Alt-Schellenberg ruins
| Alt-Schellenberg ruins | ||
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 Castle courtyard of the Alt-Schellenberg ruin, view from the younger gate to the remains of the tower from 1350 |
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| Alternative name (s): | Lower castle | |
| Creation time : | 13th Century | |
| Castle type : | Hilltop castle | |
| Conservation status: | ruin | |
| Place: | Schellenberg | |
| Geographical location | 47 ° 13 '59.5 " N , 9 ° 32' 33.1" E | |
| Height: | 590 m above sea level M. | |
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The Alt-Schellenberg ruin , also known as the “Lower Castle”, is one of two castle ruins in the area of the municipality of Schellenberg in Liechtenstein .
location
The ruin of the hilltop castle lies at 590 m above sea level. M. north of the Schellenberg district Platta on the northwestern edge of the summit plateau of the Eschnerberg , about 150 meters above the Rhine valley . It is freely accessible and can also be reached on foot via the historic high path on the Eschnerberg.
About one kilometer to the east is Neu-Schellenberg , the second castle ruin in the Schellenberg municipality.
history
Alt-Schellenberg is, contrary to what the name suggests, the younger of the two Schellenberg castles. On a hill that was already settled in the Neolithic Age, the first complex was probably built around 1250 by the Lords of Schellenberg, who originally lived in the upper Isar valley , but the exact scope is not known. The castle was first mentioned in documents in 1317, when the Schellenbergers sold their property on the Eschnerberg to the Counts of Werdenberg-Heiligenberg , who in turn appointed the Meier von Altstätten here as bailiffs or feudal men .
Around 1350 a tower was built in the northeast of the castle complex. In a further construction phase around 1380, the Bering was built with the older gate system. In 1394, the then owner, Count Albrecht III. von Werdenberg-Bludenz granted the Dukes of Austria the right to open both Schellenberg castles. Around this time, the castle received its final appearance when the gate was moved to the northwest side, a kitchen with an oven was built at the old gate and a bailey was built southwest of the core castle.
The Appenzeller wars in the early 15th century survived the castle Old-Schellenberg probably without major damage. In the following period it changed hands several times. So Albrecht III sold von Werdenberg-Bludenz passed the castle to his son-in-law Wilhelm von Montfort-Tettnang in 1412 . From 1437 at the latest, the Schellenberg rule with the two castles was owned by the Barons von Brandis , who sold them on to Count Rudolf V. von Sulz in 1510 . At that time the castle was probably already deserted. In 1613 the Counts of Hohenems acquired the rule of Schellenberg, whose castles are described as ruins ("broken") in the Emser Chronicle of 1616. Finally, with the purchase of the Schellenberg rulership in 1699 , the princes of Liechtenstein also came into possession of the castle ruins there.
In the 19th century, the remains of the two castles were used by the local population as quarries, primarily for the construction of the Schellenberg parish church and the monastery. Prince Franz Josef II of Liechtenstein donated the heavily overgrown ruins in 1956 to the Historical Association for the Principality of Liechtenstein, which had Alt-Schellenberg Castle excavated and conserved between 1978 and 1980.
investment
The Alt-Schellenberg Castle was built in several construction phases in the 13th and 14th centuries. The first small complex was built around 1250, the exact extent of which is not known. There are no visible remains of these buildings. Around 1350 the tower was built with a trapezoidal floor plan in the northeast of the castle area, around 1380 the Bering with the older gate system in the southwest and additions to the tower were built. In a final stage of construction in 1400 was the southwest inner castle beyond the neck ditch a bailey created. Presumably in connection with this renovation, the access to the main castle was relocated to the northwest; a kitchen with an oven was built at the old gate.
