History of leek rings
The municipality of Lauchringen was created in 1971 "due to the law to strengthen the administrative power of smaller municipalities of March 26, 1968 of the State of Baden-Württemberg ( territorial and administrative reform )" in the district of Waldshut through the merger of the two localities Oberlauchringen and Unterlauchringen. Oberlauchringen is historically much older, with traces of early history and, due to its traffic situation, housed important institutions until the 19th century .
Historiographical conditions
The local history is shaped by the river Wutach - formerly also called "Wütende Ach" - which made life difficult for many residents due to its raging floods until it was regulated in 1816. In addition, the Wutach already meandered strongly from Horheim and together with the Klettgau brooks, which at that time had more water, the plain was swampy over a large area and for a long time only the slopes could be settled because of the vermin.
The mill at Lauffen is very old; However, the location of today's Unterlauchringen was only capable of development after the Wutach regulation from 1816 by Johann Gottfried Tulla .
Franz Xaver Beck in his History of Klettgau from 1806 describes Unterlauchringen "as a small village on a stony plain on the right bank of the Wutach."
This refers to the hill that lay in the arch of the Wutach on the Reiherwald and leads from the bridge there on the road to the market square and church square. All the area with today's swimming pool, the sports field up to the " Ried " (= wet area) and the confluence with the Steina was barely settable until regulation. Even after the straightening - on the district map from 1881 - next to a still extensive meadow area at most arable land is shown.
Until the 17th century, “Lauchringen” only meant today's Oberlauchringen. The two places are recorded as separate for the first time on a map by Hans Conrad Gyger in 1667.
Early history
During the construction of the Federal Highway 98 in 1991, a cave was found in which a small piece of jaw with three Placodus teeth was discovered. After a brief exploration by experts, the cave was closed again.
Bronze age
According to the findings of Egon Gersbach in 1969, at the time “there were two apparently independent, Hallstatt-era burial mound groups between Bundesstraße 314 and the southern foot of the Wiggenberg. […] The western group comprises ten large and small hills; […] The six hills of the eastern one, on the other hand, are grouped more loosely. ”This is followed by precise information on the diameter and height of the hills.
.jpg)
In 1969, the then still independent municipality of Oberlauchringen ...
“... a commercial development plan in the area of the municipal forest 'Wiggenberg', which extends north and north-east of the village, was drawn up. As a result, 12 grave mounds were acutely endangered, so that they had to be completely excavated in 1971/72. The earth cairns yielded findings from the Hallstatt period and evidence of an earlier occupation in the middle and outward Bronze Age burial mounds . With the construction of the A 98 (Hochrheinautobahn), two more mounds had to be excavated in 1990. "
During the planned expansion of the industrial park in 2017, one of the last three remaining burial mounds got in the way. Mayor Thomas Schäuble's suggestion: “We should launch excavations and make the area accessible to the public” was countered by the monument office of the Stuttgart Regional Council “with the high costs for this.” As a result, “part of the originally planned area is omitted.” The location of the listed hill has now been established.
Romans
It should be taken into account that until modern times the area around the confluence of the streams from the Klettgau ( Klingengraben and Schwarzbach , united to Kotbach) with the Wutach was a floodplain, so that settlements were only possible in surrounding, higher or more distant areas.
“In 1861 'funnel-shaped pits' and 'traces of burnt lime' were cut when the railway was being built to the northwest of Oberlauchringen. The 1.5–1.8 m wide pits contained charcoal and burnt stones, and bones and ceramics were found 'about 1 m deep'. The latter were determined to be Roman by A. von Bayer, who was then the curator of art monuments and antiquities.
18 Roman coins, of which only six can be identified, are not mentioned in the find report from 1861, but according to K. Bissinger they are also said to come from here. The finds are lost today or can no longer be found in the BLM ( Badisches Landesmuseum Karlsruhe). "
The Obere Talweg on the slope north of Oberlauringen can be a visible indication of Roman development - the rather massive subsoil, the lateral (drainage) ditch and the straight lines in continuation of the archaeological site below the Küssenberg to the partially dug manor near Grießen suggest to a Roman road.
Regarded as secured in local history research, but not protected as a ground monument , lies a section of the Roman Army Road in the district of Oberlauchringen , which led from the Alpine region over the pass into the northern Klettgau via Hallau to Stühlingen / Schleitheim (Roman town of Juliomagus ). This section, which is still clearly visible, led from Bechtersbohl at the foot of the Küssaburg in a straight line to the Klettgau level and there turned east towards Erzingen .
The archaeologist Jürgen Trumm formulates:
“At the foot of the Küssaburg, where the old route of the 'Heidengäßchen' crosses the rubble of the 'Heidenstadt', the Freiburg historian Heinrich Schreiber undertook the first 'digs' as early as 1844. Further probes followed in 1889 and 1896/98, with wall sections and remains of wooden structures being found in several places. In 1963, observations during the construction of a water pipeline revealed Roman findings over a distance of at least 175 m. "
Still on the slope below the castle, near today's serpentine road, a Gallo-Roman temple was excavated in 1995 , the origin of which can be dated from around 70 AD (bronze minting of Vespasian ) based on the coin finds .
The square of the temple could only be seen through the wall foundations, of which "rising masonry with a maximum of two stone layers as well as remnants of a gravel walkway [..] were only (had) preserved on the south corner of the cella ."
Aerial photographs showed that wall structures of another five buildings can still be seen in the area. A Roman estate is "hardly" considered a location factor:
“Not far from the temple, the trunk road from the Upper Rhine to the Upper Danube probably met with the right bank of the Rhine, which led from Lake Constance to the bend of the Rhine in Basel. It can be assumed that the entire complex had its livelihood in the flow of goods and people passing by. "
The excavation was completed in 1996, further investigations could not be undertaken for various reasons, including financial reasons, the area was covered again and is protected as an archaeological ground monument.
Alemanni
Since there are no written mentions of the Upper Rhine region from Roman times, the earliest reference to localities is the name, with the ending -ingen indicating an Alemannic settlement existence. This was possible after the last Roman troops withdrew from the Upper Rhine line in the middle of the 5th century. Since around 300 AD the river was already a border against the Germanic migration of peoples , but the Romans probably still dominated the apron up to the Wutach, so that settlements near the Rhine can only be assumed from the 6th century.
