Dangstetten

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Coat of arms Dangstetten.png
Main street with church 2016

Dangstetten is a district of the Baden-Württemberg community Küssaberg in Klettgau in the district of Waldshut . Dangstetten became known nationwide in history through the discovery of a Roman legionary camp .

Panorama 1963 starting from Rheinheim, with the approximate location of the Roman fort near the gravel pit (center), Dangstetten behind on the left with the continuation to the Bechtersbohl pass below the Küssaburg.

Location and importance

Dangstetten is located at the northern exit of the arched low terrace on the Upper Rhine, which is surrounded by the southern chain of hills of the Randen (mountains) | Randen and includes the territory of the municipality of Küssaberg. The village has been crossed by a south-north connection since ancient times, which was expanded by the Romans as an army road and is still heavily traveled as state road 162 from the Rhine bridge Zurzach-Rheinheim over the pass from Bechtersbohl in the Klettgau to federal road 34 .

Between Dangstetten and Bechtersbohl a branch leads east to Küßnach , from whose valley the Hinterbach comes, which today runs through the local area north of the road and flows into the Rhine at Kadelburg .

Surname

"The place Dangstetten (" Place of the Tanko ") is first mentioned in a document around 1122 as Tancstetin. But already in 876 the Rheinau monastery received a court here through its future abbot, the count Gotsbert. "

Street scene in 1932 (historical photos: Rolf Bendel archive)

village life

Dangstetten is equipped with a parish hall, which is the meeting point for various initiatives, including the narrative café of the Klettgau-Rheintal social station and the library (Tuesday and Friday from 4 to 6 p.m.). Active are the rural women, the Guggemusik "Hinterbachsürpfler" founded in 1982 with a development association, the Narrenverein, the music association and the work group for the local center of Dangstetten . The kindergarten is called "Sun Beetle".

For the traditional village festival that draws Association Community . The autumn market takes place in October, followed by the Christmas market.

Shops no longer exist in the village, there is a weekly market and a bistro on the main street and the “Römerhof” inn on the outskirts towards Rheinheim.

In the former “Kranz” inn there is a supervised youth center run by Christiani eV as an organization for free welfare.

history

As a closed settlement, Dangstetten appears late, but the finds show that there may have been favorable settlement areas on the slopes in the narrow valley.

Early days

  • “In 1901, bones and all sorts of additions were found in the gravel pit southwest of the village, such as clay vessels, a massive bronze neck ring, arm rings, etc. The find is in the State Museum in Karlsruhe. These are probably graves from the Hallstatt period. ”(Mayer, Official Book 1926, p. 206).

Egon Gersbach describes the site and finds in detail:

  • “In 1901, farmer Klauser came across two shallow graves from the later Hallstatt period (Ha D 2) whose grave goods were probably almost completely recovered while mining gravel in a gravel pit on the Niederterrasse southwest of the village at a depth of 0.90 m . Details about the find situation and the orientation of the two female burials - due to the two sets of earrings, it can only be women's graves - are unfortunately not known. The additions can therefore no longer be assigned to the individual burials. ”It follows in the publication in the Baden Fund reports. Special issue 11 , 1969, a representation of 16 found objects or groups of finds, among other things "Ten earrings [...] in patinated bronze", arm rings and bangles, iron tweezers, belt plates with leather fastenings, cups and bowls; Artfully processed and decorated according to the description, probably by high-ranking women.

Romans

Evidence of Celtic settlement - in the Latène period from around 450 BC. - are to be found in the Upper Rhine region on a larger scale only in one case. There are many indications, mostly cautious, as with Emil Müller-Ettikon: “You want to know that the Helvetii sat for a long time on both sides of the High Rhine, that their number was more than a quarter of a million and that they were in 12 well-fortified towns and 400 villages and numerous individual farmsteads. ”The only well-known site is the oppidum in the Rhine loops near Altenburg-Rheinau, but this can also be due to the lack of investigation of potential sites such as wall castles . Celtic tribes ( Latobriger , Vindeliker ) resident in the region are assumed via Roman literature , but archaeological evidence only exists around the turn of the millennium to the Romans. The Dangstetten Roman camp , which was found in 1967, is of great importance in history, since 15 BC. After the Alpine campaign under Emperor Augustus, whose western army group had the Danube springs as their destination, after crossing the High Rhine between Zurzach and Rheinheim, they set up a fortified camp for a legion near the area of ​​today's gravel works.

