely poor access road from Bechtersbohl to Küssaburg was repaired and expanded by the district administration. ”The necessary renovation measures were carried out and the THW built a wooden bridge over the moat. District administrator Schäfer's successor as chairman was Franz Schmidt, former mayor of Tiengen, who, together with mayor Berthold Schmidt von Lauchringen, took over the castle in the summer of 1978 by the district of Waldshut under district administrator Dr. Emergency aid provided. This “enabled the Küssaberg-Bund to receive grants from the Baden-Württemberg State Monuments Office . [...] In addition to the conservation work on the wall surfaces and crowns, which is always necessary, the reconstruction of the castle gate building with the installation of a drawbridge was carried out as an outstanding work. "
Working drawbridge
“The restoration of a fully functional drawbridge [...], the reconstruction of a drawbridge that existed several hundred years ago (... should) take more than two years. [...] The carpenter commissioned with the construction, Josef Morath (70), looked at various drawbridges from other castles in Alsace and Switzerland, none of which, however, was functional. All of them were dummies. ”In 1981 the completed Küssaburg drawbridge was put into operation - a boy was able to move the three-ton wooden structure. The mechanism was adjusted so precisely that “from an angle of 45 degrees the bridge closed by itself.” In 1996, the now more difficult function was compensated for by strengthening the counterweight. The current version of the drawbridge dates from May 2017.
care, support
In the first 15 years after the castle was taken over by the Waldshut district in 1978, "780,000 D-Marks were already due for renovation work."
"The Küssaburgbund has been offering guided tours of the ruins for four years now [...] Last year there were around 550 participants." The chairwoman of the federal government is the deputy mayor of Küssaberg, Brigitte Rossa, 2nd board member Bernd Hufschmid from the Waldshut district office.
The Küssaburg in art
- On the cycle of frescoes by David von Winkelsheim on the north wall in the ballroom of the St. Georgen monastery in Stein am Rhein , Ambrosius Holbein depicted the Zurzach mass in 1515 . Top right of the background of the scene with the whores dance an ideal representation of Küssaburg is displayed.
- Another illustration of the undestroyed castle can be found in the Stumpf Chronicle from 1548 at the top right of a woodcut from the Zurzach fair.
- A miniature view of the still undestroyed fortress can be found on a Hans Conrad Gyger military map .
- A view of the ruins from a distance shows Merian's Zurzach view from 1654.
- Conrad Meyer wrote the single-sheet print Actual Outline of the strange mountain fall on the Küssaberg. by 1665.
- Three views of the castle, including a detailed representation of the east side of the ruin with the gate entrance, were published by Johann Caspar Ulinger in 1730 at Johann Andreas Pfeffel in Augsburg based on drawings by Johann Melchior Füssli .
- Around 1735 the ruin is shown in a view of Tiengens by Johann Heinrich Meyer (1688–1749). A free depiction of the ruins from the second half of the 18th century in oil is kept in the Tiengen Local History Museum.
- Joseph Mallord William Turner's Ruined Castle among Trees; Küssaberg near Lauchringen 1802. , is preserved in the Lake Thun Sketchbook in the Tate Gallery London.
- An ink drawing of the Küssaburg by Maximilian von Ring , dated 1828, is kept in the collection of the Augustinermuseum in Freiburg and served as a template for Plate 14: Kussenburg, in: Picturesque views of the knight's castles in Germany based on the original drawings by Mr. Maximilian von Ring. The Grand Duchy of Baden, 1: Southern part from the Kinzigthale to Lake Constance, Strasbourg, Levrault 1829.
- In the second third of the 19th century, there were two depictions from the west side, the one in 1839 in the first volume of Joseph Bader's Badenia. after page 34 were published.
- The castle researcher Eduard Schuster published drawings of the ruin in his publication Die Burgen und Schlösser Baden in 1908 .
- In the 1960s, the Küssaberg was a popular motif of the local painter Christian Gotthard Hirsch .
- A curiosity is the pewter panorama of the peasant war in Klettgau (Upper Rhine), the Küssaburg and the battle on the Rafzer Feld on November 4, 1525 , depicted in pewter figures and landscape models by the pewter figure hermitage in Freiburg's Schwabentor.
- Book title with castle (Verlag Zimmermann, Waldshut 1934.) Hans von Brandeck (draftsman unknown).