It took another 300 years until the Germanic empires were formed after the victories of the Franks under Clovis over the Alamanni (496 AD), and supra-regional rulership structures, which were also related to the founding of monasteries, and thus the circulation of money and correspondence again spread . Traditional documents refer almost exclusively to property relationships.
"The finds of remains of Roman culture (clay vessels) made during the construction of the railway, as well as the uncovering of an Alemannic cemetery with large plate graves (iron weapons and pieces of gold and silver jewelry) indicate the old age of the settlement of Leek rings." The whereabouts of the finds are unknown.
middle Ages
No finds are available for a settlement belonging to the Alemannic burial ground. In general, it is because the Alamanni, unlike the Romans, built exclusively with wood and did not build any castles. Roman places were avoided - a circumstance that was reflected in names of winners from the early Christianization onwards; for example in combinations with "Heiden" such as Heidenäcker or Heidengäßle for the old Roman road to Bechtersbohl, which was used here as the only connection until the 19th century.
Prehistory of Oberlauchringe
First mention
The first document - "a Rheinau monastery document, in which the place name Lauchringen appears - and that means Oberlauchringen as the older of the two settlements - was issued in Lauchringen itself between April 20 and June 20, 860."
Incorrectly dated document
Before the chronicle of Brigitte Matt-Willmatt and Karl-Friedrich Hoggenmüller from 1986, the literature mentions a document from 844, which was considered the first documentary mention, but "questioned by recent research and [..] to the year 901 / 02 "was dated. The argument of B. Matt-Willmatt and Hoggenmüller is that "the documentary tradition for the Rheinau Benedictine monastery , which was founded towards the end of the 8th century, [...] did not (start) until the middle of the 9th century." (Chronicle, Pp. 27 and 69).
Even after the defeat of the Alemanni against the Franks, they were able to maintain a certain autonomy under their own dukes. There were numerous uprisings. The Franconian Empire, founded around 800 under Charlemagne , subsequently split up into Carolingian sub-empires from 843 onwards through inheritance divisions; Alemannia belonged to Eastern Franconia , which was being dissolved at the time the Lauchring certificate was issued (860).
This also threatened regional nobles in their possessions and so at this point in time a variety of (notarized) transfers of ownership to monasteries can be observed, the boards of which were mostly such nobles - the Klettgaugraf Gozbert was also abbot of the Rheinau monastery. At that time, the monasteries had their own central rulership structure in connection with large dioceses, which were connected to the most powerful Franconian ruler, so that these were mostly donations to 'obtain salvation', simply political acts of salvation Possession went.
The gallows buck
A place that is still strange to this day, which presumably represented a settlement or hiding place early on, is the Galgenbuck, an execution site east of Lauchringen in the Middle Ages . It is a tree-lined hill in the extreme western area of the Klettgau plain not far from Oberlauchringen. Here there are three rock elevations in a row, which consist of Nagelfluh . Originally, such rock formations were frequent in the plain, even if not of this size and extent. In the 19th and 20th centuries they were mostly removed in order to create uniform agricultural areas. The place was the "execution site of the Klettgau". It has been handed down: In the "Schindergasse" in Dangstetten ...
“... lived the Landgrave Sulzische executioner Master Melcher and his son Master Jacob. According to the records, they were true masters in their field. Many poor sinners and the witch Veronika von Bühl , a poor innocent woman, were executed at the Oberlauchringer execution site. [19. December 1682] […] The Free Imperial Court of Justice once met in the courtroom of the 'Adler' . To the east of the village stood the gallows, where the bones of those executed were found years ago. "
Between the first and middle part of the rock there is an open space that is now a festival hut. In the 19th century, a small gravel pit was created at this point, which was then used to dispose of all kinds of household items, but has recently been refilled. The place was (therefore) popular with the traveling people in the 1960s and 70s - like the neighboring begging kitchen above the Schlossbuck near Schwerzen - also as a temporary storage place. It can be assumed that the late medieval execution site was once located here - the population, who used to gather in large numbers from the surrounding area for these events (hanging or beheading), had a good view of the processes from the surrounding elevations. Findings on the Buck and in its surroundings have also given the site uses in prehistoric times:
Under upper garlic rings. Galgenbuck writes Egon Gersbach: “Shortly before the First World War, a ax hammer was found in a gravel pit northeast of the village. The gravel pit is located on a wide terrace area in the Klettgau valley immediately south of the Waldshut – Erzingen railway line, during the construction of which a black layer of culture was cut through and destroyed at this point. The place is perfect for a Neolithic settlement . "Note:" Beilhammer made of amphibolite with angled central bore and well-ground cutting edge. L. 13.3 cm. Whereabouts: Formerly Priv-Coll. [Private collection] A. Hartmann, Oberlauchringen. “Jürgen Trumm does not rule out that the 'Finds 1861' (see above) as well as the aerial photo 1983 can be assigned to the Galgenbuck area.
The area of the sites is endangered today by the construction of the bypass of Oberlauchringen, but according to a newspaper article "the monument office will also take a look at the area."
The counties
"The counts in Klettgau , appointed under the Frankish rulers as representatives of royal power, exercised their office until the end of the 11th century"; In the following " emperorless time " the nobility was able to enforce the inheritance of the office of count, first the Rüdlingen-Stühlinger (with extension to the Alpgau ) and as successor "the Lords of Küssenberg , documented in 1135 and with the title of count in 1177".
Further certification of Lauchringen
During this period, Lauchringen was briefly highlighted, because in 1150 a royal document ( Konrad III ) named in a series of witnesses “a noble family resident in Lauchringen [...] with the 'liber viri Bertoldus, Adelbero and Marcwardus de Lochiringin '".
Only long afterwards do local documents become known again; “1239 and 1245 on the occasion of the transfer of a property to Lauchringen by the knight Gerung called Strubel to the monastery of St. Blasien.” (Chronicle, 27). The name of this monastery also indicates the increasing influence of this Rhenish foundation in the Black Forest.
The monastery of St. Blaise was as well Rheinau competing and opposed to the powerful Bishop Eberhard of Constance , who after the death of the last kisses Berger Count Henry, the Küssaburg could take and the surrounding areas in possession. It is the age in which the church had already largely extended its influence to include political power.