“Remnants of the former Roman army road that ran through the Hinterbachtal were discovered during excavations under the village road”. (Chronicle WT, 31).

In general, after the retreat of the Romans around 400 and a slow resettlement by the Alemanni up to the gradual development of the landscapes through the establishment of Franconian bases and above all through the monasteries in the 7th and 8th centuries, there was only little social and economic developments can be assumed. The hustle and bustle in Roman times died down, and money transactions were again reduced to barter.

middle Ages

Even during the conquest of the land, the Alamanni came into conflict with the Franks and were subject to them in the Battle of Zülpich around 500 AD.The Franks - first under the Merovingian kings - who had adopted Roman traditions and above all organizational principles, developed state structures that allowed them extensive expansion and which were at their height under Charlemagne (around 800). Their succession regulation, which provided for a division among all the royal sons and led to the fragmentation of the imperial organization, became a problem.

This resulted in a struggle between the large aristocratic houses and with or for the monasteries, which in the meantime had grown into their own centers of power. Smaller aristocrats such as the Alemannic dukes - like the Klettgaugraf Gotsbert - threatened to lose their property.

Background
HW Mayer names the "Gaugrafen Gotsbert" as the later abbot of Rheinau and thus creates a connection that is not apparent from the document itself, but only from knowledge of the historical background: The dissolution began in the second half of the 9th century of the Carolingian Empire founded by Charlemagne around 800 as a result of the principle of inheritance division , which granted all sons of kings and emperors their own territory and thus led to progressive fragmentation with internal struggles and crises. After all, Alamannia was part of Eastern Franconia , which after the death of the last King Ludwig the child fell apart and this meant the struggle among the most powerful noble houses of the regions after the end of the central power. This was initially at the expense of the smaller aristocratic families - like that of the Klettgaugrafen Gotsbert - who resorted to an emergency solution: the "donation" of their property to the monasteries, which in the meantime had grown into a 'parallel power' on which the Carolingian rulers had also relied . In the documents these awards are justified with the “salvation of the soul” of the giver, but it was simply a secular motive: Counts had the influence on monasteries in their area to be appointed as abbots and so we observe Gotsbert after his “wave of gifts “876, which included numerous localities in today's district and after further transfers in the following years finally 892 as abbot of the Rheinau monastery. He thus continued to have access to his goods and their income. In the deed of donation in 876 he also had the repurchase at any time stipulated.

This transfer process was already regulated in detail formally and legally binding at this time, so that at the end of the 9th century a 'wave' of documents (in the monastery archives) was preserved, which already offers research numerous information about individual locations and often also with them a "first mention" is connected. In the region it is the Gotsbert deeds from 876 - shortly before the dissolution of Eastern Franconia.

For a certificate in translation see: Rheinheimer Urkunde 892

In the 10th century, the rulership structure stabilized again centrally under the royal house of the Ottonians , who also managed to repel the devastating invasions of Hungarian cavalry armies throughout Central Europe and to push them back after the battle on the Lechfeld in 955.

After that, Europe experienced a strong economic and cultural upswing - in the region with Count von Küssenberg as a result of the traffic between peoples and states carried out by the monasteries. The Roman roads were repaired again.

Reign of Küssenberg

With the end of the Counts of Küssenberg in 1251, Dangstetten with the Küssaburg and the villages of Küßnach, Reckingen and Rheinheim came to the Diocese of Constance as the Küssenberg Castle and Valley .

"In addition to the castle and the servants' buildings to the east in front of it, the so-called Vorburg or 'City of Küssenberg', the valley communities of Küßnach, Dangstetten, Rheinheim and Reckingen, which later also included the Bechtersbohl farms." (Roder 256 f.).

