Küßnach
Küßnach or Küssnach is a district of the Baden-Württemberg community Küssaberg in Klettgau in the district of Waldshut . The coat of arms indicates the former importance of viticulture.
Geography and structure
Küßnach is located below the Küssaburg in the valley of the Hinterbach , still called Schlauchenbächle , which was once called Küßach . The Alkenhof , the Hauackerhof, Markhof, Rohrhof and Stüdlehof with a total area of 514 ha belong to Küßnach . Today the place belongs to the municipality of Küssaberg , but was part of the 'original parish' of Hohentengen for centuries . Küssnach was historically closely connected to the Küssaburg. A path leads from the village to the hill with the castle.
Küßnach can be reached via a junction from the L 161 state road between Bechtersbohl and Dangstetten .
(See also: Brief tourist description )
Naming
The names of the castle and the village are “Komposita” (compound names): The basic word Küßnach - “with -bach or -ach / -a as the second component points to the migration period or even earlier . [...] It wouldn't be pointless to operate there with Celtic names. "
With -ach as the ending (for 'flowing water') it depends on the reference word, which usually points to a family name or a person: Here references to the personal name Kusso , in the genitive Kussin apply . Germanic: Kussinaha.
Extended by the basic word -berg, a three-part compound: Kussin-ach-berg . Simplified by the fact that the middle link disappears: Kussinberg (compare 1168 Chussenberc ). 1216 Chussachperg and 1239 Kussaberg .
A second version derives from the personal name 'Cossinius':
- Local research Emil Müller-Ettikon : “On the Küssenberg sat a Celt who called himself Cossinius, a gender name that is attested several times. He also named the village of Küßnach. The -ach does not come from the Germanic aha = ah, which means flowing water [...], but is the Celtic suffix -akos, Latin akum, which expresses possession, belonging to a person. "
- Jürgen Trumm (archaeologist), 2002: In the case of place names north of the High Rhine, a possible pre-German origin on the part of linguistics is only discussed for Gurtweil ( curtis villa with reference to the Roman settlement Schlößlebuck ), Rafz and Küßnach opposite Zurzach. In the latter case, B. Boesch suspects - as with Küßnacht on Lake Zurich or Küßnacht on Lake Lucerne - a Gallo-Roman place name with the possible derivation of fundus Cossiniacus [court of Cossinius].
Viticulture
In the 9th century (892) viticulture is mentioned in Küßnach and Bechtersbohl :
"The hard-drinking gentlemen on the Küssaburg set great store by a good Schloßberg wine and did not drink any 'suspected' wine, but a wine that God made it grow"
The viticulture is attested again in a document for a donation to the Rheinau monastery: "Johannes in dem Bach, chaplain to Tiengen, awarded a vineyard near Küßnach in 1341."
“In 1711, the Berau monastery purchased 20 hem , 1 bucket and 7 Maß for tithe wine . The hem wine was at that time 5 guilders 15 kreuzers. According to a handwritten chronicle, a very good drop grew around the Küssenberg. ”The vines in the“ Herren wingert ”have belonged to the castle estate since ancient times, and later to the Bläsmischen [to the monastery of St. Blasien (Black Forest) ] Berau provost .
"In 1800 the Herrenwingert bordered on Philipp Württemberger, the miller's son, Xaver Ruch widow, Johann Hauser and Xaver Brem, tailor."
The scale for wine was redefined in the Grand Duchy of Baden in 1829 : Fuder = 1500 liters, Ohm = 150 liters, support = 15 liters, measure = 1.5 liters. In 1844, Küssnach owned the fourth largest vineyard area in the Waldshut district with 73 Jauchert (after Waldshut with 155, Dogern 91 and Dangstetten with 76 Jauchert). 1 Jauchert corresponds to approximately 0.3 ha. In the wine-income Küßnach will have been in that period was about 70,000 liters. "The wine from Homburg achieved a peak value of 21 guilders (per ohm ) ahead of Bechtersbohl, Küßnach and Wutöschingen with 17 guilders each." In 1870, Küssnach still had a vineyard area of over 18 hectares .
history
Since no archaeological investigations have ever taken place in Küßnach, no prehistoric or Roman findings are known. Only the naming suggests a settlement in Celtic times.