Myths and legends
The legend of the depiction of the castle ruins by Johann Melchior Füssli from 1730 tells of an underground passage. A Swiss legend even reports that a secret underground passage led from the fortress to the Mandach castle on the Zurzach bridge.
There are also legends about the Küssaburg. After Bernhard von Clairveaux had also recruited Tiengen for the crusade, a young gypsy moved through the country and also to the Küssaburg. She lived her existence with fortune telling. A damsel had them chased away by dogs. The gypsy girl predicted a blaze of fire for the castle and an unfaithful betrothed to the damsel. When she actually got word of the infidelity of the knight who was on the crusade, she threw herself into the castle fountain.
Landgrave Rudolf V. von Sulz, locally known as “Der Bauern (be) zwinger”, has to go around the castle every night as punishment for the cruel suppression of the peasant uprising.
Heinrich von Küssenberg became haughty after his marriage to Kunigunde, the sister of Count Rudolf von Habsburg , and was punished by fate with the fact that he was the last male representative of his gender to have no offspring. Tradition reports that the Habsburg king, as king , bestowed the dignity of count on his brother-in-law Heinrich, who until then was still a baron . So he was able to incorporate the Habsburg lion into his previous coat of arms with the three crescent moon.
Quotes and anecdotes
Water and wine
In addition to the extensive consumption of wine, the castle was mainly supplied with water from a rainwater cistern . That this water was not enough shows the complaint of the Klettgau subjects 1524/25 to the rulers, where in the eleventh article they demand, among other things, the abolition: All junk and business that one has to wash in the Schloss Küssenberg, one leads to Lauchringen, and so that it is washed, the poor people have to lead it into the castle. They give us that.
Viktor von Scheffel visited the castle repeatedly. One of his ancestors, Georg Balthasar Krederer from Prague, was the castle captain in the service of the Counts of Sulz at the beginning of the 17th century. In the first volume of the Badenia, Josef Bader mentions the family and journeyman's book that he had left behind at the Küssaburg and was full of tankard poetry. The stud book was acquired from Scheffel's mother. The future of the book is uncertain.
Nicasius Beyer zum Edelbach (from Edelbach in the Steinatal) / did his job nicely / welcome drunk too / as it was born according to old custom / it was there / that he couldn't find the bed
The imprisonment of Leonard Thurneysser
In 1595 Count Rudolf VII von Sulz had the alchemist Leonhard Thurneysser , who was coming from Venice , arrested in Tiengen on charges of debt collection and arrested him at the Küssaburg. Thurneysser managed to get free through the intervention of friends, but had to leave some of the books he had with him in the Küssaburg. One of these books ended up in the Abbey Library of St. Gallen in this way.
Küssaberg nature reserve
The southern slope is designated as a nature reserve Ruine Küssaburg .
Photo gallery
East side with outer gate (2008)
The Sulz-Brandis alliance coat of arms above the gate, which was 'copied' in 1983
Inside of the outer gate (1991)
Gate to the main castle (2008)
Floor plan of the castle
Remnants of the tower at the southwest corner (2008)
Inner castle to the east (1991)
Core castle towards the west (2008)
North side from Breitenfeld (2016)
View from Breitenfeld over the Küssaburg to the Glarus Alps with Hausstock , Ruchi , Ortstock , Muttenstock and Selbstsanft
Merian panoramic view over Zurzach to the Küssaburg (1654)
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Remarks
- ↑ The possessions of the Diocese of Constance formed their own small rule: 'Küssaburger Schloß und Tal'. It was made up of the five communities of Bechtersbohl, Küßnach, Dangstetten, Rheinheim and Reckingen. (Johannes Meyer von Rüdlingen: Küssenberg in Klettgau in Baden. Schaffhausen 1866, p. 24.) Under the rule of the Diocese of Constance, which had appointed a Vogt to manage it, the castle was extensively expanded. "The Bishop of Constance had a bridge built to the neighboring exhibition center Zurzach ." (Alfons Peter, Zurich: Die Landgrafschaft. In: Der Klettgau. Ed .: Mayor Franz Schmidt on behalf of the city of Tiengen / Hochrhein, 1971, p. 102. )
- ^ Ernst Wellenreuther: 350 years of ruin Küssaburg in: Heimat am Hochrhein, yearbook of the district of Waldshut 1985, Verlag des Südkurier, Konstanz 1984, p. 183.
- ↑ "The Central Library of the City of Zurich has an engraving from around 1700 depicting the Küssaburg with a landslide that affected the castle on December 25, 1664." (Wellenreuther, 1965/66, p. 10.)
