Mettma
| Mettma | ||
 Course of the mettma highlighted |
||
| Data | ||
| Water code | DE : 2198814 | |
| location |
Upper Black Forest
|
|
| River system | Rhine | |
| Drain over | Schlucht → Wutach → Rhine → North Sea | |
| source |
of the right upper reaches of the name: east of Schluchsee- Seebrugg 47 ° 47 ′ 58 ″ N , 8 ° 12 ′ 17 ″ E of the left upper reaches of Aubach : in Fohrenbühl west of Schluchsee- Faulenfürst 47 ° 48 ′ 40 ″ N , 8 ° 12 ′ 3 ″ O |
|
| Source height | approx. 1030 m above sea level NHN (OL Aubach) |
|
| muzzle | east of Berau in the Schlucht Coordinates: 47 ° 41 ′ 44 ″ N , 8 ° 16 ′ 51 ″ E 47 ° 41 ′ 44 ″ N , 8 ° 16 ′ 51 ″ E |
|
| Mouth height | below 523.5 m above sea level NHN | |
| Height difference | approx. 506.5 m | |
| Bottom slope | approx. 27 ‰ | |
| length | 18.8 km with longer orienteering in Aubach |
|
| Catchment area | 40.217 km² | |
| Discharge at the mouth of the A Eo : 41.7 km² |
MNQ MQ Mq MHQ HHQ |
200 l / s 920 l / s 22.1 l / (s km²) 13.9 m³ / s 82 m³ / s |
| Reservoirs flowed through | Mettmastausee | |
The Mettma is a nineteen kilometer long right tributary of the Schlucht in the southern Black Forest in Baden-Württemberg .
Course and geography
The Mettma runs between the parallel valleys of the Schwarza in the west and the upper Schlucht in a generally south-south-east direction, following the sloping direction of the eastern Hotzenwald .
Headwaters and upper reaches
The headwaters lie east of the Schluchsee in the tectonically laid out Schluchsee valley , formed by Ice Age glaciers , which continues for almost 10 kilometers to the southeast and defines the drainage line for the Mettma and other south-crossing streams over a short distance. It is structured by numerous parallel ridges (mostly lateral moraines ), which repeatedly relocate the many streams and the left upper reaches of the Mettma the direct route into the valley. This longer upper course rises as Aubach just under 1 km west of the village of Faulenfürst ( municipality of Schluchsee , district of Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald ). This highest source is located on the eastern slope of the Fohrenbühl at approx. 1050 m above sea level. NHN . After a good kilometer of gradient to the south, it briefly takes the direction of a small meadow brook coming from the west and then again meets the much smaller named upper course of the Mettma from the north. It rises a little east of the Seebrugg terminus of the Dreiseenbahn at almost 930 m above sea level. NHN and flows leisurely eastwards at the bottom of the great valley.
Narrow valley stretch in the lower reaches
Still in the high valley, the Mettma reaches the area of the district of Waldshut and then leaves it shortly before Rothaus (municipality of Grafenhausen ) with a sharp right bend to the south. The now narrower, but repeatedly somewhat widened valley by a smaller glacier tongue narrows further in the further course of the river until it flows into the gorge and forms a 100 to almost 200 m deep valley in the basement of the Black Forest . It gradually turns south-east and then, a good two kilometers from the estuary, suddenly bends south. These southward changes of direction, which are also typical for the neighboring rivers, are related to the ascent of the Black Forest in the Tertiary ( Neogene ), which, when the rivers had not yet formed today's narrow valleys, virtually led to their "tipping" southwards. A final nod before the mouth, now to the east, corresponds to a former valley floor 65 meters higher, which continues south and only meets the Schlüchttal 2 kilometers further. In contrast to the Mettma valley, which flows into it, the valley of the Schlucht has the character of a gorge . At the confluence with the Schlucht, the Mettma carries a little more water at 0.92 m³ / s than the Schlucht (0.79 m³ / s), despite the almost equally large catchment area , mainly because it receives slightly higher amounts of precipitation.
Tributaries and lakes
List of direct tributaries and 
lakes from source to estuary. Length of water, lake area, catchment area and altitude according to the corresponding layers on the LUBW online map. Other sources for the information are noted.
Selection.
Origin of the Mettma at about 925 m above sea level. NHN east of Schluchsee - Seebrugg .
-
Aubach , from the left and northwest to about 921 m above sea level. NHN , 2.2 km and 2.5 km². Arises at about 1030 m above sea level. NHN in Fohrenbühle west of Schluchsee- Faulenfürst .
