Bechtersbohl
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Bechtersbohl
Küssaberg municipality
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| Height : | 442 m |
| Residents : | 302 (2010) |
| Incorporation : | 1st January 1975 |
| Postal code : | 79790 |
| Area code : | 07742 |
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The village of Bechtersbohl is a district of the Baden-Württemberg community Küssaberg in the district of Waldshut in Germany . The place lies at the foot of the Küssenberg with the Küssaburg and has been the top of a direct south-north connection from the Alps through today's Switzerland between the Black Forest and the Swabian Alb into the Rhine-Main area . Today the L 162 state road is the feeder to the Zurzach – Rheinheim bridge over the Rhine .
Location and importance
The castle hill consists of rocks from the White Jura , from which the castle walls are also made.
Bechtersbohl is located in the depression of two hills in the southern foothills of the Randen Mountains at the only point in the mountain range that runs parallel to the Upper Rhine and that was relatively easy to cross. Here an “ancient trade route” ran from the south to the north, a term used in local research that refers to transport links that existed before the Roman and even Celtic times . These routes always take the geographically optimal connections, to the north below the village through the western end of the Klettgau plain to the Wutach valley , which allowed the continuation east of the southern Black Forest into the Baar through the lowest passages.
Due to its position on the top of the pass, Bechtersbohl had strategic importance, which is illustrated by its location on a Roman imperial or military road and by the existence and history of the Küssaburg .
The place is correspondingly “ancient”, because the pass was the place that had to allow a rest or overnight stay and today's inn was a stop. Above all, the trade in heavy transport wagons had to be offered help with the crossing in both directions, especially since the top of the pass could only be negotiated with a single track. For this purpose there were wagoners who provided pre- or post-tensioning services with carts of oxen. As trade increased significantly after the Roman occupation and cultivation of southern Germany, this was regulated by the state and the steep path - the "Heidengäßle" - was laid out with track stones, two of which can still be seen in the building material of the Küssaburg.
The importance of the 'ancient connection' remained until the 19th century - not until 1876, when the volume of traffic increased in the course of industrialization, the steeply sloping Roman section was replaced by the serpentine state road L 162.
The area up to shortly before Bechtersbohl with the Römerstraße and the wayside shrine at the intersection with the Landesstraße belongs to the district of Oberlauchringen.
Even today, the volume of traffic due to commuter traffic to Switzerland over the Zurzach-Rheinheim bridge over the Rhine is enormous. Since the modern town has moved up the castle hill, the traffic noise is bearable for the residents.
village life
The most important achievement of the last few years is the multigenerational space, for which over 16,000 euros in donations were raised. "The regular work assignments of the members of the interest group were always well staffed."
The Hirschen inn with the large garden on the top of the pass is a popular destination and also a meeting place for the locals.
- Several finds from the Küssaburg are kept in the inn in the village. (Iron ball, melting pot, etc.) One house (35) has a walled-in limestone plaque with a St. Blasian coat of arms from 1642. A stone cane to the north of the site again bears the coat of arms of the Counts of Sulz (1605). (Mayer, 207).
“Because of her popularity and efficiency, the Hirschen landlady Verena Döbele, born in 1936, was born. Farmer, popularly called the Vreneli, very popular ”(Chronicle WT, 16).
- The 90-year-old Maria Vogelbacher was also a Hirschen landlady and was interviewed by the local historian Wolf Pabst - she said that the large building on the left on the descent from the top of the pass into the Klettgau was a women's monastery belonging to the St. Blasien monastery. According to another statement, today's little 'Schopf' was a chapel of the monastery right on the descent.
In Bechtersbohl there is a community center at Talweg 2 with a library (Wednesdays from 6.30 p.m. to 7 p.m.); the fire station is used for the "Father's Day shock".
An extensive renovation of two streets was also carried out in 2019.
The village has been shaped for several years by the buildings of the electronics company Semitron . The Keller-Elektronik company is also domiciled here.
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- The Bechtersbohl Catholic Church was built as a chapel in 1670 and bears the Sulz-Brandis coat of arms above the entrance.