In 1497 'the rule' came to the Counts of Sulz . In the Swabian War of 1499, the Sulzische Residenz Tiengen was destroyed by the Confederates . The Kadelburgers were with the Zurzachers with the Confederates before Tiengen and after the peace treaty their village was burned down by Landgrave Rudolf I von Sulz in revenge.

Artisan village

According to a message from local researcher Wolf Pabst:

The freight wagons that came over the Rhine bridge from Zurzach were given a lead in Dangstetten, so two more horses were harnessed to the heavy freight wagons to bring the team over the steep Bechtersbohl pass . Reference to: In chapter 8 "Tore" with the assumption that these leader horses were once employed in the Kaiser / Juchler estate.

Pabst assumes that Dangstetten was a craft village: blacksmiths, ropes, coopers, wagons, cloth weavers, leather tailors, etc. They took care of the horse-drawn carts and carried out repairs.

For the Roman Army Road, which did not run along the L 162, but rather ran towards the northeast slope in the village and turned in two serpentines over the hill above today's cemetery into the center of Bechtersbohl, horses were probably sufficient up to the top of the pass: In the steep ones Waste from the road (preserved in “Heidengässle”) or to the ascent from Klettgau, however, is said to have been used in Bechtersbohl.

The place name "Tanc" of Dangstetten hides an old name for a lake that served as a cattle trough. This area at today's junction to Küßnach was said to have been swampy in old times through the Schlauchenbächle / Hinterbach, so that the Romans pulled the road over the north-eastern slope.

This passage over the Rhine and then the pass, which was difficult until the 19th century, allows the consideration that accommodation was provided at these two places (today's inns at Zum Engel and Hirschen ) and in the intermediate area a spectrum of craft businesses for repairs, additions, Shoeing etc. had taken care of.

District judge and district court

A district judge is mentioned with "Johann Has von Dangstetten (1380-98)", "after 1400 the district court" in Dangstetten was held "in the open air, usually 'on the free imperial road of the Reich'".

“The state parliaments took place every two to six weeks at the various regional courts, but were responsible for the entire county. The land judge presided and was endowed with various powers, the decision-making, however, lay with the twelve judges elected for their office and confirmed by the landgrave, who should be free, i.e. not serfs. [...] The parties were usually represented by a professional advocate who accepted their concerns in court. [...] However, the Landgrave personally always remained the highest authority and highest judge. [...] The court of appeal for the regional court was the Imperial Court Court in Rottweil, later the Reich Chamber Court (1495–1806), which had its seat in different places. "

- Brigitte Matt-Willmatt in: Lauchringen , Chronik, 1985, p. 117 f.

"The executioner lived in Dangstetten in the Aussergasse, popularly known as Schindergasse."

From another source:

Dangstetten as a place of jurisdiction - Mayer quotes a document: "I Hans Guotjahr, vogt and sworn judge in the valley Kussenberg have also sat in court at Danckstetten in the village instead of and in the name of Hermann's bishops, Constentz and from special recommendation because of junior lord Goethards von Landenberg, der zyt vogt zuo Kussenberg 1471. ”(Mayer, 205 f.).

Peasants' War

Originally there was a chapel with chaplaincy in the outer bailey of the Küssaburg, which was transferred to the Klettgau Landgraves von Sulz together with the castle from the possession of the Diocese of Constance in February 1497. During the Peasants' War, the Klettgau and Küssenberg farmers besieged the fortress in 1525, but they were unable to take it. In the outer bailey, however, there was destruction: "The chapel and the benefice house and the chaplaincy's vessel were also devastated." After the defeat of the peasants, the Küssaburg was massively expanded by the Count von Sulz. so also the chapel and the chaplain’s house razed to the ground. "

The Pfaffenhuus
“With the honest efforts of the Counts von Sulz to get back into a tolerable relationship with their subjects, the question of the continued existence of the castle chaplaincy found a final, peaceful solution. On Hilarientag (January 14th) 1528 ”a contract was signed in which the farmers“ 97 items (pieces) of forfeited interest and outstanding debts ”were“ rededicated ”to the Rheinheim parish as“ building taxes ”, with the“ that in the peasant Riot devastated the benefice house and barn of the castle chaplaincy with roof, chambers, rooms, walls and all other main buildings in the village of Dangstetten, where there was already a St. Anna chapel to be rebuilt ”. The Rheinau monastery also gave its approval.