- ↑ See chapter on fire 1634 . The Swedish Army under General Horn was still in winter quarters in Pfullendorf and there was no siege. The crew fled from a Swedish commando.
literature
Factual publications
- Helmut Bender, Karl-Bernhard Knappe, Klauspeter Wilke: Castles in southern Baden. Schillinger, Freiburg im Breisgau 1979, ISBN 3-921340-41-1 .
- Robert Feger , castles and palaces in southern Baden. A selection. Weidlich, Würzburg 1984, ISBN 3-8035-1237-9 .
- Albrecht Greule : names of waters in the district of Waldshut. In: Heimat am Hochrhein 1985 . Südkurier Verlag, Konstanz 1984, ISBN 3-87799-053-3 .
- Arthur Hauptmann: Castles then and now - castles and castle ruins in southern Baden and neighboring areas. Verlag Südkurier, Konstanz 1984, ISBN 3-87799-040-1 , pp. 259-263.
- Brigitte Matt-Willmatt, Karl-Friedrich Hoggenmüller: Lauchringen . Lauchringen municipality (ed.), 1985.
- Hans Matt-Willmatt: Weilheim in the district of Waldshut. The Thirty-Year War. 1977.
- Emil Müller-Ettikon : What the names reveal about the development of the settlements. In: The Klettgau. Ed .: Mayor Franz Schmidt on behalf of the city of Tiengen / Hochrhein, 1971.
- Emil Müller-Ettikon: A brief overview of the history of Küssaberg. Ed .: Municipality of Küssaberg, 1986.
- Alois Nohl: The Thirty Years War and the destruction of the Küssaburg. In: Land between the Upper Rhine and the Southern Black Forest , published by the Hochrhein History Association, Waldshut 1994.
- Norbert Nothhelfer (ed.): The district of Waldshut. Konrad Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart / Aalen 1975, ISBN 3-8062-0124-2 .
- Wolf Pabst (text and drawings): Small guide through the Küssaburg. Explanations of structural details and history of the castle. 2011. pdf
- Samuel Pletscher: Küssenberg in Klettgau in Baden. Schleitheim, 1883.
- Pierre Riché : The world of the Carolingians. Reclam, Stuttgart 2009, ISBN 978-3-15-020183-1 .
- Christian Roder : Küssaberg. In: Franz Xaver Kraus (Ed.): The art monuments of the Grand Duchy of Baden , Freiburg im Breisgau, 1892, Volume III - Waldshut district; Pp. 133-142 online .
- Christian Roder: The Schlosskaplanei Küssenberg and the St. Anne's Chapel in Dangstetten. In: Freiburg Diocesan Archive Volume 31 = NF 4, 1903 ( digitized version ).
- Karl Siebold: Ruin Küssaburg. In: Association for the preservation of German castles (Hrsg.): The castle warden: Bulletin of the German castle association eV for the protection of historical fortifications, castles and residential buildings. Volume 34 (1933); Pp. 37–39 digitized .
- Jürgen Trumm: The Roman settlement on the eastern Upper Rhine. Issue 63, Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-8062-1643-6 .
- Heinz Voellner: The castles and palaces between the Wutach Gorge and the Upper Rhine. 1979.
- Andreas Weiß, Christian Ruch, The Küssaburg. Published by the Küssaburg-Bund eV, o. O. 2009.
- Ernst Wellenreuther: 350 years of Küssaburg ruins. In: Heimat am Hochrhein, year book of the district Waldshut 1985, Verlag des Südkurier, Konstanz 1984, ISBN 3-87799-053-3 .
Stories and novels
- Hans Brandeck: The Imperial Court on the Küssaburg. Publisher H. Zimmermann, Waldshut 1934.
- Wendelin Duda: The legends of the Klettgau and the eastern Albgau. Freiburg Echo Verlag, Freiburg 2004. ISBN 978-3_86028-201-4.
- Hans and Brigitte Matt-Willmatt: Legends of the Upper Rhine and Hotzenwald. , Lahr / Schwarzwald 1986, ISBN 3-7946-0243-9 .