Regionally, the barons of Krenkingen had the say, as they owed them at least since 1170, when Diethelm von Krenkingen became Abbot of Reichenau and 1189 Bishop of Constance . The Altkrenkinger founded the city of Tiengen; the younger line "Krenkingen-Weißenburg", however, sealed its downfall through "presumptuous and violent actions [...] as monastery governors" in Rheinau. Count Rudolf von Habsburg put an end to this, who in 1274 took possession of Neukrenkingen Castle near Riedern am Sand and, as king, destroyed the Weißenburg (near Weisweil) in 1288 . (Chronicle, 29).
The Habsburgs carried out a kind of “territorial reorganization” in southern Germany and “in the years 1303 to 1308 the Habsburg land register was recorded”, which now also mentions “Oberlauchringen” with numerous goods, rights and economic taxes - an indication that now also includes the The existence of a village 'Unterlauchringen' could be assumed. (Chronicle, 31).
This land register also records a “ Taferne ” in Oberlauchringen , which is considered the first mention of the Adler inn .
.jpg)
Gasthaus Adler
After the land register in 1308, the "dafern" was given the "Tafernrecht" and "was already a manorial property under the rule of the barons of Krenkingen and one of the oldest inns in the country." The next mention comes from the 15th century - In 1441 the Count family Sulz sold “the Täfren zu Obern Loucheringen” to Hans Schach the Elder, citizen of Laufenburg , for barely 125 gold guilders. (Chronicle, 323).
In 1578 the eagle was rebuilt and expanded - it is likely that it was already being prepared for a function as a station for the Imperial Post .
There were multiple bills of exchange for the ownership of the restaurant and the land connected to it with income, interest and debts; It was not until 1602 that a function of the house became known - as a meeting place for the regional court and “the meeting place for representatives of Emperor Rudolf II , Count Rudolf von Sulz and the peasants who rebelled against the latter because of his mismanagement.” (Chronicle, 335) . In fact, the count had to hand over the rule to his brother Karl Ludwig and the regulation, the “farewell”, was made - according to the source - on January 27, 1603 “in the post office in Oberlauchringen”. (Chronicle, p. 39). The function as a post office is thus also documented.
1622 the property is described in more detail, with gardens, fields and meadows in the vicinity, also in the district of Schwerzen and near Bechtersbohl with vineyards. A detailed award letter from Count Johann Ludwig von Sulz , Landgrave in Klettgau, to Hans Seemann, fisherman in Tiengen (transfer of the "stately fishing water in the Wutach" to the customs collection at the Wutach Bridge) shows detailed details of agreements at that time (Chronicle p. 325 ff.), But “the constant change of tenants” finally persuaded the landgrave to sell (together with the inn “Zum Engel in Rheinheim”).
In 1686 owned by the Carl Würtenberger family, "the most glamorous period in its history began for the traditional inn." (Chronik, 329).
The Habsburg Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire , Joseph II , stopped at the Adler from August 9th to 10th, 1781 at the end of an extended journey on the way back from Paris to Vienna :
After the last stage from the County of Montbéliard, which at that time belonged to Württemberg , Joseph preferred a simple quarter in the country - in the Adler post office in Oberlauchringen - to an urban spectacle, “although postman von Kilian in Waldshut had tried very hard to get it Favor to partake. "
The older tradition of the rural bases of the Imperial Post Office also had an effect here, because the cities had closed their gates for a long time at night. The postman Johann Baptist Würtenberger was also - according to the text on the portrait of the emperor - "as much appreciated at the Imperial Court of Vienna as it is in Klettgau ." This acquaintance, too, led the emperor to prefer staying at the Adler.
Modern times
The turn from the 15th century to the 16th century is referred to as "modern times" . As epochal turning points are cited as the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople in 1453 (even at Philipp Melanchthon ), the invention of printing in 1450, the discovery of America in 1492 , which in 1517 by Martin Luther placed on the path Reformation and with Nicolaus Copernicus in 1543 incipient Copernican turn , in which the geocentric worldview was replaced by the heliocentric one.
History of lower garlic rings
The traditional history of the village basically begins with two documents, because on August 23, 1433 (unsecured also on August 29), the "Loffenmühli" is mentioned in a Kadelburg document as the boundary point of the "Hettenärs" forest district (today probably part of the heron forest) .
“On the Friday after St. Martin's Day, November 13, 1433, another document was drawn up at an unnamed place about the pledging of the village of Unterlauchringen by Heinrich the Elder of Erzingen to his son-in-law Peter (man in law) who was married to his daughter Clara (Clerlin) von Erzingen ) issued by Offenburg near Basel. [...] How Unterlauchringen came to the von Erzingen family cannot be proven. Since the Lords of Erzingen had taken over possession of the Lauchringer district from the Lords of Krenkingen-Weißenburg, it is obvious that Unterlauchringen had also come into their hands from the Krenkingeners ”(Chronicle, 32 and 34).
In a Tiengen document of 1483, two Unterlauchringers appear to confirm the town's pasture district and on July 4, 1504, they were named as a group: “The 'Mühlin an der Wut am Loffen near Nieder Loucheringen', which was owned by the manor, was (Rudolf Müller von Pffäfigheim, today Pfäffikon / Canton Zurich) was awarded for life by Count Rudolf von Sulz. ”(Chronicle, 155). Also here a frequent change, a detailed descriptive document uses "Wutten" for the river Wutach and names a "Lauffenbruck".
Neither the Peasants 'War nor the Thirty Years' War are reflected in the continuous changes of ownership or user, the mill seems to have endured.
Centuries of wars
The population of the Klettgau and Wutach area in 1444 (" Armagnaken ") was tormented by vicious war expeditions and raids , while the confederates ravaged the region in 1455 and 1468.
In 1499 in the " Swiss or Swabian War ", the population had changed sides and again paid dearly for it:
In the last weeks before the peace treaty on September 22nd, 1499 “the residents of Klettgau suffered a terrible fate”, because they had now opposed their master, Count Rudolf von Sulz , and relied on the freedom of the confederates . The count had the villages plundered and pillaged "without mercy". The Lauchringen places are not mentioned, perhaps this had something to do with the owner of Unterlauchringen, Peter Offenburg , presumably the son of the above named, who finally sold the village to the Count von Sulz on October 22, 1513. It was then only a few years until the Peasants' War.