The Mettma itself has a length of only 0.6 km and a partial catchment area of 0.4 km². - (Bach vom Möllen ), from the left and northwest to about 898 m above sea level. NHN near Grafenhausen - Amertsfeld , 1.2 km and 2.4 km². Arises at about 990 m above sea level. NHN am Möllen west of Grafenhausen- Dürrenbühl .
- Bleisbach , from the left and north-northeast to about 887 m above sea level. NHN at the sewage treatment plant at Grafenhausen- Brünlisbach , 1.3 km and 1.1 km². Arises at about 985 m above sea level. NHN north of Grafenhausen- Rothaus in the forest.
- (Bach vom Hochstaufen ), from the right and west-northwest to about 855 m above sea level. NHN at the Schaffhauser saw of Grafenhausen, 1.6 km and 0.9 km². Arises at about 1015 m above sea level. NHN in Waldgewann Riedbrunnen on the southeast slope of the Hochstaufen .
- (Bach near the Lanzenfurt chapel), from the right and west-northwest to about 832 m above sea level. NHN northeast under the chapelT, 1.3 km and 0.8 km². Arises at about 995 m above sea level. NHN .
- Schönenbach , from the right and west-northwest to less than 830 m above sea level. NHN east of Schluchsee- Schönenbach , 2.1 km and 2.1 km². Arises at about 997 m above sea level. NHN in the Hürnewald north of Schönenbach.
- Rhinamättle , from the right and west to about 790 m above sea level. NHN northeast of Grafenhausen- Bulgenbach , 1.5 km and 2.4 km². Arises at about 910 m above sea level. NHN near Grafenhausen- Staufen .
- Bedebach , from the left and northeast to about 775 m above sea level. NHN at the Heidenmühle von Grafenhausen, 1.3 km and 1.0 km². Rises at about 945 m above sea level. NHN at the Kehrhalde northwest of Grafenhausen- Buggenried .
- Bittebach , from the left and northeast to about 735 m above sea level. NHN in front of the former Buggenrieder mill, 1.6 km and 1.5 km². Arises at about 885 m above sea level. NHN on the southern edge of Buggenried.
- Grundbach , from the right and west to about 719 m above sea level. NHN shortly before the Mettmastausee, 1.2 km and approx. 0.8 km². Arises at about 863 m above sea level. NHN a little east of the village of Brenden von Ühlingen-Birkendorf .
-
Flows through at 717.5 m above sea level. NHN (storage target) the Mettmastausee , 11.0 ha. - Sägenbächle , from the left and north to below 650 m above sea level. NHN in front of the Lochmühle of Ühlingen-Birkendorf, 4.4 km and 3.3 km². Arises at about 895 m above sea level. NHN east of Buggenried.
- Lochwiesenbach , from the left and north-northeast to about 620 m above sea level. NHN at the Lochmühle, 0.9 km and approx. 1.4 km². Arises at about 715 m above sea level. NHN in the Waldtobel Lochwiesen west of Ühlingen-Birkendorf- Riedern am Wald .
- Langhag , from the left and overall north to less than 580 m above sea level. NHN under the Mandach castle ruins , 1.6 km and approx. 1.0 km². Arises at about 730 m above sea level. NHN north of Ühlingen-Birkendorf- Weilerhöfe .
Mouth of the Mettma from the right and northeast to a little below 523.5 m above sea level. NHN east of Ühlingen-Birkendorf- Berau in the middle ravine . The brook is 17.2 km long from the origin of its shorter right upper course and 18.8 km from the origin of its longer left upper course Aubach and has a 39.8 km² catchment area.
Use and development
The valley is mainly used for forestry. The attractive valley is little used for tourism, even if the eastern route of the Mittelweg follows the valley. The Mettmastausee is not available for recreational use.
Hydropower
A good 4 kilometers above the mouth, the Mettma basin extends above a dam wall over a length of up to 1.5 km and a width of approx. 125 m. It belongs to the eastern branch of a pumped storage network, which also consists of the three-stage main axis between Schluchsee and Rhine and the western branch with the Albstausee and is the older of two large pumped storage systems operated by Schluchseewerke AG in the southern Black Forest.
traffic
The valley of the Mettma is closed to public traffic with motor vehicles, with the exception of the communal connections across almost the entire length.
