Berau Monastery
| Berau Monastery | |||
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 Supraporte in Bürgeln Castle
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| medal | Benedictine women | ||
| founding year | around 1110 | ||
| Cancellation / year | 1803 | ||
| Start-up | new order | ||
| location | |||
| country | Germany | ||
| region | Baden-Württemberg | ||
| place | Ühlingen-Birkendorf district of Berau | ||
| Geographical location | 47 ° 41 ' N , 8 ° 15' E | ||
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| Location in Baden-Württemberg | |||
The Berau monastery was a former Benedictine monastery . It was located in the Berau district of the community of Ühlingen-Birkendorf in the Black Forest in the Waldshut district . It should not be confused with the Berau provost's office .
founding
Abbot Caspar I. writes in his chronicle: At the time of St. Blasian Abbot Rustans (1108–1125) the knight Gottfried von Berau lived on the Berauer Berg. He gave all of his possessions to the St. Blasien Monastery (Black Forest) . That happened around 1110. Around 1130, the inclusion and sister Agnes von Berau lived here . From 1240 to 1247 Arnold I von Berau was abbot in St. Blasien.
The women's monastery in St. Blasien was moved to Berau by Abbot Rusten in 1112 and remained there for seven centuries. Bernherus von Basel is named as the master builder. The first monastery church of St. Nikolaus was consecrated on July 4, 1117 by Bishop Bruno von Trier . The monastery (and the extended church) St. Nikolaus was consecrated in 1147 by Bishop Hermann von Konstanz . The Berau monastery received its first papal confirmations in 1120 by Calixt II , in 1140 by Innocent II , in 1157 by Hadrian IV , and in 1178 by Alexander III. In 1126 it was confirmed by King Lothar . The monastery experienced its heyday under the abbots Berthold I and Gunther von St. Blasien. In 1157 belong the church of Berau and Neunkirch , and since 1179 the church of Schwerzen zu Berau. In addition to the Dinghof in Berau, the monastery had a Dinghof in Thayngen and in 1307 the Dinghof Lütisloh in Horheim is called a Dingrodel . Noble ladies took the veil (they went to a monastery), so among others widow Ita von Kaltenbach, whose husband, Werner von Kaltenbach founded the provost of Bürgeln , and Luitgard von Bogen . Originally the Vogtrecht belonged to the Lords of Eschenbach. Agnes von Eschenbach was married to Count Mangold von Nellenburg , he sold the Vogtrecht for 135 marks silver in 1448 to the family in the town of Schaffhausen. In 1478 St. Blasien acquired all rights.
Berau belonged to the division of the empire of Charlemagne to Alpgau in order to Landgraviate Stühlingen . In 1612 Abbot Martin I of St. Blasien acquired the rule from Imperial Hereditary Marshal Maximilian von Pappenheim . After the destruction of Gutenburg Castle (1640), Berau became part of the Upper Bailiwick of Gurtweil Castle . The monastery burned down several times but was renewed again and again through donations from the surrounding nobility, so the Krenkinger , the Im Thurn , the von Schellenberg , the von Grießen , the Counts of Lupfen and von Reischach , benefactors of the monastery were no more than 40 nuns was allowed to accommodate (1370).
The women's monastery, also known as the Lower Propstei , of the Order of St. Augustine , located in neighboring Riedern am Wald next to the Riedern am Wald monastery , shines through around 1200 thanks to Countess Mechthilde von Toggenburg , who was a spiritual playmate of Agnes in the Berau cloister .
Fires
The monastery burned down for the first time in 1189 and was rebuilt by Abbot Mangold . Bishop Diethelm consecrated the new building in 1193. The high altar carried the wooden figure of St. Nicholas, now in the Basel Historical Museum . This building existed until March 9, 1267 when a fire in the kitchen destroyed the building again.
The monastery mainly owned in the Wutachtal and Klettgau , centered in Schwerzen (viticulture) and Horheim, where the Dinghof Lütislo was first mentioned in 1307 . In 1317 Abbot Ulrich limited the admission to 40 nuns.
In 1349 a toboggan was set up for administration purposes , and the St. Blasien monastery continued to intervene in the following centuries. In 1442 the monastery burned down again, and in 1456 and 1467 it also burned. In 1468, during the Waldshut War , it was looted and only restored to its old size in 1550. Multiple destruction also took place during the Thirty Years' War. The church and the cloister were rebuilt in 1583, the tower of the monastery church was built in 1589, but several bells were still missing, so the monastery had three bells cast, according to a local legend, the bells were consecrated in 1605 by the Bishop of Constance. In 1644, Abbot Franz issued new statutes that primarily concerned clothing. In 1663 the monastery burned down again, only the nave remained standing. Again new bells were needed, Abbot Franz had them made by the Lorraine bell founder Mollod . Now the monastery existed until July 4th, 1711 when it burned down completely again at around 11 a.m. due to spontaneous combustion of fresh hay.