Early days
The courtyard of Chusso or Cossinius in the back of the valley had quick access to the mountain and there ramparts with palisades offered the residents protection. Today's valley road didn't exist back then, because the stream was still a strong body of water and there was a lake in the depression in front of Dangstetten . The old ways from Küßnach led north of the valley to the pass near today's Bechtersbohl or south past today's village of Dangstetten in the direction of Rheinheim to the Roman legion camp and the old army road over the Upper Rhine . In January 2018, a coin with an image of Emperor Tiberius was found near the village , which, according to initial findings , was minted in Lugdunum (Lyon) in 22 AD .
middle Ages
“Küßnach [as Chüssach ] is mentioned for the first time in the documents of the Rheinau monastery in 876. At that time Gaugraf Gotsbert donated the place with all rights to the monastery. In the 12th century, Küßnach belonged to the Küssaburg estate. During the subsequent episcopal rule , Küßnach was combined with the villages of Dangstetten, Reckingen, Rheinheim and later Bechtersbohl under the name 'Küssenberg Castle and Valley'. So the village came to Count Rudolf and Wolf Hermann von Sulz in 1497. "
Modern times
In 1633 the plague raged. During the destruction of the Küssaburg , the town was also hit: "On March 8th [1634] Küßnach was robbed." The depiction leaves open whether it was Sweden or the retreating imperial castle garrison.
Between 1630 and 1750 floor ore mining in Klettgau experienced its greatest boom. [...] The best and most of the common ore from the entire deposit in Klettgau was supplied by the so-called "ore boiler" from Küßnach.
Historical population
"In an interest list from Oberlauchringen between 1666 and 1670, the families Würtenberger, Wagemann, Sutter, Trüllinger, Burkhardt, Schäuble, Meyenhofer, including Mathis Wagemann, called the Wild."
The Alkenhof was called "formerly Halkheimer Hof" and was "until the 16th century its own district with Zwing und Bann and Herrengut, which was lent to Hofmayer (then district Küßnach)."
- 1444 Bilgeri von Heudorf owner of the Vogtei 'Halkhen', since 1435 Vogt of the Bishop of Constance on the Küssaburg, sells it to the Waldshut citizen Hans Gujahr, Junker ( belonging to the von Ofteringen family).
- In 1504 Hans Hartmann Meier was at the Alkenhof.
- In 1505 Hans Ulrich Gutjahr, mayor of Waldshut, sold the Alkenhof to Heine Trüllinger and Theißmann Würtenberger von Küßnach.
- In 1575 Ulrich and Klaus Wagemann and Martin Theißmann are mentioned as Hofmeier.
- Around 1800 the Würtenberger (Anton and Xaver Würtenberger) mentioned as farmers on the Alkenhof.
- In 1898 the Alkenhof was bought by the Waldshut Agricultural District Association, leased to the Waldshut breeding cooperative and the pasture opened in 1899 (at that time the farm owner Karl Gantert von Horheim , before him a Lienemann); to summer cattle pasture 1914 foal pasture.
- 1913 to the Amann von Birkingen family , which in 1938 became the von der Bad estate. Landessiedlung Karlsruhe bought. At that time it was 47 hectares.
- Currently owned by Werner Röck.
20th century
In 1909 and 1956 the hose
brook caused "severe flood damage." 7 Küßnachers died in World War 1914-18. The World War of 1939–45 claimed 7 dead and 6 missing.
In 1955 the new school in Küßnach was completed.
On January 1, 1973, Küßnach was incorporated into the new municipality of Küssaberg .
present
Today there is still agriculture, a horse farm and the well-known, traditional restaurant Küssaberg in the predominantly residential community. The ore boiler of Küßnach is a pre-industrial monument of mining history . There are seasonal tours to the orchid meadow .
religion
The "original church" of Hohentengen, the foundations of which were found after the church fire in 1954, dates back to the Carolingian era , certainly as early as the 9th century. The “original parish of Thengen” included “at least 16 parishes left and right of the Rhine”, including “Küssnach including the Küssenberg.” With the exception of the four surrounding villages of Hohentengen, “all the other parishes left the parish over time, most recently Küssnach 1966. “After Herbert Fuchs sen. The reason for this was the "State School Reform 1965". Until 1927 the deceased were also buried in Küßnach in Hohentengen.
"The the St. Anthony ( Memorial Day June 13) consecrated chapel was renovated 1954th Above the entrance it bears the coat of arms of the Counts of Sulz - Brandis . The year 1687 commemorates the death of the last Landgrave Johann Ludwig von Sulz. "
The ore boiler
Limonit.jpg)
The mining for Bohnerz probably goes back "to the prehistoric times of the Celts." The first document mentioned in 1586 was the abandonment of an iron smelter by Count von Sulz due to a lack of wood near Jestetten.
background
“The best and most of the common ore from the entire deposit in Klettgau came from the so-called ore boiler of Küßnach. The ore from Küßnach must once have been so excellent that it was added to the iron ore of other deposits when it was smelted in order to improve their quality. "
In 1701 the Sulzer sovereigns began regular deliveries from the ore boiler to the iron smelter in Albbruck. The mined ore was carted to the ore square near Rheinheim, washed there and from here “mostly seduced by the Schaffhausen boatmen's guild (fishing guild) 'comfortably on the back of the Rhine to Albbruck.'” Only the Ettikoner Lauffen was dangerous - it went there on May 17th In 1742 a waidling with ore on a rock sank and the boatman from Kadelburg drowned.