Peasants' War 1524/1525
Solid old as well as more recent research see the causes of the Peasant War as the new developments in a time of upheaval - a sense of justice increasing through oppression and thus suffering, an 'education' of the "raw people" beginning with the spread of printed writings, along with the religious one initiated by Luther Renewal, which also implied equality between people.
In addition, there were political and economic developments - the expansion of the 'radius' through traffic and trade, the development of cities - also boosted the self-confidence of the producers. The role of the "preachers and predicants" is seen as ambivalent in research, who - even under 'understanding' rulers - provoked "indignation and bitterness at such upheaval":
"Only from this coincidence of socio-economic circumstances and distinctly religious reasons can the vehemence of the unifying and firing will be explained, which makes the events of 1525 appear not as an episode in German history, but as an epochal process."
However, this point of view does not go to the heart of the survey: The social and legal disadvantages, especially of the serf farmers - “heavy burdens and regulations” - and the experience of the (relatively) free life in the urban societies that have now emerged, pushed for uprising. In addition, on the Upper Rhine there was the direct example of the independent peasantry of federally constituted Switzerland.
In addition, the Upper Rhine region was economically important due to its fertility. The large Klettgau villages were oriented towards the Swiss Confederation anyway and were protected by the City of Zurich through an agreement with the Sulzer Count . This was still a consequence of the previous Swiss War, because with this regulation the Confederates created a counterweight to the 'power center' Küssaburg .
So the sparks ignited first in the area:
“In May 1524 the farmers refused to pay the owed taxes to the St. Blasien Monastery , on June 23 the farmers of the Landgraviate of Stühlingen revolted and in August of the same year allied themselves with the city under their leader Hans Müller von Bulgenbach , a former mercenary Waldshut, who under the influence of Pastor Dr. Balthasar Hubmaier introduced the Reformation and revolted against Austria . ”(Chronicle, 125).
Since the (Sulzian) Klettgauer were also under the power of the Counts to issue ordinances - it was 'legislation' that was also regionally in the hands of the respective ruling house - they turned to Zurich at the beginning of October 1524 with a request for remedial action: “They supported ostensibly not the open rebellion against the Count von Sulz, but only gave the Klettgauer backing for the free preaching of the gospel ”.
In return, the Sulzer seems to have 'tightened the reins' through his local representative, because "at the end of October the farmers refused to obey the governor Johann Jakob von Heidegg, who resided in Küssaburg."
In the background, diplomacy came into play - the Zurichers forbade Hans Müller any influence and “at the invitation of Archduke Ferdinand , the farmers should present their complaints to an arbitration tribunal meeting in Stockach and refrain from any further uproar.” This was the intervention of the 'great power' Relationship that the population faced with the deputies was only vaguely aware of.
About negotiations (there is no information on this) it was now winter and the farmers reacted surprisingly:
"Their answer was the siege of the Küssaburg in January 1525. Without the hope of arms help from the people of Zurich, they would hardly have dared such an approach."
This hope was disappointed, but the city supported the complaint against the count, which was now "presented in 44 points": "An agreement between the peasants [...] and the Sulzian rule [...] remained without result, as neither side wanted to give in and the Landgrave, being aware of his military superiority, probably saw no reason to do so. "
The 44 complaints
It is noteworthy that "no lawsuit against the usual tithes and land charges" was cited - this 'ancient' right to rule (including the monasteries) was not touched, but it was differentiated and also broken down according to the localities (19 points) , Complaint against 'regulations' made. Seven of them concerned leek rings:
The first related to the use of mills - especially the " Bannmühle von Oberlauchringen". It was considered "the most important manorial mill in the Landgraviate of Klettgau", first mentioned in 1357. The bearers were local nobles - for a long time the Lords of Erzingen - remarkably in the fief of the Landgrave von Stühlingen, it was not until the 18th century that it changed to the Landgrave of Klettgau, Rudolf II von Sulz. For centuries, the inhabitants of Grießen and Geißlingen were forced to drive to the Bannmühle in Oberlauchringen. Not only fruit was ground, but also plaster of paris. In 1791 a sawmill was added.
The second complaint is directed against a "Herr von Sulz" who leads his flock of sheep to Lauchringer pastures without any prior consultation.
Then in the wording: "All junk and vessels that one has to wash in the Schloss Küssenberg, are taken to Leekringen, and when it is washed, the poor people have to take it to the castle." Then it comes to wood, that of the governor's servants are cut down "whatever pleases him without permission"; for any doses of forage oats; about subscription rights of the parish, which Sulzer collects; Flood damage caused by Wutach and Schwarzbach, which is not included in the “interest” as a loss of income.
It becomes clear in the entire 'catalog of complaints' that it is about resistance to increasing arbitrariness and to new regulations that are perceived as nonsensical - for example, about entering into marriages; the prohibition of hunting, the labor in hunts of the rulership, road tolls, increased fines; the "costs passed on to the 'poor people' by the regional court with twelve judges."
At the "settlement negotiations of the city of Zurich in March 1525, Heinrich Hartmann von Oberlauchringen" represented the concerns of the farmers together with men from Grießen, Berwangen and Dangstetten. No agreement was reached.
After that there was a kind of calm, "so that as the leader of the farmers, Klaus Meyer von Grießen was in charge of the Klettgau until the summer."
.jpg)
The progress according to the Lauchringer Chronicle:
“In June 1525, the farmers again moved to the Küssaburg and, in the name of 'the County of Klettgau and the entire Evangelical Brotherhood', demanded that Landvogt von Heidegg and Count Wolfermann von Sulz, brother of Landgrave Rudolf von Sulz, open and hand over the castle , 'Because we are greatly burdened by this castle'. Since the active help expected from Zurich did not materialize, the farmers agreed to a ceasefire from June 29th to St. Verena Day (September 1st). "
On July 25, 1525, a contract was negotiated with the farmers' representatives in Radolfzell - with a period of reflection on August 22; But this "the Klettgau peasantry immediately refused to give their consent, mainly because they did not want to commit themselves to keeping old Christian orders as they were from ancient times in their churches."
