Schellenberg (noble family)
Schellenberg (also Lords of Schellenberg ) is the name of an old noble family originating in Schellenberg (today's Liechtenstein ), which was accepted into the knighthood and later into the baron class and became extinct at the beginning of the 19th century.
It is not to be confused with a Saxon nobility of the same name from Schellenberg (Leubsdorf) with headquarters at Schellenberg Castle and also not with the Westphalian barons of Vittinghoff called Schell zu Schellenberg .
Family history and monuments
The Schellenbergs were first mentioned in sources from 1137 to 1157 as vassals of Otto von Freising . They had their headquarters in the upper Isar valley, served the Staufers as well as Rudolf von Habsburg and thus gained political influence and wealth.
During the Staufer period, the Lords of Schellenberg settled on the Eschnerberg (near Feldkirch ) in what is now Liechtenstein. Here they built Neu-Schellenberg Castle in the first half of the 12th century and Alt-Schellenberg Castle a few decades later . It is likely that the Staufer kings made the Schellenberg resident here in order to secure the imperial road to Italy. The Lords of Schellenberg sold this property in today's Principality of Liechtenstein to the Counts of Werdenberg-Heiligenberg in 1317 . Nevertheless, the mountain near Eschen still bears her name to this day.
In the late Middle Ages and in the early modern period, the sex was especially wealthy in the Allgäu , Baar and Hegau . Individual representatives of the house are in the service of the abbots of St. Gallen and Kempten . Female family members were members of the Lindau monastery . As an imperial knightly family, the Schellenberg belonged to the knightly canton of Hegau-Allgäu-Bodensee in the Swabian knight circle.
From 1280 to 1374 the Schellenbergers owned Wasserburg on Lake Constance , which they provided with a solid wall and a tower. At the end of the 13th century they acquired the castle and rule of Rothenfels near Immenstadt as an imperial fief , which they sold in 1332 to the House of Montfort-Tettnang . Around 1300 Marquard von Schellenberg, who was also in feud with the imperial city of Lindau, inherited the lords of Kißlegg ( Alt-Kisslegg Castle ) and established his own line and rule around the market town. From 1560 to 1570, Hans Ulrich von Schellenberg (1518–1606) built a high-gabled castle there, today's " Old Castle " or "Wolfegger Castle". The lords of Schellenberg-Kißlegg were repeatedly bailiffs of the Reichslandvogtei Oberschwaben . In 1637 Hans Christoph von Schellenberg zu Kißlegg was raised to the hereditary baron status by Emperor Ferdinand II . Already in 1381 the rule of Kisslegg was divided under two Schellenberg lines. One part had been in the possession of various families (Freiberg, Baumgarten, Trauchburger branch line of the House of Waldburg ) from 1525 and finally came to the Wurzach line of the House of Waldburg in 1793 . Its Wolfegger branch inherited the other part of the Kißlegg rule in 1708 by marrying the last Schellenberger Freiin zu Kißlegg, Maria Anna (1681–1754). In 1383 knight Bertold von Schellenberg became the owner of the castle, town and village of Hüfingen near Donaueschingen in the Baar. The Hüfinger line also later won the title of baron. In 1620 Hüfingen was sold to the Fürstenberg family . Since the late Middle Ages, a line of the Schellenberg was located in Bräunlingen near Donaueschingen and - in addition to Austria and Fürstenberg - also co-owners of the city. The local "Schellenberg Castle" burned down in 1917. From 1557 to 1609, the Schellenberg Castle (restored by them and, despite two fires, has been preserved to this day as the "Schellenberg Building") and the Randegg rulership in today's Constance district .
The Schellenberg-Kißlegg line died out in 1708. The presumably last member of the family, Joseph Anton von Schellenberg (-Hüfingen), died completely impoverished in Hüfingen in 1812.
coat of arms
The lords of Schellenberg were probably related to the lords of Neuburg ; originally they carried a similar coat of arms. The coat of arms of the Lords of Schellenberg, divided three times by black and gold, was entered in the Zurich coat of arms in 1340 .
Historical coats of arms
Coat of arms of the Lords of Schellenberg, Scheibler's book of arms , older part, between 1450 and 1450 1480
Coat of arms of the Thumb von Neuburg, Scheiblersches Wappenbuch, older part, between 1450 u. 1480
Coat of arms of the Knights of Schellenberg
Increased coat of arms of those von Schellenberg, Siebmacher's coat of arms book from 1609
Important representatives
- Knight Ulrich von Schellenberg zu Kißlegg (1478–1549), Doctor of both rights, Eques auratus , field captain and councilor of the Emperors Maximilian I and Charles V.
- Junker Hans von Schellenberg, Lord of Hüfingen, Staufen and Randegg, called the Scholar (1551–1609); City lord of Hüfingen, Obermann of the Hegau knighthood and imperial envoy, was one of the influential men of the Baar and the Lake Constance area; At Randegg Castle he put together an extensive library, to which the famous Manessian song manuscript is said to have belonged; after 1523 he rebuilt the upper castle in Hüfingen and is said to have repaired Staufen Castle .
- Alwig X. von Sulz and his son Rudolf V. von Sulz , Counts of Vaduz and Schellenberg
Castles
Various ruins and castles are still visible today:
- Castle ruins in Schellenberg (Liechtenstein)
- Hinang (Hugnang) in Sonthofen old towns
- Rothenfels (ruin) near Immenstadt
- Neuchâtel (Neusulzberg, Neu-Durach) in Durach
- Castle ruins in Sulzberg
- Wasserburg Castle
literature
- Paul Beck : Swabian Biographies. 24. Hans Ulrich v. Schellenberg, military leader from Kisslegg . In: Diocesan Archives of Swabia , 18th year, p. 145 f.
- Michael Grimm: An attempt at a historical-statistical description of Kisslegg and its surroundings. Extended reprint of the Kißlegg 1864 edition. Edited by Thomas Weiland. Kißlegg im Allgäu 1994 (contributions to the history of Kißlegg, vol. 2)
- Max Miller (ed.): Baden-Württemberg . Stuttgart (Kröner) 1954 (Handbook of Historic Places in Germany, Vol. 6), article Bräuningen, Hüfingen, Kißlegg, Randegg.
- Sibylle Rettner: Hans the scholar of Schellenberg. Annotated new edition of Paul Revellio's dissertation . Hüfingen 2004. (Cultural history series of the city of Hüfingen, vol. 7)
Web links
- Karl-Heinz Burmeister: Schellenberg, from. In: Historical Lexicon of the Principality of Liechtenstein .
- Ancestry samples Johann Friederich von Schellenberg Freiherr von Kieselegg and Heinrich Christoph von Schellenberg on monasterium.net