- Wolf Pabst: The Elsbeth von der Küssaburg and their time. 2009. pdf
- Wolf Pabst: Water for the Küssaburg. 2011. pdf
- Karl Friedrich Würtenberger : Elsbeth von Küssaberg the Gotteli of St. Agnesen. 1889 Project Gutenberg's Elsbeth von Küssaberg
Web links
- Official website of the municipality of Küssaberg
- Reconstruction drawing by Wolfgang Braun
- Entry on Küssaburg in the scientific database " EBIDAT " of the European Castle Institute
Individual evidence
- ↑ Dirk Salzmann: Küssaburg [Küssaburg (KBG)]. At the time of castle romanticism. , Südkurier , May 6, 2010.
- ↑ Alb-Bote: Waldshuter storyteller (WTE) Gate of the Romans to Germania. December 9, 2017. [1]
- ↑ Rudolph Morath: Old castle ruins a destination for many weekend trips. Südkurier , July 1996.
- ↑ Tina Prause: Renovation on the Küssaburg. Alb-Bote / Südkurier, July 17, 2018.
- ^ Albrecht Greule : names of waters in the district of Waldshut. In: Heimat am Hochrhein 1985, Südkurier Verlag, Konstanz 1984, p. 86 ff.
- ↑ Where did the Küssaburg get its name from? (pdf), Wolf Pabst, on kuessaberg.info
- ↑ Egon Gersbach : Prehistory of the High Rhine (finds and sites in the districts of Säckingen and Waldshut) , Ed .: State Office for Pre- and Protohistory Freiburg and State Office for Monument Preservation, Dept. Early history Karlsruhe, Badische Fundberichte, special issue 11 (catalog volume), 1969, p. 126.
- ↑ Jürgen Trumm: A Gallo-Roman temple near Oberlauchringen in: Archäologische Ausgrabungen in Baden-Württemberg 1995, Theiss-Verlag, Stuttgart 1996, p. 217 ff.
- ^ Emil Müller-Ettikon: What the names reveal about the development of the settlements. In: The Klettgau. Ed .: Mayor Franz Schmidt on behalf of the city of Tiengen / Hochrhein, 1971, p. 61.
- ^ Pierre Riché : The world of the Carolingians , Reclam-Verlag 2009.
- ^ Franz Ludwig Baumann , Allerheiligen pp. 113 and 121.
- ↑ Gustav Häussler: From the history of the city of Stühlingen. In: Heimat on the Upper Rhine. Volume 2, Ed .: Landkreis Waldshut 1965/66, p. 26.
- ↑ Helmut Maurer: The Klettgau in the early and high Middle Ages. , Tiengen 1971, p. 99.
- ↑ Helmut Maurer: The Klettgau in the early and high Middle Ages. Tiengen 1971, p. 97.
- ↑ Helmut Maurer: The Klettgau in the early and high Middle Ages. 1971, p. 100.
- ^ Alfons Peter: The Landgraviate. 1971, p. 110.
- ↑ Alois Nohl, Geißlingen: The outer bailey of the Küssaburg. In: Land between the Upper Rhine and the southern Black Forest. Ed .: History Association Hochrhein, 1997, p. 103 f.
- ^ Heinrich Büttner: From constitution and national history. Historical regional research. Economic history. Auxiliary sciences. Thorbecke, 1954, p. 160.
- ↑ See Tiengen's siege and surrender in the Swabian War of 1499. Festschrift for Thomas Zotz , Thorbecke 2004, p. 156.
- ↑ Arthur Brunhart: Building blocks for Liechtenstein history, Chronos, 1999, p. 104.
- ↑ Freiburg Diocesan Archive, Volume IV., Herderverlag, Freiburg, 1869, pp. 237f. With detailed references
- ↑ Konstantin Maier: The cathedral chapter of Konstanz and its electoral capitulations, Steiner, 1990, p. 89.
- ↑ Ilse Fingerlin: The Counts of Sulz and their burial in Tiengen am Hochrhein , Theiss, 1992, p. 12.
- ^ Hans Matt-Willmatt : Weilheim in the district of Waldshut. The Thirty-Year War. Verlag H. Zimmermann KG, Waldshut 1977, p. 119.
- ↑ A. Nohl: The Thirty Years War and the Destruction of the Küssaburg , 1994, p. 45.
- ^ Johannes Meyer von Rüdlingen : Küssenberg in the Baden Klettgau. [2] , Aujourdhui u. Werdmann, Schaffhausen 1866, p. 40.
- ↑ Ernst Wellenreuther: The Küssaburg. In: Heimat am Hochrhein, yearbook of the district of Waldshut 1965/66, ed .: District of Waldshut, H. Zimmermann KG Waldshut, p. 9.