Now the Dangstetter, Rheinheimer, Reckinger and Küßnacher, who had all besieged the Küssaburg, had to build the "Pfaffenhuus" in Dangstetten: "The Küssenberger Schloßkaplanei had existed for almost 100 years." (Roder, 262).

“The expression 'Pfaffe' had no contemptuous connotation in ancient times.” (EME, 148).

Modern times

Little is known about the almost 100 years of the existence of the Dangstetten chaplain, which was created with the construction of the Pfaffenhuus and was also responsible for the castle chapel and for Küßnach, “a change brought about the establishment of the parish of Oberlauchringen in 1622, which until then was based in Thiengen was. The Counts of Sulz felt compelled to create a sufficient parish fund to move in the Sulz parishes of Grießen and Dangstetten and to merge their assets with the new parish. ”(Roder, St. Anna, 263). Perhaps it was already an official measure in the context of the Thirty Years' War that began in 1618 . The war did not reach the Klettgau until the 1630s.

For the events in the Küssaberg area see: War events around Kadelburg

The Küssaburg was destroyed in 1634 and not rebuilt. The “Pfaffenhus” went into private ownership “in the 1680s [...]; In 1831 it was bought by the community for 250 florins and half of it was designated as a poor house. "

The united chaplains

The Oberlauchringers had asked for their own chaplaincy in great words from Count Alwig and Karl Ludwig Ernst von Sulz, who jointly ruled the Landgraviate of Klettgau, and received this with grace - they had to tolerate, however, that “the three chaplains Grießen, Küssenberg and Dangstetten and their income of the parish, but with the condition that every pastor is responsible for holding a weekly mass at the three locations or, if he is unable to do so, for being represented. ”This was confirmed“ in a present at the Catholic Foundation Council in Karlsruhe Copy of the parish's letter of foundation dated December 20, 1622. “The document was issued“ by Bishop Jakob Fugger zu Kirchberg and Weißenhorn (1604–1626) in Constance. “

As early as 1639, the dignitaries of the Küssenberger Valley wanted to separate “the chaplains of Dangstetten and Küssenberg (this meant the castle chapel,“ if the castle was rebuilt ”) from the parish of Oberlauchringen, especially since their incorporation was by no means with their ancestors' knowledge and will had happened. ”Dangstetten no longer had a pastor; one would rather go to Rheinheim (the local parish was subordinate to the Rheinau monastery) and take part in an extension of the church. (Chronicle Lauchringen, 368).

Some felt undersupplied, others overburdened and the conflict billowed back and forth for decades; The authorities did not find a solution that satisfied the population, and the wrangling over maintenance, interest and payments filled the files. Statements were incomplete and there was a dispute over purchases. In addition, there were circumstances caused by numerous years of war. The pastors - especially those primarily responsible in Oberlauchringen - seem mostly to have done their best and in the 19th century the situation seemed to have calmed down; Grießen renounced itself in 1819 - the secularization , the disempowerment of the monasteries and dioceses and finally also of the regional nobility will have brought the communities a new independence. The economic system was also abolished with the “tithe replacement”.

Neither in Roder nor in the Lauchringer Chronik is there a kind of conclusion or a description of a process for the abolition of the 'general community' constructed in 1622, alongside detailed descriptions of the disputes. It can be assumed that the congregations began to regulate their affairs 'unsolicited' again.

"The St. Anna festival on July 26th was celebrated in Dangstetten as an actual festival day by the whole village until the 1830s with high mass and sermon." Read by the local pastor. “The obligation, however, to have a Saint every week (usually on Thursday) in Dangstetten. The pastors of Oberlauchringen followed suit until the beginning of the 1890s to read mass and to offer the sacraments in an emergency. "

Main street with the St. Annakirche 1919

From St. Annakapelle to St. Annakirche

"The St. Annakapelle (July 26th) in Dangstetten, of which a little bell from 1469 has still been preserved, [...] was demolished in 1899 and expanded to a little church at its current location." (Chronik Landkreis, 1957, 31).