Baroque new facility
During the reign of Abbot Augustinus Fink , Caspar Moosbrugger created a plan for new buildings. The shell structures were completed as early as autumn 1711. The monastery was also expanded to include a “push”. In 1715 the monastery church was consecrated anew under Master Gertrud von Beck zu Willmendingen and Head Magdalena Tröndlin von Greiffenegg . A supraport in Bürgeln Castle shows the facility. On December 5, 1715, at the request of the convent, the enclosure under Abbot Augustin was re-introduced. In 1771, Prince Abbot Martin expanded the enclosure to include Perpetual Adoration . Another fire broke out in 1791, but only affected the stables and barn, which were renewed in 1792. In 1796 the convent and the archives fled to the Klingnau provost .
Repeal
Due to the Peace of Lunéville and as compensation for the Order of Malta , the Secret Council of Mandel took provisional possession of the building in 1803 on behalf of Archduke Karl and the Order of Teutonic Knights . This seemed to secure the existence and extensive renovation work was carried out in 1805.
20 nuns and 6 lay sisters still lived in Berau, in 1834 there were still 9 nuns. Grand Duke Leopold declared the monastery closed in July 1834, and the last left the monastery on September 15, 1834. The total value of the Berau monastery was estimated at 315,559 gulden (one gulden was about one gold mark ). In 1806 the monastery still owned vineyards and wine tithes in Schwerzen and Bechtersbohl . Further vineyards in Gurtweil and in Breisgau, also property in many places between Reiselfingen to Steinenbühl , plus fishing rights in the Schwarza , Mettma and Fohrenbach. The inventory was auctioned on May 11, 1835. The former monastery church was auctioned off for demolition, the copper tower knob was put on the tower of the parish church in Gurtweil and the organ was brought to the monastery church of the Pauline monastery in Bonndorf , where it burned down with the rest of the former monastery buildings in 1842. In 1846 the empty buildings in Berau burned down, in 1847 what was left was demolished.
As early as 1811, the decision was made to keep the parish church of St. Pankratius , as it was a little closer to the town. The previous building was inaugurated in 1098 by Bishop Gerhard von Konstanz. In 1588 it was renovated by Abbot Caspar II . Between 1630 and 1631 Abbot Blasius II built a new building, the second patron saint was St. Oswald . In 1853 the church burned down to the choir vault and the outer walls. The parish church is a red sandstone building (red sandstone from Hallau and Schleitheim ) from the years 1853 to 1856. The bones of Agnes von Berau were moved in 1994 to the chancel below the St. Mary's window.
Legend
When the pious Luitgard von Wittichen , with her sisters von Tiengen, wanted to go through a dark forest (Gewann Finsterloh) to the Berau monastery, they met a band of robbers who tried to rob them with mockery and meanness, but Luitgard called God and the sovereign ( Zähringer ) as witnesses of their good deeds, and through their pious speech and sermon the murderers soon abandoned them, repented and escorted them to the Berau monastery.
coat of arms
The knights of Berau had three black bear heads in their coat of arms. The lords of Sellenbüren also carried the bear head coat of arms , Reginbert von Seldenbüren is considered the founder of the St. Blasien monastery.
literature
- Hans Matt-Willmatt , Berau Mayor's Office (ed.), Berau in the southern Black Forest , 1969.
- Albert Abbreviation , The District District or the former Sanctuary Empire Bonndorf , 1861, digitized
- Paul Booz , architectural and art history of the St. Blasien monastery and its domain . Schillinger, Freiburg 2001, ISBN 3-89155-264-5
- Rudolf Metz , geological studies of the Hotzenwald with excursions in its old mining areas. Schauenburg, Lahr 1980, ISBN 3-7946-0174-2
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ Südkurier: Schöne Heimat am Hochrhein , pictures of people and their work, 1967, pp. 40–42
- ↑ Albert Abbreviations, The District District or the former Sanktblasische Reichsherrschaft Bonndorf , 1861, p. 161
Web links
- Benedictine monastery Berau in the database of monasteries in Baden-Württemberg of the Baden-Württemberg State Archives
St. Blasien: Monastery of St. Blasien | Berau: Berau Monastery | Riedern am Wald: Monastery Riedern am Wald | Bonndorf in the Black Forest: Paulinerkloster Bonndorf | Jestetten: Berg Tabor Monastery | Bad Säckingen: Damenstift Säckingen | Waldshut: Capuchin Monastery Waldshut | Ibach (Black Forest): Neuenzell Monastery (Unteribach) | Grafenhausen: Monastery of St. Fides Grafenhausen