This obligation to the traditional church ritual, which the peasant negotiators did not find so important, had acquired a surprisingly high importance in the population through the Reformation teachings - such as the equality of people and justice. Because it was clear that now the guns would speak.
“The decisive battle took place on November 4, 1525 near and in Grießen, where around a thousand Klettgau farmers had gathered, supported by a small group of confederates. They faced 1000 infantry and over 500 horsemen under the command of Ritter Fuchs von Fuchsberg . In a grueling battle (according to Hug's Villinger Chronicle ) 500 farmers were killed, while Heinrich von Küssenberg gives the number of fallen soldiers as 200 in his chronicle and the number of wounded was certainly very high. The Gottesacker [hill of the Grießen church with cemetery] had become a refuge for around 300 farmers until they had to surrender after midnight. Many also died in the houses set on fire by soldiers. "
Afterwards, retaliation was exercised, "many had their oath fingers cut off, others fined up to 100 guilders, and all suffered from the looting and acts of violence by the soldiers."
Now the rule dictated the conditions - "to be obedient and to do everything as before the indignation", punishment to "body and property": "The fine falls half and half to Austria and the Count of Sulz." The old order in the Churches were reintroduced, the large church bells withdrawn; Fugitives could be killed at will, prisoners came to the Küssaburg. (Quotes from the chapter The Peasants' War 1524/25 in: Chronik, pp. 125 to 128).
For the next nearly 100 years, the records are sparse, ...
In 1597 there was a “rebellion” of the Klettgau subjects against Landgrave Rudolf IV von Sulz for the first time , but ways of life had now become recognizably 'civilized', so that processes or actions like those of the Peasant War no longer appeared possible. The complaints were still about direct tribulations such as “mill pressure”, but above all about new “national” demands such as “against all customs and traditions through Turkish tax and Reich surcharge.” They immediately turned to Zurich to get that through the rule "to put out kindled fires and to fight back the beginnings".
Mayor and City Council exhorted his subjects, "of all violent rebellion and action to distance" and set on 25 May 1597 a letter to the Count, who in turn based on Emperor Rudolf II. Sought the "Count Friedrich von Fürstenberg with the mediator role. "There were first compromises, but" the unrest continued, [...] also because a renewed Reformation movement played a role here, in which Grießen was a focus, as in the Reformation. "The negotiations dragged on for many years; Ober- and Unterlauchringen, like the communities in the Küssenberger Valley, remained exempt from imperial taxes, but in 1600 the Oberlauchringer with Thebus Hartmann during the negotiations in Tiengen Castle and on January 27, 1603 in the “Posthaus zu Oberlauchringen” with “Altvogt Hans Mathis, Thebus Hartmann , Hans Haberstock and Wagner Hans Weicher ”. An agreement had been reached and the count Karl Ludwig von Sulz was paid homage as the new sovereign.
However, the fact that socially more 'civilized' times had dawned with negotiations that were now differentiated and willing to compromise turned out to be a cruel disappointment.
Thirty Years' War
While the Confederates were now considered lucky, since the Thirty Years War only touched them marginally, from 1632 onwards it brought unprecedented devastation north of the Rhine . In Europe the peoples had now formed into nations and states and the armies deployed destroyed entire regions on their trains. Whether Swedes, French or 'imperial' made hardly any difference.
The Klettgau farmers resisted, raised 600 infantry, but were defeated on May 8, 1633 by the French Colonel Villefranche with 300 riders in a bloody battle near Lottstetten .
The report on the consequences of the fight near Lottstetten names the names of the 11 fallen from Oberlauchringen and 5 from Unterlauchringen as well as the 11 Oberlauchring prisoners (and their ransom), it accurately accounts for the damage listed by households to what the French and Swedes " was carried away with cattle, horse, fruit and wine, stolen and spoiled ”.
The report is a unique document on the population of Oberlauchringen, because “it cannot be assumed that the soldiers forgot a house while looting.” 55 households and their board members, with the dead, are named. In addition to the misery of these war years, which were associated with famine due to the looting, there was "the plague and other epidemics" from 1629 to 1636, after the war smallpox was rampant (1656 to 1659). (Chronicle, 129 to 134).
Until the end of the war in 1648, the land was squeezed out with billeting and contributions "and only through the mediation of the people of Zurich [...] was the complete downfall of the Klettgau prevented, as one chronicler notes." Two decades later, the population suffered from oppressive debts - in fact up to to the next war, the War of the Dutch Succession (1672–1679), which brought no devastation but almost uninterrupted billeting of troops from 1677 to 1679:
“The people were once again squeezed out to the last, and the government or the Vogt were supposed to raise a new levy almost every month. […] The debts of this war were hardly paid ”, followed in 1688 by the Palatinate War of Succession (until 1697), which demanded 10,000 guilders in the first year of the Landgraviate of Klettgau (valuation), and the subsequent War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714) also took place 'outside' des Klettgau, but “the Oberlauchringers had not paid off their treasury debts in 1729.” As early as 1733, costs were collected from the population for the next war that began in 1740 between Prussia and Austria ( War of the Austrian Succession , until 1748): “The burden of taxes was overwhelming. "
“For almost half a century, the landscape, communities and people were able to recover from the plagues of wars that followed each other for over a century, before the French Revolution of 1789 and in its wake the Revolutionary Wars (1792–97) and the Napoleonic Wars (1799–1802 and 1805-07) and the Wars of Liberation (1813-1815) plunged them into new ruin over two decades. ”(Chronicles 136 to 142).
In 1687 the era of the Counts of Sulz ended; without male heirs, Count Johann Ludwig von Sulz had transferred the rule to his daughter Maria Anna, who was married to Prince Ferdinand von Schwarzenberg, who founded the Schwarzenbergs Landgraviate after her death in 1698.
With an administrative reform, Ober- and Unterlauchringen with the Lauffenmühle came to the rule of Wutental , founded in 1410, consisting of Wutöschingen, Schwerzen, Willmendingen and now Degernau. In 1783 Wutental was dissolved as an office and both Lauchringer places were assigned to the Oberamt Tiengen.