The castle courtyard and the Stüdlehof on the Küssenberg as well as the Küssaberg inn and the holiday home shortly before the entrance to the castle are also part of Bechtersbohl.
history
The favorable traffic situation and the possibility of quick retreat on the Küssenberg offered a suitable place to settle in prehistoric times.
Early history
As the Neolithic or New Stone Age , the epoch is believed to be around 6,500 to 5,000 BC. Chr. Designated.
“'Plain', 485 m. In 1896 and 1942 Neolithic reading finds on a small leveling area used as arable land. The site is on the eastern tip of the Klettgau ridge, which is covered with loess loam, just above the Bechtersbohl pass ”. Finds were blades, scratches ( jasper and Jura hornstone), a hatchet and parts of hatchets ( diorite ), stone chisels, undecorated pottery. Location: Waldshut Local History Museum, Inv. No. Wa 5-7; 596. “In addition references.
There were no findings in and around Bechtersbohl during the Bronze Age or the time of the Celts, but it can be assumed that any possibility of the later intensive use and development of the pass top destroyed early facilities. This also applies to the “Küssenberg, documented in the 9th century (since 876) [...] The geographical conditions and the associated strategic importance suggest the probability that here, as on the Hornbuck near Riedern am Sand , on the Semberg near Schwerzen or below Berau there was a prehistoric or early historical refuge, whose moat also served as a neck moat for the later castle, and the Romans to secure the over the mountain saddle at Bechtersbohl from Windisch ( Vindonissa ) to Schleitheim ( Juliomagus ) and on to Rottweil ( Arae Flaviae ) leading the military road had erected a watchtower on the mountain top. "
Romans
The Roman Imperial Road once passed over this hill. On the northern slope of the hill, in the so-called Heidengäßchen, Roman bricks, pottery shards, nails and coins were found. (Finds are in the museum in Freiburg i. Br.)
“Below Bechtersbohl, the elevated roads leading to Rottweil and those from Basel to Klettgau and Hegau crossed, as the course of the former Roman roads is still called today. (Chronicle Lauchringen, 48 f.). "
First mention and name
"It was awarded to the Rheinau monastery in 876 by the Albgau Count Gotsbert."
- The name of the place means 'Hill of Berchtold'. (Mayer, 207).
- "In 1462 the village is called 'Berchtenspuel' in documents and in 1497 'Berchtelspol'." (Chronicle WT, 16).
middle Ages
After the transition of the Küssaburg from the history of the Küssaburg # Küssenberger Counts to the Diocese of Constance in 1251, the surrounding villages of Bechtersbohl, Küßnach, Dangstetten, Rheinheim and Reckingen were combined to form the rule of the Küssenberger Castle and Valley . The rule was retained even after the transfer to the Counts of Sulz. In the administration of the Rheinau monastery based in Rheinheim, Ober- and Unterlauchringen also belonged to the rule. (LN, 118, 121, 73).
“Under episcopal Constance rule, the outer bailey in the east was built in 1346 by Bishop Ulrich III. (1345–51) granted town charter. Presumably the name Schultheiß , which is nowhere else to be found in the Landgraviate of Klettgau, goes back to the former Schultheiss of the Vorburg or town of Küssenberg for the local superior of Bechtersbohl. This outer bailey, which had already been destroyed by the farmers, was abandoned during the expansion of the castle (1525–29) after the Peasants' War for technical reasons, the house belonging to the chaplain mentioned in 1360/70 was now built in Dangstetten ("Pfaffenhuus") and the chaplain Küssenberg [... ] incorporated into the parish of Oberlauchringen, founded by the Counts of Sulz in 1622. ”(LN, pp. 41 and 44).
Modern times
For the events in the area see: Events in Klettgau
- There is a tradition of a meeting in the Hirschen towards the end of the Thirty Years' War , when on April 6, 1647, when the "French Baumgarten Regiment [...] moved in, 1500 pounds of bread, 10 barrels of wine and 60 sacks of oats were delivered from Klettgau by the evening of the following day “Had to. At the meeting “the respective share of the individual parishes was determined” (LN, 135).