For a long time, however, “the construction of a more spacious house of God” had been considered - “so the old chapel fell into disrepair and mass was not celebrated in it from 1894 on. The construction of the current church began in late 1900 - at the southern end of the village - and was completed in late 1901. "

The old chapel stood in the middle of the village. An inscription XV (1515) and the old Sulzian coat of arms (three points) were destroyed during the demolition. “The new building cost 38,000 marks, half of which was covered by voluntary contributions. The Gothic main altar from the workshop of the Metzger brothers from Überlingen is an ornament of the church. The newly framed and partially supplemented Sanctuary angel (16th century) on the epistle side of the choir, standing on a new iron pedestal, comes from the old chapel. ”(Roder, 268 f.).

18th century

St. Blasier Hof 1920
  • The influential Adlerwirt von Lauchringen , famous far beyond the region , “Johann Baptist Würtenberger brought Maria Anna Roder from Dangstetten home as a wife on January 17, 1729. He died as "nobilis et strictuus vir" - noble and capable man - on September 23, 1765, his wife on September 7, 1784, of which the baroque epitaph on the old churchyard wall [in Oberlauchringen] tells. "
  • "The old Bläsmische Propsteihof on the Hinterbach is still called the Bläsi-Hof and the owner August Mühlhaupt is called 'Bläsibuur'." (Information 1957, Chronik Landkreis, 31). It was a courtyard of the St. Blasien monastery .

Councilor Christian Roder

Memorial plaque to Christian Roder at the church

Christian Roder was born on December 5, 1845 in Dangstetten . After studying in Heidelberg and Freiburg, he took the state examination in classical philology in 1878. He had positions as a teacher in Karlsruhe, Schwetzingen, Villingen and Überlingen. “The order of the Villingen city and hospital archive” was his work. “From 1906 Christian Roder was vice president and first secretary of the Lake Constance History Association. The schoolteacher and researcher retired in 1912. “On May 1st, 1921 Christian Roder died in Dangstetten, his great achievement for his hometown was the new construction of St. Anna's Church. (Mayer, 206 f.).

Works on local history

  • Regesta and files on the history of the Swiss War in 1499
  • Report on the defeat of the Klettgau farmers near Lottstetten
  • The Peasants' War in the Black Forest
  • The castle chaplaincy Küssenberg and the St. Anna chapel in Dangstetten, 1903.

19th century

“In 1856 a major fire broke out that destroyed five barns. On May 2, 1860, a flood caused by a heavy downpour caused great damage. ”(Chronik Landkreis, 31).

For the upheavals in the Küssaberg area see: " End of the Middle Ages "

20th century

  • In 1926 "there is still quite a bit of wine-growing." (Mayer, 205).
Cenotaphs for the fallen of the First and Second World Wars

“24 Dangstetters fell in World War 1914/1918. The World War 1939/1945 claimed 37 dead and 9 missing. “(Chronik Landkreis, 31).

On January 1, 1973, Dangstetten was incorporated into the new municipality of Küssaberg.

  • A second chapel, “consecrated to St. Anthony, who protects cattle from epidemics and diseases, [...] (stood) until 1975 at a busy intersection at the Römerhof inn. Because the chapel severely obstructed the view, it had to be relocated. The 'Kreuzhäusle' was rebuilt with donations from the citizens and funds from the community. ”(EME, 107). Today the chapel stands halfway from the Römerhof to Reckingen.

The Antonius Chapel dates from 1668. "Since a devastating cattle epidemic (1685), a procession [...] has been held twice a year." (Chronik Landkreis, 1957, 31). After the chapel was moved, the processions also ended. On January 1, 1973, Dangstetten incorporated into the new municipality of Küssaberg.