The remains of the wall of the tower, the ring and the outer bailey, which have been secured and conserved since 1978, have been preserved, at the entrance of which in the north-west the holes in the closing beams are still visible. In the courtyard near the older gate there is a reconstruction of an oven. The systems visible today cover an area of approximately 50 × 20 meters.
literature
- Jacob Bill ; Robert Mittelhammer: Schellenberg "Lower Castle"; Animal bones from Schellenberg "Lower Castle" . In: Jakob Bill (Ed.): Ergrabene Geschichte. The archaeological excavations in the Principality of Liechtenstein 1977–1984 . Catalog for the exhibition in the Liechtenstein National Museum Vaduz, March 31 - October 31, 1985. Historical Association for the Principality of Liechtenstein, Vaduz 1985, ISBN 3-906376-00-1 , p. 22-33 .
- Alfred Goop: A look at the history of the community Schellenberg . Brochure of the municipal administration Schellenberg. 2005 ( schellenberg.li [PDF; 1.3 MB ]).
- Alfred Goop: The Lower Castle . In: Schellenberg - my community . Edition 2011/2. Schellenberg community, September 2011, p. 33–35 ( europa.gmgnet.li [PDF; 3.2 MB ]).
- H. Rudolph Inhelder, Lukas Hauser: The castles, fortifications and residences of Unterrätiens. A look at the area between Luziensteig and Hirschensprung, on both sides of the Rhine . In: Historical and local history association of the Werdenberg district (Hrsg.): Werdenberger yearbook . 7th year. BuchsDruck und Verlag, Buchs 1994, ISBN 3-905222-71-X , p. 28–69 , here p. 49: Schellenberg, Untere Burg (Alt-Schellenberg) ( full text on digishelf.de ).
- Ulrike Mayr, Marlu Kühn: "... Plant gardens and eat their fruit ...". Medieval pear finds from the "Lower Castle" in Schellenberg . In: Yearbook of the Historical Association for the Principality of Liechtenstein . tape 96 . Self-published by HVFL, Vaduz 1998, ISBN 3-906393-20-8 , p. 253–265 ( eliechtensteinensia.li [PDF; 4.7 MB ]).
- Verena Hasenbach: Schellenberg (castles). In: Historical Lexicon of the Principality of Liechtenstein .
Web links
- Alfred Goop: The castles on the Schellenberg. In: historerverein.li. Historical Association for the Principality of Liechtenstein (HVFL), archived from the original on March 21, 2017 .
- Oliver Steimann, Olaf Kaiser: Alt-Schellenberg Castle (Lower Castle). With photos, floor plan, history and references. In: Burgenwelt. Olaf Kaiser, April 10, 2014 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ The high path. Interactive map. In: unterland-tourismus.li. Liechtensteiner Unterland Tourismus Ruggell, accessed on June 30, 2020 .
- ^ Alfred Goop: The Upper Castle Schellenberg . In: Schellenberg - my community . Edition 2010/3. Schellenberg community, December 2010, p. 36–38 ( europa.gmgnet.li [PDF; 4.6 MB ; accessed on June 30, 2020]).
- ↑ David Beck : The Altschellenberg castle hill as a prehistoric site . In: Yearbook of the Historical Association for the Principality of Liechtenstein . tape 55 . Self-published by HVFL, Vaduz 1955, p. 111–116 ( eliechtensteinensia.li [PDF; 641 kB ; accessed on June 30, 2020]).
- ^ Alfred Goop: The Lower Castle . In: Schellenberg - my community . Edition 2011/2. Schellenberg community, September 2011, p. 33–35 , here p. 34 ( europa.gmgnet.li [PDF; 3.2 MB ; accessed on June 30, 2020]).
- ↑ Albrecht von Werdenberg (Siegler): Count Albrecht von Werdenberg, Lord of Bludencz [Bludenz], confesses that he ruled over his festivals and city of Bludenz, the Pu {o} rs, the Muntafun valley and the Altschellenberg and Nuwschellenberg festivals at his or her Vogts zu Veltkilch [Feldkirch] request will open . Certificate in the BayHStA , Tyrol Documents 258. Baden September 11, 1394, urn : nbn: de: stab-bddd520c-b8b7-47e4-82db-b478baa8be222 ( catalog entry [accessed on June 30, 2020]).