The upper course of the Mettma is accompanied for a short distance by the state road 170, which connects the B 500 with the B 315 between Seebrugg (municipality of Schluchsee) and Bonndorf . At the mouth, the Schlüchttalsstraße (L 157) from Gurtweil (town of Waldshut-Tiengen ) to Rothaus crosses the Mettma. In between, the valley is crossed by three communal roads , Berau - Riedern am Wald (districts of Ühlingen-Birkendorf), Brenden (Ühlingen-Birkendorf) - Buggenried (Grafenhausen) and Schönenbach (Grafenhausen) - Grafenhausen .
Historical uses
Mining
As ortus fluvii Metimē , the Mettma was first mentioned in 1111 in a document from the All Saints Monastery . In the Mettma valley, the ore veins that emerged on the slopes were mined as early as the Middle Ages , but probably much earlier. Was particularly popular, the silver , but that does not appear dignified and therefore the reduction of the silver-bearing galena required. The name Silberberg below the village of Buggenried goes back to this mining.
In the Middle Ages, mining was carried out by the St. Blasien Monastery or a tax was levied on it, with the government of Upper Austria also involved. The extracted lead gloss was then smelted in the Wurkehof in Todtnau and the raw silver extracted was brought to a higher fineness in a hut in Freiburg im Breisgau . The use of silver as a coin metal in the Freiburg Mint is documented . In the Middle Ages, lead was used in the construction of windows, stone connections and sheet metal, among other things.
The mining of minerals came more and more to a standstill with imports of cheaper silver at the end of the Middle Ages. In the 20th century (especially around 1900, between 1922 and 1926 and around 1939) trial digs were carried out in the Mettmatal and Schwarzatal. From 1923 to 1926 they led to renewed degradation of galena. The Pforzheimer Fluss- und Schwerspatwerke GmbH began in the Brenden mine from 1959 to 1962 with the mining and temporary extraction of fluorspar , which is used to produce fluorine and fluorine compounds. River spar and barite are only mined in the Black Forest in the Clara mine. In Urberg which opened in 2001. Mineral Museum gives visitors an insight into the work of the former river and Schwerspatbergwerk "glory of God" in hell-Bildstein.
Mills and sawmills along the Mettma
The water power of the Mettma was used by several grain or saw mills such as the Schaffhauser saw, Klausenmühle, Buggenrieder Mühle, Heidenmühle and the Lochmühle.
In the Middle Ages, water was led over the Berauer Wuhr along the western slope of the valley to Berau in order to be able to use water power there, among other things.
Castles along the Mettma
literature
- Yearbook of the district of Waldshut 2002 , vol. XXVII. Waldshut district (publisher), DRW-Verlag, Karlsruhe 2002.
- Rudolf Metz , geological studies of the Hotzenwald . Moritz Schauenburg Verlag, Lahr 1980.
- Topographic maps of the State Surveying Office Baden-Württemberg No. 8115 u. 8215, scale 1: 25,000.
Individual evidence
LUBW
Official online waterway map with a suitable section and the layers used here: Course and catchment area of the Mettma
General introduction without default settings and layers: State Institute for the Environment Baden-Württemberg (LUBW) ( notes )
- ↑ a b Height according to the contour line image on the topographic map background layer .
- ↑ a b Height according to black lettering on the background layer topographic map .
- ↑ a b c Length according to the waterway network layer ( AWGN ) .
- ↑ a b c Catchment area summed up from the sub-catchment areas according to the basic catchment area layer (AWGN) .
- ↑ Lake area after the layer standing waters .
- ↑ Catchment area according to the basic catchment area layer (AWGN) .
- ↑ a b c Catchment area measured on the background layer topographic map .
Other evidence
- ↑ Günther Reichelt : Geographical land survey: The natural spatial units on sheet 185 Freiburg i. Br. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1964. → Online map (PDF; 3.7 MB)
- ↑ LUBW: discharge parameters HQ and MQ / NQ ( memento of the original from December 28, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed October 1, 2016
- ↑ Willi Paul: The natural history of the Wutach gorge - geology. In: Fritz Hockenjos (Ed.): Hiking guide through the Wutach and Gauchach gorges, Freiburg (Rombach), 1973, p. 11
- ^ Rudolf Metz: Geological regional studies of the Hotzenwald . 1980, pp. 399-400ff
literature
- Topographic map 1: 25,000 Baden-Württemberg, as single sheet No. 8115 Lenzkirch, No. 8215 Ühlingen-Birkendorf and No. 8315 Waldshut Tiengen