On August 10, 1806, Grand Duke Karl-Friedrich von Baden was transferred to the state sovereignty in Klettgau, after which a large number of rights and laws had to be transferred and “On August 22, 1812, Tiengen was formally taken over by a grand ducal court commission, which marked a new era begins in the history of the Klettgau and the communities of Ober- and Unterlauchringen. ”(Chronicle, 38 to 40).
19th century
In the background , the reorganization of Germany was a work of Napoleon , who combined small territories such as the landgravates into "central states that are too weak to turn against France, but still strong enough to consolidate France's position against Austria." The administrative reforms required by this gradually lost their foundation. The elimination of the 'inner' customs borders alone gave trade and economy a strong impetus (including road construction); The importance of diverse vocational qualifications (school and education) was recognized - there was material and design (organizational) progress at all levels. At the same time with growing responsibility and the awareness of social contexts, the need for more freedom and independence arose - also from political patronage.
Napoleon, who had triggered the 'restructuring' of Europe - in the interests of France - was still a representative of “the conservative, supranational forces of the nobility and dynasties” who lost their power across Europe after the wars of liberation and his overthrow: “It happens everywhere Surveys in Spain, Portugal and Greece etc., on the July Revolution in France with the aftermath in Belgium and Poland. In the Confederation, at the instigation of the Democrats, the federal state of Switzerland is formed. The development in the Grand Duchy of Baden is strongly influenced by the events in France and Switzerland. "
Revolution 1848/49
The great powers Prussia and Austria (with Bavaria) still succeed in preventing the political overthrow, but the transformation of the situation is progressing; the bourgeoisie enforces the establishment of “constitutions” that guarantee political and economic freedoms. The democratization process can no longer be stopped.
The willingness to change is particularly high in Baden and finds a leader in Hecker in Konstanz, who organized a “ revolutionary march ” in April 1848 - “The group also included the column of Weißhaars from Lottstetten, who brought together around 1,500 vigilantes from Klettgau. "
The enthusiasm also went to Oberlauchringen, the Baden Revolution became a 'community matter': drums, gunpowder and lead (also from the communities of Tiengen and Zurzach) were bought and acknowledged for the vigilante groups "Delivery of weapons including 25 rifles with bayonets [...] which were owned by the community, ie for the vigilantes."
During the revision of the municipal accounts in 1848 ('by the Prussians'), the administration of the matter proved to have grown: the drum was needed “to strike a fire alarm”, and weapons were used to defend against “the rabble” in the area. The gunpowder was intended for the “Corpus Christi shooting in 1848”, “which the Bavarian military then took from the Oberlauch wrestlers. [...] These were the soldiers of the 8th Company of the 3rd Inf. Regiment 'Prinz Karl' who had occupied the place in June. "After the uprisings flared up again in May 1849," (lay) in July 1849 Baden, then Hessian and Mecklenburg troops in the village, followed in autumn by Prussian infantry. ”The billeting lasted until 1851, and the community's gun owners are also listed by name in the chronicle; including pastor and mayor who was deposed. (Chronicle, 639-658).
There was also revolutionary activity in the then much smaller Unterlauchringen; but not until 1849, in the second phase of the surveys: Also for “equipment, mobilization and moving out of the vigilante group” there were considerable costs, “which were made in an ancillary account of the community, which unfortunately could not be found in the community archive.” Also the billing costs for the occupation troops only date from 1849.
In Unterlauchringen the "factory-industrial processing [...] in the Lauffenmühle " dominated even before the middle of the century and this may have something to do with the later phase of the uprisings through the involvement of the workers.
Upper garlic rings
Despite its large and fertile area, Oberlauchringen was not a rich community in the early centuries, “which was not least due to the fact that it was and never was on the thoroughfare from Basel to Schaffhausen and the connection from Switzerland to the Wutach Valley at its entrance was able to recover from the disastrous effects of troop movements, billeting and contributions. "
Damage was caused again and again by floods "above all the Wutach, which was divided into several arms, but also by the watercourse called Kotbach after the confluence of the Schwarzbach [from Grießen] and the Klingengraben [from Erzingen]."
Although a lot of money flowed into the village through ford and bridge money, the post station and also the traditional 'meeting place Gasthof Adler' (customs collection) as well as the Bannmühle, but without exception into the coffers of the rulers.
In 1690 there was also a fire accident that "killed 55 households." (Chronicle, 235 f.)
The Oberlauchring village debts remained proverbial until the 19th century. A list from 1807 [after the transition to Baden] shows that "32 horses, 93 oxen and 137 cows were in about 60 stables." (Chronik, 247).
The main problem with the forces of nature for the Oberlauchringer was the water. Up to Weisweil there was a dispute with the Klettgauer about improvements to the regulation of the stream inflows - the Kotbach often became "a raging river". Not to mention the Wutach, which caused floods several times a year, to which bridges, weirs and emergency dams offered hardly any resistance. After the tributaries (in the Wutach with several, constantly changing arms and islands) unified at Oberlauchringen, "the Unterlauchringer (had) their trouble with the Wutach [...] Only at the Lauffenmühle does the water narrow between rock faces."
The flow correction phase began in 1812; it was about responsibilities, routing, legal regulations and money. The "Rhine corrector", engineer Johann Gottfried Tulla , became the planner and builder . In 1816 the first section of the stretch from Oberlauchringen to Degernau was straightened, in 1821 to Ofteringen, "In 1848 work had progressed to Untereggingen [...] but even after the river was straightened, the wild Wutach often did not adhere to the prescribed river bed." Oberlauchringen was still in 1880 partially flooded and "the regulation of the Wutach still required significant efforts". (Chronicle, 260 to 270).
The systematic expansion of roads had also begun at the end of the 18th century, and particularly noteworthy was the [..] correction of the Burgsteige between Oberlauchringen and Bechtersbohl, to which both communities contributed, to increase the 15% incline defuse". The Roman road leading up and down the mountain in a straight line was 'defused' here and thus served its purpose for almost 1900 years. It was originally paved (stone slabs with a double carriage track) until the slabs were removed and also used for the construction of the Küssaburg. In Roman times (15 BC to the middle of the 5th century), a haulage company worked on the Steige, which hauled transport wagons with oxen to handle loading and unloading. The serpentine road was not built until 1876.