- ↑ Kurt Bächtold : History of Wilchingen , Stamm + Co., Schleitheim 1988, p. 146 ff.
- ^ CV of B. Schaffalitzky von Muckadell .
- ^ Thomas Mallinger: Diaries from 1613-1660. In: Mone, Quellensammlung, Vol. 2, 1863 p. 560.
- ^ Karl Friedrich Wernet, Schramberg: The Thirty Years War. In: The Klettgau. , 1971, p. 206 f.
- ^ Thomas Mallinger: Diaries from 1613-1660. In: Mone, Quellensammlung, Vol. 2, 1863 p. 560. List of the source Th. Mallinger in: Mone .
- ↑ Ernst Wellenreuther: The Küssaburg. Find report and reconstruction , in: Heimat am Hochrhein, Ed. Landkreis Waldshut, Volume 2, 1965/66, p. 10 f.
- ↑ Alois Nohl: The Thirty Years War and the Destruction of the Küssaburg , 1994, p. 47.
- ^ C. Schnarrenberger: Expert opinion of the geological state institute Freiburg dated December 2, 1933.
- ^ Karl von Schwarzenberg: The Schwarzenberg government in Klettgau. In: The Klettgau. , 1971, p. 245.
- ↑ Ernst Wellenreuther: Die Küssaburg, in: Heimat am Hochrhein, Volume 2, 1965, p. 12.
- ↑ Alois Nohl: The Thirty Years War and the Destruction of the Küssaburg. Waldshut 1994, p. 47.
- ^ Franz Xaver Kraus: Die Kunstdenkmäler des Kreis Waldshut, Ohr, 1892, p. 1002
- ↑ Ernst Wellenreuther: 350 years of ruins Küssaburg, in: Heimat am Hochrhein, Volume X., 1985, p. 188.
- ↑ Ernst Wellenreuther: 350 years of ruin Küssaburg , in: Heimat am Hochrhein 1985, published by Landkreis Waldshut, Verlag Südkurier, Konstanz 1984, p. 184.
- ^ E. Wellenreuther: 350 Years of Ruin Küssaburg , 1984, p. 186 f.
- ↑ Edgar Polster: The castle ruins with the flap. In: Alb-Bote, April 20, 1996.
- ↑ Tina Prause: Renovation on the Küssaburg. Alb-Bote / Südkurier, July 17, 2018.
- ↑ See Alfred Hidber, Hans Rudolf Sennhauser, Annette Schaefer, Historical Association of the Zurzach District, Zurzach (AG): History of the Fleckens Zurzach, Verlag Historische Vereinigung des Bezirks Zurzach, 2004, p. 238.
- ^ Journal for the history of the Upper Rhine, Badische Historische Kommission, Volume 118, Braun, Karlsruhe, 1970, p. 293.
- ^ See Artur-Andreas Lehmann: The Peasants' War in Klettgau / Hochrhein. The Küssaburg and the battle on the Rafzer Feld on November 4, 1525 - depicted in tin figures and landscape models by the tin figure claw in the Schwabentor Freiburg D 7800 Freiburg im Breisgau , Freiburg im Breisgau 1977
- ^ Edward Attenhofer: Legends and customs from an old market town, R. & L. Müller, 1961, p. 25.
- ↑ The Wahragerin on the Küssaburg. In: Hans and Brigitte Matt-Willmatt: Legends of the Upper Rhine and Hotzenwald. Lahr / Schwarzwald 1986, p. 24.
- ^ The peasant hater Count Rudolf von Sulz. In: Hans and Brigitte Matt-Willmatt: Legends of the Upper Rhine and Hotzenwald. Lahr / Schwarzwald 1986, p. 24 f.
- ↑ see Josef Bader: The last kissaberger
- ↑ Richard Gäng: Sagas and Legends. In: The Klettgau . Ed .: Franz Schmidt, Tiengen / Hochrhein, 1971, p. 365.
- ^ Heinrich Schreiber : The German Peasants' War. P. 182
- ↑ Johannes Proelß: Scheffel - Ein Dichterleben, Musaicum, 2017.
- ↑ Paul H. Boerlin: Leonhard Thurneysser as principal , Birkhauser, 1976, p. 28
- ↑ 11. NSG: Ruin Küssaburg, Küssaberg. In: Geotopes in the administrative district of Freiburg , pp. 271–273
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