Schwerzen
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Schwerzen
community Wutoeschingen
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| Height : | 383 m |
| Residents : | 1102 (Jun. 30, 2011) |
| Incorporation : | 1st January 1975 |
| Postal code : | 79793 |
| Area code : | 07746 |
The village of Schwerzen is a district of the municipality of Wutöschingen with 1102 inhabitants (as of June 30, 2011) in the district of Waldshut in Baden-Württemberg .
geography
structure
Schwerzen includes the villages of Schwerzen and Willmendingen and the Bohlhof farmstead , and the Schweikhof desert , now a clearing .
Geographical location
Schwerzen is located on the eastern edge of the southern Black Forest in Klettgau at 377 m above sea level. NN on a gravel terrace below the Bohlhof and the Semberg on the Wutach, which is now tamed by a protective dam .
geology
The oldest rocks emerging on the surface at the foot of Bohlhof come from the Black Jura , the Arietenkalk Formation and the Gryphaeensandstein Formation , whereby the deeper layers have numerous belemnites . These are overlaid by the iron-containing (reddish soil color) of the Humphriesioolite formation , which is developed on the plateau of Bohlhof. The summit of the Semberg consists of Nagelfluh , on the southern slope there are some Abri , also in the Nagelfluh. At the end of the valley is the Hermannshöhle, which is less of a cave than a hole in the ground a few meters deep, also in the Nagelfluh.
history
Early history
On the Semberg there are remains of a Fliehburg, the Wallburg Semberg . There are also remains of a rampart on the Schloßbückle .
"In the municipal collection in Freiburg there is a bronze rod that was found in the Wutach."
Middle Ages
Schwerzen is mentioned for the first time in the Rotulus Sanpetrinus (documents of the monastery of St. Peter ) with an Adelbertus de Swerce around 1122. Willmendingen is first mentioned as Wilmundengen in a copy book of the St. Blasien monastery in 1285 .
“In 1167 it was called Swerzin, 1347 Swertzun and 1350 Schwertzen. […] Schwerzen was the seat of a noble family in the earliest times. Adelbertus, Arnoldus and 1135 a 'Guntram de Swerzin' are mentioned in a document. In the 12th century, the Berau monastery (daughter cell of St. Blasien) had property and rights here. The church of Schwerzen is mentioned as early as 1157. The parish was one of the oldest in the area; it originally belonged to the Dean's Office Thengen ( Hohentengen ) and was incorporated into the Diocese of Constance since 1275 . In 1473 Diethelm von Krenkingen sold Bishop Otto von Konstanz with Tiengen his rights to the church set (church fund) in Schwerzen. "
Rulership of Wutental
Since the rulers (aristocratic families), which were still predominantly local in the 12th and 13th centuries, grouped their territories as uniformly as possible, the (today's) places Schwerzen, Willmendingen, Horheim , Lüttisloh (today's "courtyards" near Horheim), Wutöschingen and Ofteringen were dated Aristocratic family of the Krenkingers connected to the "Herrschaft Wutental".
A special feature was that the Wutach marked the border between the Albgau and the Klettgau since Carolingian times , which thus ran through the middle of the Wutental estate. Horheim (and Lüttisloh) and Ofteringen belonged to the Albgau and later to the Landgraviate of Stühlingen , while Schwerzen, Willmendingen and Wutöschingen belonged to the Landgraviate of Klettgau .
The consequence was that Wutental remained separate under the respective sovereignty (and the associated high jurisdiction ), while the lower jurisdiction was divided from village to village under numerous small 'lords' (including monasteries) and also often changed.
The Krenkinger sold the rule in 1361 to the lords of Hohenfels , who lived in Linzgau , and they sold them in 1410 to the nobles von Rumlang , who came from Zurichgau . The rule was named Wutental for the first time. The rule came from Ulrich von Rumlang in 1488 by buying it to Heinrich I. von Lupfen.
From the end of the 15th century there was a protracted territorial dispute over Wutental between the Stühlinger Counts of Lupfen and the Klettgau Counts of Sulz . It only ended when, after the Lupfeners died out in 1582, the imperial Hereditary Marshal Maximilian von Pappenheim, who succeeded the Lupfeners , sold the part claimed by the Stühlingen in 1603 to the Klettgau Landgrave Karl Ludwig zu Sulz . After the Sulzer family died out in 1687, Wutental (including the entire Klettgau) came to the princes of Schwarzenberg .
“Under the administration of the Schwarzenbergs, Ober- and Unterlauchringen with the Lauffenmühle and Degernau were assigned to the [...] dominion of Wuten- or Wutach Valley. […] In 1783 the previous four offices of Tiengen, Jestetten , Klettgau and Wutental were abolished and the upper offices of Tiengen (with Ober and Unterlauchringen) and Jestetten were created as new administrative districts. "
After the Napoleonic reorganization of southern Germany towards far more extensive rulers, the offices were opened in 1806/1812 in the Grand Duchy of Baden .
Willmendingen
A separate office building (such as in Bettmaringen ) and as was usual in the other offices, was not built in the Wutenamt.