Ore mining
The kettle is about 60 meters deep and 18 meters wide.
“The ore boiler in the hose stream valley near Küßnach lies in a funnel-shaped slope. The ore mine quickly filled with water in heavy rain. Soon the ditch from the shaft was so large that it was completely impossible to lower it further. [...] At the end of the 18th century, the idea came up to drive a drainage tunnel through the hard Jurassic rock into the ore boiler from the bottom of the valley in order to mine the ore from below. "
A shaft (the so-called upper tunnel ) was driven into the mountain, which, however, led to the east "completely next to the basin and much too far into the mountain". When this “mistake” was noticed, after two thirds of this distance a “cross passage to the left was made from behind into the ore boiler. [...] Now the rich ore deposits could finally be drained through the access tunnel and Küßnach remained the most important supplier for the ironworks in Albbruck . "
In 1791, however, the Küßnacher Müller complained “that the mining activity had silted up the hose stream and made the operation of his mill almost impossible. Soon afterwards, the ore boiler hit from behind must have collapsed, which made further recovery impossible. "
Second phase of dismantling
After the dissolution of the counties and the establishment of Baden in 1806, the new government made efforts to systematically develop mineral resources and thus collect taxes. “To this end, a mining inspection in Klettgau was set up in Tiengen, which was subordinate to the state ironworks administration in Albbruck.” Prospecting licenses were given to interested citizens.
“The brothers Friedrich and Johann Baptist Trötschler [...] also applied for a prospecting license in 1839 so that they could dig for iron ore in the Küßnach district. [...] Trötschler had a new cross passage break out of the same tunnel into the front of the ore boiler. As it turned out, however, the ore deposit was almost mined to this height. [... He] therefore began [to] drive a new, even deeper tunnel from the bottom of the valley into the mountain. "
1840, however, was the state ironworks already in search of ore reserves and noted that "the dilapidated buildings in Erzkessel at Küßnach were already occupied by competitors Trötschler from deep stone." In the whol. Bath. The highly praiseworthy direction of the Forst Domaine und Bergwerke in Karlsruhe decided that “'a prospect's license in no way allows the right to win, but only to search for unknown deposits.' Trötschler, who in the meantime had driven the lower tunnel about eight meters, had to clear the field without compensation. ”The“ deep tunnel ”that had already been started was now driven into the ore boiler by the Badische Hüttenverwaltung to a total length of about 76 meters from 1841.
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“But with the opening of the railway from Basel to Waldshut (1856) cheap iron came from the Rhineland to the Upper Rhine. This marked the beginning of the decline of the iron and steel works in Albbruck (1866), thus also for the ore boiler near Küßnach. The yield up to then had a volume of over 15,000 cubic meters of raw material. "
After the First World War, "floor ore mining in Klettgau experienced its last brief revival (from May 1918)." The investigations were discontinued on February 19, 1922, "because the storage conditions did not permit profitable mining."
Quality of the ore
In 1870, the geologist Franz Joseph Würtenberger from Dettighofen wrote an article in a specialist journal about the occurrence of Küßnach: This boiler ...
“... was filled with round ore spheres of at least the size of a fist or a head [...] These ores consist of a fine, dense, homogeneous, black-blue mass without a shell structure and disintegrate under a hammer under shell-like fractures into cutting sharp pieces. […] These ores are distinguished from the common ground ores of the area by larger beans, or rather spheres, a higher specific gravity, more iron content (over 50%), different structure, deeper deposits. "
The ore boiler today
"On September 21, 2002, the Küssaberger Naturschutzgruppe opened a three-kilometer hiking trail, the 'Erzgrubenweg'." It leads as a circular trail from Mühleweier at the eastern end of the village (accessible in both directions) to the hill through protected flower meadows ( Küßnach orchid meadow ) and through the Lauchbachtal. Information boards can be found in both areas. There is access from above to the ore boiler and past the barred entrances to the upper gallery and the deep gallery .