17th century
A sandstone coat of arms of Abbot Franz Chullot with the year 1642 from the front Trotte in Bechtersbohl (broken off in 1898) has been preserved and is now walled in at a residential building in the village.
In 1643, in the interest of the St. Blasien monastery, the Bechtersbohl innkeeper, Markus Mathis, is mentioned in a land rate record (LN, 86).
- "The line of on the eagle in Lauchringen seated, represented by the generations in public office Würtenberger born on Uli and Verena Würtenberger Mathis returns from Bechtersbohl and their 1658-born Bechtersbohl son Carl." (LN, 329).
“Bechtersbohl belongs to the Rheinheim parish. The local chapel, built in 1670, is dedicated to St. Martin consecrated. (11.11.) Above the entrance in the chapel is the Sulz-Brandis coat of arms from 1670. ”(Mayer, 207).
- Today's Schopf at the end of the village next to the descent into Heidengässchen (the Roman road) is said to have been a St. Blasian chapel in the past (information on site).
18th century
The disappeared Trotte zu Bechtersbohl is documented: “The parish-owned vineyard [the parish of Oberlauchringen, which for a long time incorporated the chaplains of Dangstetten, Küssenberg and Grießen], which thanks to the grace of the Sulzer counts was free of tithes and trott wine, was located between Bechtersbohl and Küßnach at the top of the manorial so-called Weißentrotte and next to the vines of the Berau Monastery | Berau Monastery. ”(Around 1720, LN, 396).
From 1727 to 1729, Bechtersbohler and Oberlauchringer fought over taxes that they each had to pay on their properties in the other district. (LN, 139 f.).
- 1797: in the so-called French coalition wars , "where we had to keep a few hundred men marching through", both villages argued about billing costs. (LN, 143).
19th century
“The climax of the dispute between Oberlauchringen and Bechtersbohl was a trial that lasted from 1806 to 1809. The point of contention was the right of the Bechtersbohler to graze on their own property, but located in the Obelauchringen area. [...] The Obelauchringers would only have sold the land to the Bechtersbohlers, but not the rights based on it. ”The dispute went into detail and almost led to a major brawl, whereby the Bechtersbohlers were convinced“ that only their level-headed demeanor was one bloody confrontation, for which the enemy was armed, would have prevented. "Finally, 'the government' brought about a judgment in which Oberlauchringen confirmed the right to graze in his area and the Bechtersbohlern was granted the right to use precisely defined corridors," but not to graze down to the plain. ”In addition,“ the leek wrestlers were granted the right to pasture on [their] Bechtersbohl property. The Bechtersbohl community appealed to the court in Bruchsal, but it was rejected for formal reasons. "(LN, 251 f.)
- In 1809, "a Taferne" is listed in Bechtersbohl in an official list. (LN, 354).
- In 1861 Barnabas Baschnagel was named as the deer innkeeper. (LN, 213)
- "In 1876 the so-called Burgsteige between Oberlauchringen and Bechtersbohl was corrected, to which both municipalities contributed to defuse the previously 15% incline, namely 'with official compulsion', as it was called". (LN, 274).
20th century
It is recorded that “in 1911 and 1938 two major fires broke out. […] In the World War 1914–1918 4 Bechtersbohlers (fell), while the World War 1939–1945 with 7 fallen and 3 missing tore palpable gaps in the family life of the small mountain community. […] The community had 230 inhabitants in 1956. ”(Chronik WT, 16).
In 1934 the path to Küssaburg was built, and the youth hostel was also built at that time. (LN, 628).
- Under National Socialism , the parish curate Oser from Unterlauchringen, who had already “received a warning for statements made during Lent in 1944”, obtained from the District Office [Waldshut] “that the young people, including altar boys, should attend a Whitsun meeting on the Küssaburg Should have the opportunity to attend the service in the little church of Bechtersbohl. ”The party “ threatened the clergyman with protective custody . In November 1944 [... he] was summoned to the Gestapo in Waldshut because of a speech on the occasion of the funeral of a BDM leader . He handed over keys and service files to Pastor Dietrich in Oberlauchringen and set off by bicycle from Baltersweil across the Swiss border to Rafz; was interned, was able to work in a community on Lake Geneva and was back in Unterlauchringen on June 2, 1945: "Oser [...] worked there for many years to be beneficial" (LN, 576 f.).