_K%C3%BCssaburg.jpg)
With the opening of the Basel-Waldshut-Koblenz line on June 15, 1863, Oberlauchringen was also connected to rail traffic. The Lauchringen-Stühlingen railway line went into operation on April 22, 1875. (Chronicle, 274).
Undergarment rings
In the Lauchringer Chronik, the living conditions in Oberlauchringen as well as in Unterlauchringen are detailed in documents, which, however, have been preserved almost exclusively since the 18th century, because before - especially in the Thirty Years' War, but also in the following - they were burned. It is important to opponents to destroy tradition and thereby memories and tradition. With the change of rule from the Sulzer counts to the Schwarzenberg princes in the Landgraviate of Klettgau in 1788 a “reorganization of the land in the Unterlauchringen district began”, because after that the rule measured their right to taxes and now above all in (monetary) interest. The monasteries Rheinau, St. Blasien, the monastery Berau and the canon monastery Zurzach also appear here as landlords . Rheinau helped out with the recalculation with an 'land register' from 1683.
Not only the jurisdiction in Lauchringen was complicated, because the sovereign rights over the place lay with the Landgraviate of Stühlingen and only the " lower court lords " were the Landgraves of Klettgau .
The high Fürstenberg gentlemen were responsible for the hunting and fishing rights, as well as the approval of pubs; The Lauchringer were, however, as serfs, in military duty, with taxes in the event of death ("the best piece of cattle, the best piece of clothing"), with the marriage permit, with relocation or immigration, in the labor and with many small things of the Klettgau rule in Tiengen assumed. This separation of different responsibilities existed from 1408 "through the marriage of Countess Ursula von Habsburg's wife with Count Rudolf von Sulz" and lasted until the secularization in 1806. Until then, everything was complicated because in many places the "lower jurisdiction" with its chaos There were 'bureaucratic' regulations also in the monasteries.
An extraordinarily detailed regulation applied to the operation of restaurants; the Fürstenbergers awarded the " Tafernrecht ", the Klettgau rulers then approved the taverns and levied the "change". The exact amount of wine was regulated, who could serve when and how much. Here, too, legality was simplified with the dissolution of all aristocratic rule and the transfer of the lands to the Grand Duchy of Baden.
First, however, recorded ex officio:
"According to an official statement, there were 30 taverns in the [former] Landgraviate of Klettgau in 1809, 3 of them in Tiengen, 4 in Kadelburg, 2 in Erzingen and one each in Ober- and Unterlauchringen" as well as one each in all localities except Reckingen and Rechberg.
At the earliest, the inn in Unterlauchringen has been handed down to the Black Eagle ; the tavern, which had been run by the miller for centuries, became official in 1850 as the "Buschwirtschaft" Zur Lauffenmühle ; The green tree was licensed in 1861 and was able to expand from a wreath to an inn in 1881; From 1877 a pub opened on the road from Oberlauchringen to Tiengen, "which, away from the town center, was supposed to serve the needs of travelers and truckers more" and thus also received approval for the serving of spirits (1880). From January 1908 it was operated by August Kaiser under the name Der Deutsche Kaiser .
Conclusion on the development of the two, later districts of Lauchringen:
In Unterlauchringen the economic, 'industrial' "development from the middle of the 19th century, initially slowly advancing, is clearly recognizable, in the district of Oberlauchringen the predominantly agricultural structure was preserved until the Second World War." (Chronicle, 679).
20th century
The turn of the century was a time of stormy, western developments in economy, science and technology, which brought the central water and electricity supply to the countryside and also made municipal building projects possible on a new scale. The downside was the stagnation of national thought and political action, which only intensified competition and resulted in the First World War . “After the mobilization on August 1, 1914, men also enlist in Lauchringen almost every day for military service.” Between 1914 and 1918, both villages recorded 53 casualties. "As early as 1915 food was becoming scarce [...] there were also poor harvests [...] war ordinances, requisitions, the distribution of food, etc., the supply of the families at home is more than meager." End of the war in 1918, "the soldiers are returning, little by little the prisoners of war. In the following years, former soldiers also died from the consequences of the war in the two Lauchringen. ”(Chronicle, 565 f.).
National Socialism
When the National Socialists came to power in 1933, local councils and the mayor were gradually replaced (1936). “The Gleichschaltaltung was enforced in all local clubs and associations.” Church youth was dissolved and ordered into the Hitler Youth . There was a lot of enthusiasm for the new departure - "on the other hand, there were older people who instinctively saw the danger of death for the German people in Hitler's politics" (Chronik, 568 ff.).
The Unterlauchring local pastor Vorbach, who refused the participation of children in “young people's uniform” in a procession, was brought to the detention cell in the town hall. This made little impression on him (as a former officer) and his resistance did not go unnoticed.
Episode 1935 Incorporation
On April 6, 1935, Tiengen's NS mayor Gutmann applied to the Waldshut district office to incorporate Unterlauchringens into Tiengen, which was met with horror in the village. The reasons given by the fanatic, who was already feared at the time, could, however, be objectively replied and in some cases refuted. The pros and cons are discussed in detail in the chronicle.
Result: "District Administrator Dr. Hofheinz from the Waldshut district office, an upright, straightforward and clever head of office, but truly not a National Socialist, saw things objectively and clearly: “He asked for further evidence from both sides and came to his decision in the autumn:“ On October 7, 1935, District Administrator Dr . Hofheinz the message limited to one sentence: 'According to the result of an on October 3rd, 1935 under the direction of the Ministerialdirektor Dr. Bader and with the participation of the Oberregierungsrat Schoch in Constance, the issue of incorporation has to remain open until further notice. ' After taking note of the files. "
Three Lauffenmühle workers were arrested by the Gestapo in early 1936 . Two were taken to the Württemberg state prison in Ulm for almost two years “for preparing a treasonable company” (“publications from abroad”). After their release, they worked in the Lauffenmühle again. No further information is known about one of the arrested persons (Hans Dettinger).
Second World War
The Lauchring parish curate, Oser, made himself 'unpopular' in 1944 because he wanted to give acolytes the opportunity to visit the little church in Bechtersbohl “on the occasion of a Whitsun meeting at the Küssaburg”. In November he was reported "for addressing the funeral of a BDM leader". After the telephone call to the Gestapo in Waldshut, Oser "handed over the keys [...] to Pastor Dietrich from Oberlauchring - and disappeared."