According to Falkenstein, "the front part of the upper ore tunnel [...] is still easily accessible today", at the branch to the front cross passage it is "buried except for a small loophole" (2002). The deep tunnel is "completely silted up by the draining water" due to an old earth slide.
Yards
On the ridge in front of the Küssaburg as well as from the village east over the pass of the Hungerberg on the slope towards Bergöschingen, there are numerous farms in the Küßnach district:
Alkenhof Also
won: Alkheimer Holz - earlier also: Heilichain (1308), Halkamer Hof (1576), Halker Wiesen (1804):
“The name goes back to the old German word alah, which means sanctuary. In the spelling from 1308 we recognize a translation into newer German: Heiliger Hain. So the Alkenhof was undoubtedly a late pagan cult site. "
Local partnership
Long before community partnerships were established, Küßnach had already entered into a local partnership:
“The Küssaberg district of Küssnach has been friends with Küssnacht am Rigi for 54 years . A special meeting took place in the smallest part of the municipality of Küssaberg [end of May 2018]: Paul Bürk (84), who was a council clerk at the time when Küssnach was still an independent municipality, was visited by Ruedi Steinegger (88) from Küssnacht on the Rigi. [...] The two seniors were actively involved in establishing the partnership between the two places in 1963 and are the last living witnesses of the friendship that developed at that time. "
Today the friendships go beyond the borders of Küssnach. There are mutual visits to clubs and delegations to special events with the entire community of Küssaberg.
people
Karl Friedrich Würtenberger came from a family from Küßnach as the son of Xaver Würtenberger and his wife Magdalena nee. Klein was born on December 12, 1838 in Zurich. After training as a banker, he worked in various European countries and settled in St. Petersburg with his wife Anna. He became an honorary member of the Russian Academy and an honorary citizen of St. Petersburg. There he wrote and published the verse epic Elsbeth von Küssaberg . In 1900 he had to leave Russia “because of the political conflicts in the collapsing tsarist system”. He settled in Küßnach and died there on July 3, 1911. His son Karl August Würtenberger (1868–1957) with his wife Daisy kept the memory of his father alive - in 1962 Karl Friedrich Würtenberger and other artists from the area were honored in the inn Küssaberg set up a “home parlor” with paintings, photographs and documents.
"As a local writer, Karl Friedrich Würtenberger dedicated a number of valuable works to the community of Küßnach."
CV and list of his works - see: Karl Friedrich Würtenberger . To the Würtenberger family
Remarks
- ↑ A foundation with a Germanic place name, composed of a “personal name (eg 'Chusso') and a water body name with the suffix -ach (for water)” does not exclude Trumm. (J. Trumm: The Roman Age Settlement on the Eastern High Rhine , No. 63, Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart 2002, p. 224.) J. Trumm cites as sources u. a .: St. Sonderegger The place names , in: Prehistoric and early historical archeology of Switzerland. VI. Das Frühmittelalter, (Basel 1979), pp. 70–96. and B. Boesch: The names of the waters of the Lake Constance area. Contribution z. Name research NF 16, 1981, pp. 23-39. Research in the Swiss neighborhood supports this interpretation: "The name Küssnacht is derived from a Latin personal name such as Cossinius, Cossonius, Cusin (n) ius or similar, as well as the Celtic place-name ending -akos / -acum and thus means 'country estate of Cossinius' . The place name goes back to a time when the Celtic population began to use Latin personal names. ”( Lexicon of Swiss community names. Ed. By the Center de Dialectologie at the University of Neuchâtel under the direction of Andres Kristol. Frauenfeld / Lausanne 2005, p 53 & 492. In: Jürgen Trumm: The Roman Age Settlement on the Eastern High Rhine , 2002, p. 224.).
literature
- In 1889 Karl Friedrich Würtenberger's epic appeared: Elsbeth von Küssaberg . Project Gutenberg's Elsbeth von Küssaberg
- The chronicle of the Waldshut district. The house and home book of the district of Waldshut. Ed .: District Waldshut, preface by District Administrator Wilfried Schäfer. Edited by Hans Matt-Willmatt , Vocke-Verlag, Waldshut 1957.
- Emil Müller-Ettikon, J. Hirt-Elmer, K. Wernet in: The Klettgau. Ed .: Mayor Franz Schmidt on behalf of the city of Tiengen (Upper Rhine), 1971.
- Norbert Nothelfer (ed.): The district of Waldshut. 1979.
- Emil Müller-Ettikon : A brief overview of the history of Küssaberg. Ed .: Municipality of Küssaberg, Verlag H. Zimmermann, Waldshut 1981.
- Albrecht Greule: names of waters in the district of Waldshut. In: Heimat am Hochrhein 1985, Südkurier Verlag, Konstanz 1984.