Since 1607 the barons von Beck owned the place Willmendingen as a ( man ) fief . They built Willmendinger Castle for themselves . In the previous building, “a freelance nobility once lived. Later it became the seat of a Lieutenancy of the Rheinau Monastery , which had numerous properties in the area. […] Franz Xaver von Beck, Sardinian colonel, sold Willmendingen to the Prince of Schwarzenberg in 1803 for 52,650 guilders. [...] After the [First World] War, Willmendingen Castle was bought by the state for school purposes and passed on to the Schwerzen community. "
Post-war period
From 1948 to 1955, the Badische Bauernschule was located in Schwerzen in a former labor service barrack . Before the war, the farmer's school was founded in Ittendorf Castle on November 22, 1931 by several associations under Lambert Schill as the “Badische Bauernschule” association . In 1933 it was forcibly dissolved and re-established in Schwerzen after the Second World War. With the 4th main course in 1955, the company moved to a spacious new building on the Vitibuck in Tiengen. The Tiengen Farm School was closed in the 1990s and the buildings demolished.
After the Second World War, other barracks served as district assembly camps for displaced persons and refugees. One of the barracks still exists as a converted residential building, the last ones were demolished at the end of the 1970s and the area was converted into a new building area.
In the course of the municipal area reform in Baden-Württemberg , the previously independent municipality of Schwerzen was incorporated into Wutöschingen with effect from January 1, 1975.
Carnival
Schwerzen is widely known in the region for its traditional carnival parades. These are organized by the active fool's association Gwaag , in Schwerzen the raven is called Gwaag , the majority is called Gwaagen (the word probably originally meant all crows ). Here is the first stanza of the 7 stanzas Schwerzener Fool's Song (text by main teacher Karl Martin):
Schwerzen is a fool's nest
Hoorig is the Ratz 'a
long time ago
Hoorig is the Ratz'
Today, as has been the case for many years,
Hoorig isch the Ratz and the flock of fools is
growing and blooming
Hoorig isch the Katz '
Hoorig, hoorig, hoorig isch the Ratz and Katz '
Hoorig, hoorig, hoorig isch die Katz' (refrain)
coat of arms
The coat of arms of the formerly independent municipality of Schwerzen shows a golden chalice in red. The chalice points to the old parish of Schwerzen, to which the surrounding villages and hamlets Hagnau, Endermettingen, Löhningen , Muhren, Raßbach , Horheim with the farms Lütisloh and Rehhalden, and today's main town Wutöschingen belonged until the 17th century meant that the faithful had to visit the church in Schwerzen, and the pastor took care of these places in return. In 1361 Johann von Krenkingen gave the rule of Gutenburg and the Hof am Rain in Schwerzen to the brothers Walter and Burkhard von Hohenfels . The parish of Schwerzen had roughly the same area as that of Tiengen and, together with this, corresponded to the former territory of the Krenkinger .
Culture and sights
Buildings
- The late Baroque Catholic parish church of St. John the Baptist stands on a hill in Schwerzen . It was built between 1781 and 1791, presumably according to a plan by the Baroque master builder Peter Thumb, instead of a previous building, including the former tower. Foreman was Georg Schutzger from St. Blasien. The furnishings at the end of the baroque era could no longer be surpassed even by the late rococo - the new elements of classicism are already being incorporated here. The furnishings at the end of the baroque era could no longer be surpassed even by the late rococo - the new elements of classicism are already being incorporated here . The main altar painting by the Kurtrier court painter Januarius Zick, which shows the baptism of Jesus by Johannes in the Jordan , is still entirely in the Baroque style . On the side wall is an epitaph by von Beck. On top of the chalice is the motto of the barons: One for all , and under the names of those once buried in the church it says: Rest gently in your crypt until the Creator calls us too . The acquisition of the organ from the organ builder Johann Ferdinand Balthasar Stieffell in 1792 is thanks to Franz Sales Kirn, who was pastor of the parish church in Schwerzen from 1952 to 1972. It was installed in 1958 and restored in 1971. Organ concerts and recordings took place. The alabaster reliefs and the pulpit were made by the sculptor Johann Friedrich Vollmar . He also designed the main altar with the tabernacle . The picture of the left side altar was erected in 1834 under the pastor Franz Sales Schmid and shows the Assumption of Mary , it comes from the Freiburg artist Kreszentia Stadler , based on paintings by Bartolomé Esteban Murillo . The reliquary pyramids on the left and right on the main altar were donated by the canon of the St. Verenastift in Zurzach, Franz Leopold von Beck zu Willmendingen on December 4, 1802 and contain fragments of bone from the holy martyrs Felix, Clemens, Fortunat and Reparat.
- The Gasthaus zum Adler in Schwerzen was first mentioned in 1763. The inn was destroyed by fire in 1906 and the inn was rebuilt. The village fountain stands in front of the inn . The inlet of this ornamental fountain is via an obelisk with a crowning chalice, the symbol and coat of arms of Schwerzen. The stone collecting basin, designed as an octagon , bears the year 1866 on the side, the year the well was built.