Personalities

Remarks

  1. HaD is known today as the "younger Hallstatt period" and dates from 550 to 450 BC. BC, and still assumed to be a 'pre-Celtic' population.
  2. Another option - mostly small owners like knights - their goods also to bequeath monasteries and turning back with them was belehnen to leave and to remain beneficiaries. After the families died out at the latest, the property remained with the monasteries.
  3. Roder, 263. Today it is again in private hands.
  4. The income of the Grießemer Kaplanei, "consisting of basic interest in Grießen, Reutehof, Geißlingen, Weisweil, Riedern am Sand and Dangstetten, taxes from the house Kaltschmid and the Wilden Mann in Kaiserstuhl and the so-called Hallauer Weinzehnten, (was) for the maintenance of a chaplain too low. ”(B. Matt-Willmatt, 370).

Web links

literature

  • HW Mayer (Ed.): Home book for the district Waldshut , Verlag R. Philipp, Waldshut 1926.
  • Hans Matt-Willmatt : The chronicle of the district Waldshut. The house and home book of the district of Waldshut. Ed .: District Waldshut, foreword by District Administrator Wilfried Schäfer, Vocke-Verlag, Waldshut 1957.
  • Egon Gersbach : Prehistory of the High Rhine (finds and sites in the districts of Säckingen and Waldshut) , Ed .: State Office for Prehistory and Early History Freiburg and State Office for the Preservation of Monuments, Dept. Ur- u. Early history Karlsruhe, Badische Fund reports, special issue 11 (catalog volume), 1969.
  • Emil Müller-Ettikon : A brief overview of the history of Küssaberg. Ed .: Municipality of Küssaberg, Verlag H. Zimmermann, Waldshut 1981.
  • Christian Roder : The Schlosskaplanei Küssenberg and the St. Anne's Chapel in Dangstetten , in: Freiburg Diocesan Archive , Volume 31 = NF 4, 1903 ( digital copy )
  • Gerhard Fingerlin (Ed.), Dangstetten I and II, Volumes 22 and 69, State Monuments Office Baden-Württemberg, research and reports on prehistory and early history in Baden-Württemberg.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Dieter Planck: 500 years of Roman research in Baden-Württemberg . In: Archäologisches Landesmuseum Baden-Württemberg (Ed.): Imperium Romanum. Rome's provinces on the Neckar, Rhine and Danube . Accompanying volume for the exhibition of the state of Baden-Württemberg in the Stuttgart art building. Esslingen am Neckar 2005, ISBN 3-8062-1945-1 , p. 24 : "The accidental discovery of building remains near Dangstetten in 1967 and the subsequent rescue excavation brought completely new insights into the early Roman history of southern Germany"
  2. ^ HW Mayer (Hrsg.): Heimatbuch für den Amtsgebiet Waldshut , Verlag R. Philipp, Waldshut 1926, p. 205. Hereafter referred to as the source with 'Mayer'.
  3. Further literature in Gersbach (including E. Wagner, Fundstätten 1, 1908, 130 f. Fig. 82.) and “whereabouts: Landesmuseum Karlsruhe , Inv. No. C. 8885–8894. “( Egon Gersbach : Urgeschichte des Hochrheins. (Catalog volume), Badische Fundberichte. Special issue 11, publisher: State Office for Prehistory and Early History Freiburg, 1969. P. 128 f.)
  4. Emil Müller-Ettikon : Brief overview of the history of Küssaberg , 1985, p. 18.
  5. Wolf Pabst: Gates and Portals in: [1] .
  6. ^ With B. Matt-Willmatt / Karl-Friedrich Hoggenmüller: Lauchringen. Chronicle of a community , 1985, numerous examples of proceedings, including witch trials. See also: The Galgenbuck .
  7. Christian Roder : The Castle Chaplaincy Küssenberg and the St. Anne's Chapel in Dangstetten , in: Freiburg Diocesan Archive , Volume 31 = NF 4, 1903, p. 260 f.
  8. B. Matt-Willmatt in: Lauchringen Chronik , p. 361 f.
  9. ^ B. Matt-Willmatt in: Chronik Lauchringen , 1985, p. 331.
  10. ^ List after Mayer, 207.
  11. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 505 .
  12. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 505 .

Coordinates: 47 ° 36 '  N , 8 ° 19'  E