- Hubert Matt-Willmatt and Klaus Isele (eds.): Die Würtenberger. Three poets from the Klettgau. Edition Klaus Isele, Eggingen 1986. ISBN 3-925016-16-3 .
- Waldemar Lutz and Hansjörg Noe (eds.): Identifier WT Heimatkunde for the district of Waldshut , Reinhard Caspers (Mithrsg.), 1989, ISBN 3-12-258330-5 .
- Franz Falkenstein: From the Bohner ore in Klettgau and the ore boiler of Küßnach. In: Land between the Upper Rhine and the southern Black Forest. Ed .: Geschichtsverein Hochrhein eV, Waldshut 2002.
Individual evidence
- ^ Albrecht Greule: names of waters in the district of Waldshut. 1984, pp. 87/88.
- ^ A. Greule: names of waters in the district of Waldshut. 1984, pp. 93/94.
- ^ Emil Müller-Ettikon : What the names reveal about the development of the settlements. In: The Klettgau. Ed .: Mayor Franz Schmidt on behalf of the city of Tiengen / Hochrhein, 1971, p. 61.
- ↑ J. Hirt-Elmer: The importance of the Rheinau monastery for the Klettgau. In: The Klettgau. Ed .: Mayor Franz Schmidt on behalf of the city of Tiengen / Hochrhein, 1971, p. 112.
- ↑ Quotes from: The Chronicle of the Waldshut District. Ed .: District Waldshut, preface by District Administrator Wilfried Schäfer. Edited by Hans Matt-Willmatt, Vocke-Verlag, Waldshut 1957, p. 58.
- ↑ Information and quote: Paul Eisenbeis: When Waldshut was still an important vine community. In: Land between the Upper Rhine and the southern Black Forest. Ed .: Geschichtsverein Hochrhein, Waldshut 1994, p. 38 f.
- ↑ Hans Matt-Willmatt , Die Küssaburg, Landmark of the Landscape In: Schöne Heimat am Hochrhein P. 12. 1967
- ↑ a b c d The chronicle of the Waldshut district. Ed .: District Waldshut, preface by District Administrator Wilfried Schäfer. Edited by Hans Matt-Willmatt, Vocke-Verlag, Waldshut 1957, p. 58.
- ↑ K. Wernet: The Thirty Years' War between Germany and France. In: The Klettgau. Ed .: Franz Schmid on behalf of the city of Tiengen (Upper Rhine), 1971, p. 206.
- ^ Franz Falkenstein: From the Bohner ore in Klettgau and the ore boiler of Küßnach. In: Land between the Upper Rhine and the southern Black Forest. Ed .: Geschichtsverein Hochrhein eV, Waldshut 2002, p. 139 f.
- ^ Brigitte Matt-Willmatt in Hubert Matt-Willmatt / Klaus Isele: Die Würtenberger. Edition Klaus Isele, Waldshut 1986, p. 269.
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 505 . .
- ↑ Herbert Fuchs sen., Hohentengen: The Church of Our Lady of Hohentengen. In: Land between the Upper Rhine and the southern Black Forest. Ed .: Geschichtsverein Hochrhein, Waldshut 2002, p. 93 ff.
- ^ Franz Falkenstein: Vom Bohnerz in Klettgau and the ore boiler near Küßnach. In: Land between the Upper Rhine and the southern Black Forest. Geschichtsverein Hochrhein, Waldshut 2002, p. 139. This and the following information and quotations also from Falkenstein, pp. 140 to 149.
- ^ Franz Falkenstein: Vom Bohnerz in Klettgau and the ore boiler near Küßnach. , Waldshut 2002, p. 143 f.
- ^ FJ Würtenberger: The tertiary formation in Klettgau. In: Journal of the German Geological Society, 3rd issue, XXII vol, Berlin 1870, pp. 495–496.
- ^ Franz Falkenstein: Vom Bohnerz in Klettgau and the ore boiler near Küßnach. , Waldshut 2002, pp. 143 to 147.
- ^ Emil Müller-Ettikon : Brief overview of the history of Küssaberg. Ed .: Municipality of Küssaberg, Verlag H. Zimmermann, Waldshut 1981, p. 154.
- ↑ Südkurier: Küssnacht meets Küssnach .
- ^ Hubert Matt-Willmatt / Klaus Isele: The Würtenberger. 1986, p. 206.
Bechtersbohl | Dangstetten | Ettikon | Kadelburg | Küßnach | Reckingen | Rheinheim
Coordinates: 47 ° 36 ' N , 8 ° 22' E