Neu-Schellenberg ruins
| Neu-Schellenberg ruins | ||
|---|---|---|
 Neu-Schellenberg ruins, foot of the keep in the foreground, on the right the old shield wall (with flag) |
||
| Alternative name (s): | Upper castle | |
| Creation time : | 13th Century | |
| Castle type : | Hilltop castle | |
| Conservation status: | ruin | |
| Place: | Schellenberg | |
| Geographical location | 47 ° 13 '57.8 " N , 9 ° 33' 15.8" E | |
| Height: | 668 m above sea level M. | |
|
||
The Neu-Schellenberg ruin , also known as the "Obere Burg", is one of two castle ruins in the area of the municipality of Schellenberg in Liechtenstein .
location
The ruin of the hilltop castle lies at a height of about 670 m above sea level. M. on the Eschnerberg immediately west of the Schellenberg district Hinterschloss. It is freely accessible and is touched by the historic mountain trail on the Eschnerberg. There is a small parking lot at the foot of the castle hill.
About a kilometer to the west is Alt-Schellenberg , the second castle ruin in the Schellenberg municipality.
history
Contrary to what the name suggests, Neu-Schellenberg is the older of the two Schellenberg castles. Probably around the year 1200, a first small castle was built at this point by the Lords of Schellenberg , who were often mentioned in documents and chronicles of the region at the time , who originally lived in the upper Isar valley and were probably settled in the Alpine Rhine Valley by the Staufer emperors . As early as 1317, the Schellenbergs sold their entire property on the Eschnerberg to the Counts of Werdenberg-Heiligenberg . Neu-Schellenberg Castle itself was first mentioned in a document in 1348.
In 1394, the then owner, Count Albrecht III. von Werdenberg-Bludenz granted the Dukes of Austria the right to open both Schellenberg castles. In the course of the Appenzeller Wars , Neu-Schellenberg Castle was burned down in 1405, but then restored. In the following period it changed hands several times. So Albrecht III sold von Werdenberg-Bludenz passed the castle to his son-in-law Wilhelm von Montfort-Tettnang in 1412 . From 1437 at the latest, the Schellenberg rule with the two castles was owned by the Barons von Brandis , who sold them on to Count Rudolf V. von Sulz in 1510 . At that time the castle was probably still intact, but was probably abandoned at the beginning of the 16th century and then fell into disrepair. In 1613 the Counts of Hohenems acquired the rule of Schellenberg, whose castles are described as ruins ("broken") in the Emser Chronicle of 1616. Finally, with the purchase of the Schellenberg rulership in 1699 , the princes of Liechtenstein also came into possession of the castle ruins there.
In the 19th century, the remains of the two castles were used by the local population as quarries, primarily for the construction of the Schellenberg parish church and the monastery. Prince Franz Josef II of Liechtenstein donated the heavily overgrown ruins in 1956 to the Historical Association for the Principality of Liechtenstein, which had Neu-Schellenberg Castle excavated and conserved between 1960 and 1964.
investment
The castle, built on a triangular ground plan, was secured in the south by a ditch ; on the other side, the steeply sloping castle hill offered adequate protection from attackers.
In the center of the castle complex was the keep , which is probably one of the oldest structures in the castle and was accessible via a high entrance . To the north of the keep, the main castle complex was grouped around an inner and an outer courtyard. The northeast adjacent to the keep inner courtyard was separated by a big gate of the outer courtyard to the north and gave access to two residential buildings that were on the west and the east side of the court, which is in the west wing of the Palas traded should have. The upper floors of these buildings and the keep were only accessible from a gallery running around the inner courtyard. The outer courtyard of the main castle was surrounded by farm buildings and servants' apartments. There was a cistern in the north corner of the castle . Two walls flanking the keep were part of the inner ring , with the wall east of the keep, which delimited the inner courtyard to the south, had the character of a shield wall .
The excavations from 1960 onwards showed that the development of the inner courtyard covered the foundation walls of earlier residential buildings and therefore must have been created in a later construction phase. During these reconstructions, the access to the main castle was moved to the western edge of the castle; the original gate near the keep at the site of the newly built hall was walled up.