- The former town hall is a central building with a crooked roof in the Schwerzen district, built in 1904. It was the official seat of the mayor and also served as a primary school with a teacher's apartment, then as a kindergarten until the 1980s. After the incorporation in 1975 it lost its importance, whereupon a rented apartment was set up there and rehearsal rooms for the Musikverein Schwerzen. After renovation and renovation, it was reopened in 2009 for local clubs and institutions. The facade is painted in a shade of blue. The square behind the town hall is dominated by three old horse chestnuts .
- In Willmendingen, Willmendingen Castle is next to the former primary school, now a kindergarten.
- The Wallburg on the Semberg is a prehistoric fortification that was probably built over in the early Middle Ages.
- In 2002 a small chapel was built on the Semberg near the Way of the Cross . Inside is the alabaster coat of arms of the von Becks, which was taken over from the antipendium of the former castle chapel.
Economy and Infrastructure
structure
There is a primary school, an inn and three restaurants, as well as some small craft businesses and agriculture. The once independent municipality of Schwerzen had its own water supply and large forests. There have been no shopping opportunities for many years, all shops are in the surrounding towns, and you have to rely on a means of transport. The road to Bechtersbohl is heavily frequented due to cross-border commuters to nearby Switzerland, the place has no traffic-calmed zones.
education
The primary school (Auwiesenschule Horheim-Schwerzen), which was newly built in 1996, is located in Horheim.
traffic
To the northeast of Schwerzen on the Bohlhof is the Bohlhof glider airfield . Schwerzen is located in the approach zone of Zurich-Kloten Airport, ideal for plane spotters . At night, apply the in aircraft noise dispute between Switzerland and Germany procured ban on night flights .
At the western boundary to Oberlauchringen , the A98 is initially to be built as a single lane bypass . It is still under construction. The route is to lead from Oberlauchringen through the forest to Geißlingen , where it temporarily ends in Bundesstraße 34 . The railway line of the Wutachtalbahn is located next to the federal highway 314, which runs through Horheim. It connects to the Hochrheinbahn in Lauchringen .
Personalities
- Franz Leopold Ignatius von Beck zu Willmendingen (1752–1833), theologian and canon of the St. Verena monastery in Bad Zurzach
- Emil Kiesel (1910–1990), Catholic priest and opponent of National Socialism
- Emma Stoll (1920–2010) founded the Stoll VITA Foundation together with her husband Christof Stoll
Personalities who have worked on site
- Johann Jakob von Beck (1566–1629), Baron von Willmendingen, governor in Klettgau
literature
- Wutöschingen - then and now, The reading book: Degernau, Horheim, Ofteringen, Schwerzen, Wutöschingen . Wutöschingen municipality (ed.), 2006.
- Hans Ruppaner, Helmut Maurer : Parish of St. Johannes d. T. Schwerzen . Parish of St. Johannes, Schwerzen (ed.), 1992
- WH Mayer (Hrsg.): Heimatbuch for the district Waldshut , Verlag R. Philipp, Waldshut 1926.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Population figures . In: Official Journal of the Municipality of Wutöschingen, 28/2011 (PDF; 702 kB), from July 14, 2011, p. 2.
- ↑ See Wutöschingen administration area . In: The state of Baden-Württemberg. Official description by district and municipality. Volume VI: Freiburg administrative region. ed. from D. Landesarchivdirektion Baden-Württemberg, Verlag W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1982, ISBN 3-17-007174-2 . Pp. 1046-1049.
- ^ Home book for the district of Waldshut , Ed .: WH Mayer, Verlag R. Philipp, Waldshut 1926, p. 167.
- ↑ Edgar Fleig: Handwritten, economic and constitutional studies on the history of St. Peter's Monastery in the Black Forest , 1907, p. 98.
- ^ Albert Krieger: Topographical Dictionary of the Grand Duchy of Baden , 1905, column 1180
- ^ WH Mayer: Home book for the district of Waldshut , 1926, p. 167 f.
- ↑ Representation after Hans Ruppaner: The Landgraviates of Stühlingen and Klettgau. In: Wutöschingen. P. 49 ff.
- ^ Brigitte Matt-Willmatt / Karl-Friedrich Hoggenmüller: Lauchringen. Chronicle of a community. Ed .: Municipality of Lauchringen, Verlag K. Zimmermann, Konstanz 1986, p. 39.
- ^ WH Mayer: Home book for the district of Waldshut , 1926, p. 168.
- ^ Badischer Landwirtschaftlicher Hauptverband eV, Freiburg (ed.): "The way of the farmers' college. Commemorative publication for the opening of the Baden farming school in Tiengen", 1955
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 524 .
- ↑ The town hall . In: Südkurier of July 3, 2009
- ↑ (va): New splendor in the old town hall . In: Südkurier of July 3, 2009
- ↑ Werner Günzel (lez): New chapel on the Semberg. In: Südkurier from December 6, 2002
- ↑ Gerd Scheuble: "In the former Horheim everyone knew everyone else" . In: Südkurier of September 13, 2003
- ^ Article in the Badische Zeitung