Community reform
In the run-up to the "reorganization of the communities" legislation, citizens' surveys were carried out on January 30, 1972. With the exception of Reckingen , the majority of the citizens in all towns voted for a merger.
"The municipality of Bechtersbohl refused to give up independence and to merge with the new municipality of Küssaberg in the meeting on February 23, 1972, because it was of the opinion that Bechtersbohl should be affiliated with the municipality of Lauchringen ." All other municipal councils - also from Reckingen - decided on December 4th and 5th, 1972 for the merger, which came into force on January 1st, 1973 without Bechtersbohl.
In the Bechtersbohl case, a citizens' hearing was held "which was carried out on January 20, 1974. At this hearing, 59 citizens voted for Küssaberg and 58 citizens for Lauchringen. ”The“ Law on the Conclusion of the Reorganization of the Municipalities of July 9, 1974 ”then determined the incorporation of Bechtersbohl on January 1, 1975.“ This is how the new municipality of Küssaberg is one 7 localities emerged. ”(Paul Stoll also counts Ettikon here).
In 1983 the long-time director of Lauffenmühle , Dr. Helmut Winkler , buried in the Bechtersbohl mountain cemetery. (LN, 637).
Remarks
- ^ HW Mayer (Hrsg.): Heimatbuch für den Amtsgebiet Waldshut , Verlag R. Philipp, Waldshut 1926, p. 207. The finds were probably lost along with many others in the 1944 bombing raid on Freiburg. The source is referred to as 'Mayer' in the following.
literature
- HW Mayer (Ed.): Home book for the district Waldshut , Verlag R. Philipp, Waldshut 1926.
- Hans Matt-Willmatt , Ed .: Waldshut district: Chronicle of the Waldshut district , Vocke-Verlag, Waldshut 1957.
- Egon Gersbach : Prehistory of the High Rhine. Finds and sites in the districts of Säckingen and Waldshut. (Catalog volume), Baden Fund reports. Special issue 11, Ed .: State Office for Pre- and Early History Freiburg and State Office for Monument Preservation, Dept. Pre- and Early History, Karlsruhe. Freiburg 1969.
- * Emil Müller-Ettikon : Brief overview of the history of Küssaberg , Ed .: Municipality of Küssaberg, Verlag H. Zimmermann, Waldshut 1981.
- Brigitte Matt-Willmatt, Karl-Friedricht Hoggenmüller: Lauchringen - Chronicle of a community , publisher: Lauchringen community, Lauchringen 1985.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Tina Prause: Joy about the donation , Alb-Bote, December 20, 2018.
- ↑ Egon Gersbach : Prehistory of the High Rhine. Finds and sites in the districts of Säckingen and Waldshut. (Catalog volume), Baden Fund reports. Special issue 11, Ed .: State Office for Pre- and Early History Freiburg and State Office for Monument Preservation, Dept. Pre- and Early History, Karlsruhe. Freiburg 1969, p. 126.
- ↑ Brigitte Matt-Willmatt, Karl-Friedricht Hoggenmüller: Lauchringen - Chronik einer Gemeinde , Hrsg .: Gemeinde Lauchringen, Lauchringen 1985, p. 41. In the following the source is called Chronik Lauchringen = 'LN'.
- ↑ Hans Matt-Willmatt , Ed .: Landkreis Waldshut: Chronik des Kreis Waldshut , Vocke-Verlag, Waldshut 1957, p. 16. In the following the source is referred to as 'Chronik WT'.
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 523 .
- ^ Paul Stoll: Küssaberg today , in: E. Müller-Ettikon: Brief overview of the history of Küssaberg , Ed .: Municipality of Küssaberg, H. Zimmermann Verlag, Waldshut 1981, pp. 7 to 13.
Bechtersbohl | Dangstetten | Ettikon | Kadelburg | Küßnach | Reckingen | Rheinheim