South of the main castle was an extended accessible through a gate system in the southwest corner bailey , which was secured by a adjoining the core Burgbering. In a late construction period, a mighty dry stone wall was erected in front of the southern section of the curtain wall . The gate system was moved further to the west and a new outer kennel was added in the south-west.
Of the castle, the ruins of the core castle, some of which are still towering, as well as the preserved remains of the dry stone wall, the kennel and some outbuildings are present today.
Todays use
The castle ruins are a popular hiking and excursion destination. The moat and adjacent areas have been used by the community of Schellenberg as a youth campground since 1999.
Every two years in September, the Princely Liechtenstein Tattoo takes place on the castle grounds under the patronage of Prince Hans-Adam II , a music show lasting several days, with mainly military music and dance groups from Liechtenstein and Switzerland, but also formations from Europe Perform abroad. The grandstand built for the duration of the festival offers space for 576 spectators.
literature
- David Beck : Neu-Schellenberg - excavation report . In: Yearbook of the Historical Association for the Principality of Liechtenstein . tape 62 . Self-published by HVFL, Vaduz 1962, p. 3–49 ( eliechtensteinensia.li [PDF; 19.4 MB ]).
- Karl Heid: Neu-Schellenberg - The found objects . In: Yearbook of the Historical Association for the Principality of Liechtenstein . tape 62 . Self-published by HVFL, Vaduz 1962, p. 51–79 ( eliechtensteinensia.li [PDF; 12.6 MB ]).
- Alfred Goop: A look at the history of the community Schellenberg . Brochure of the municipal administration Schellenberg. 2005 ( schellenberg.li [PDF; 1.3 MB ]).
- Alfred Goop: The Upper Castle Schellenberg . In: Schellenberg - my community . Edition 2010/3. Schellenberg community, December 2010, p. 36–38 ( europa.gmgnet.li [PDF; 4.6 MB ]).
- H. Rudolph Inhelder, Lukas Hauser: The castles, fortifications and residences of Unterrätiens. A look at the area between Luziensteig and Hirschensprung, on both sides of the Rhine . In: Historical and local history association of the Werdenberg district (Hrsg.): Werdenberger yearbook . 7th year. BuchsDruck und Verlag, Buchs 1994, ISBN 3-905222-71-X , p. 28–69 , here p. 49 f .: Schellenberg, Obere Burg (Neu-Schellenberg) ( full text on digishelf.de ).
- Verena Hasenbach: Schellenberg (castles). In: Historical Lexicon of the Principality of Liechtenstein .
Web links
- Alfred Goop: The castles on the Schellenberg. In: historerverein.li. Historical Association for the Principality of Liechtenstein (HVFL), archived from the original on March 21, 2017 .
- Oliver Steimann, Olaf Kaiser: Neu-Schellenberg Castle (Upper Castle). With photos, floor plan, history and references. In: Burgenwelt. Olaf Kaiser, April 11, 2014 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ The high path. Interactive map. In: unterland-tourismus.li. Liechtensteiner Unterland Tourismus Ruggell, accessed on July 2, 2020 .
- ^ Alfred Goop: The Upper Castle Schellenberg . In: Schellenberg - my community . Edition 2010/3. Schellenberg community, December 2010, p. 36–38 ( europa.gmgnet.li [PDF; 4.6 MB ; accessed on July 2, 2020]).
- ↑ Albrecht von Werdenberg (Siegler): Count Albrecht von Werdenberg, Lord of Bludencz [Bludenz], confesses that he ruled over his festivals and city of Bludenz, the Pu {o} rs, the Muntafun valley and the Altschellenberg and Nuwschellenberg fortresses at his or her Vogts zu Veltkilch [Feldkirch] request will open . Certificate in the BayHStA , Tyrol. Documents 258. Baden September 11, 1394, urn : nbn: de: stab-bddd520c-b8b7-47e4-82db-b478baa8be222 ( catalog entry [accessed July 2, 2020]).
- ↑ Upper Castle storage area. In: www.schellenberg.li. Schellenberg community, accessed on July 2, 2020 .
- ^ The Princely Liechtenstein Tattoo. In: princely-tattoo.li. “The Princely Liechtenstein Tattoo” association, accessed on July 2, 2020 .
- ↑ Formations. In: The Princely Liechtenstein Tattoo. “The Princely Liechtenstein Tattoo” association, accessed on July 2, 2020 .