He exercised a spiritual activity in Switzerland and returned to Unterlauchringen in June 1945 and resumed "his pastoral work [... -] beneficially until 1956."
In December 1944, Pastor Dietrich and the nuns "were arrested by the Gestapo on suspicion of helping a Dutch officer" during their escape to Switzerland. Sister Zoa was not released until the end of January, Pastor Dietrich remained “with other arrested clergy in Waldshut prison” until shortly before the end of the war on April 23, 1945.
Towards the end of the Second World War in 1945, the air raids began in the region; On February 8, the Oberlauchringen train station was approached and "considerable damage, especially on the railway bridge over the Wutach" was done. From April onwards, the low-flying aircraft that shot at individual people (in the fields) became a horror.
At noon on April 25th, Tiengen was attacked from the air because the mayor Gutmann had stopped the raising of white flags by force of arms. The bombardment killed eight in the population and "the next few nights were terrible because the enemy exercised the right to robbery: there were also 35-40 rapes."
The air raid on Tiengen was also observed in Unterlauchringe. Here, white flags were hoisted at the entrance to the town, expected mayors, pastors “and a Frenchman who had been forced into the Lauffenmühle for some time”, the armored top. Immediately afterwards, the combat group continues to the Wutachtal, a small section through Oberlauchringen in the direction of Klettgau.
A command post is set up shortly afterwards:
“Lauchringen was lucky with the French company”, there was no rape and only sporadic looting “here and there”. An SS member and a hidden soldier are shot, a boy is accidentally killed.
See also: End of the war in the southern Black Forest (1945)
post war period
The orders of the French occupiers burdened the Lauchringers like everyone else, cattle were driven away, “Beds and bedclothes had to be delivered and apartments vacated. The few remaining products were confiscated from the farmers; they had to deliver grain, straw, fodder and again and again large cattle, small cattle, poultry and brandy within a very short period of time; there was nothing that was not used and requisitioned by the crew. ”Fishing in the Wutach was carried out using hand grenades. The forest was decimated, logging units were quartered, “the French installed a saw at the Lauchringen train station; it ran day and night, this 'French saw'. "
Freight trains rolled west on the Wutach Valley Railway with cattle and machines from the decommissioned and dismantled factories. “The mayors in those difficult times only had to receive and carry out orders from the French, which almost exclusively dealt with deliveries, levies and confiscations” (Chronicle, p. 581 f.).
The winter of 1945/46 brought severe deprivation even in the country for the people; the hardest, however, was the “ hunger winter 1946/47 ”; it is mostly bypassed in local chronicles; He also claimed victims in the country - hundreds of thousands starved to death in German cities.
Despite the border with Switzerland being sealed off by the French, the neighbors were able to get the German children through daily "school meals" in all places along the High Rhine.
It was a long time before the surviving prisoner-of-war soldiers came home.
In 1946 the memorial for the victims of the Second World War was expanded in Oberlauchringen (86 dead and missing). “The then mayor Manz took up the idea of expanding the war memorial from 1914 to 1918 at the beginning of May 1946. The French military government agreed to the planned expansion. The horticultural facility was designed very briefly; the aluminum works in Wutöschingen procured the marriage tables for every single war dead. ”The place of honor was inaugurated at the end of May 1946 (Chronicle, p. 461).
In 1960 the memorial in the heron forest near Unterlauchringen was expanded accordingly (143 dead and missing). On June 15, 1946, the first free municipal council elections were held in southern Baden, shortly afterwards the elections for the district assembly and district committee took place - “the restart for a free democracy on the ground. [… But] only June 21, 1948 with the currency reform brought the turning point. ”(Chronicle, pp. 583 and 588).
Due to the housing requirements of the displaced - the influx of people into the French-occupied zone was late because the occupiers did not want to deal with this problem and sealed off their zone until 1949 - the "brisk construction activity" of the 1950s began in both villages.
In 1953/54 a kindergarten with a nurses' house was set up in Unterlauchringen (1966 in Oberlauchringen) and in 1960 an extension for the schoolhouse built in 1909.
Land consolidation
The distribution problems with food after the war had also made it clear that agricultural production could no longer supply a modern society with its population growth due to a lack of technical standards and, above all, the division of arable land.
"Rd. 600 hectares of land with around 300 participants were cleared without a single objection and the land consolidation in the village of Oberlauchringen was thus successfully completed in 1960. ”15 km of dirt roads were expanded.
In Oberlauchringen, Kotbach, Schwarzenbach and Klingengraben were regulated and eight bridges were built from 1956 to 1965, and in 1967 the Wutach Bridge near Lauffenmühle was renewed in Unterlauchringen.
The sports hall with multi-purpose facility in Unterlauchringen dates from 1968.
Industry and trade
In contrast to the “Mühle am Lauffen”, the “Bannmühle” in Oberlauchringen was unable to develop as an economic center: “The twisting mill ran out during World War II.” The Simmler jam factory also existed before the war and came over in the 1960s the hotel wholesale trade in swing. In 1965 the small aluminum portion pack was created.
The industrial aluminum company was the König company from 1961, which also gave the impetus for the new idea of the 'industrial area', which was opened up in front of the Wiggenberg from 1969. In 1985 there was a major fire there. In general, the early post-war construction start in West Germany brought intensive experience with infrastructure; in road construction, sewerage, water and energy supply and has already promoted cooperation among the localities:
"The founding of the waste water association 'Klettgau-West' (1962) and thus the connection to the joint mechanical-biological sewage treatment plant completed in 1965 was of decisive importance." (Chronicle, 682 to 685).
The year 1970 saw the construction of the community hall - now it became important to find regulations in a comprehensive sense, because the villages were already beginning to set up the general facilities 'each for themselves'. This was particularly evident in education and schooling.
Even in the post-war period, Unterlauchringen was shaped in every respect by the Lauffenmühle , it also provided for workers' houses and infrastructure. The 'factory area' and the village grew together. The population grew rapidly as early as the 20th century, as the Lauffenmühle primarily attracted foreign workers until the Second World War, and from the 1970s also guest workers, mainly from Turkey.
The gradual onset of international economic integration caused the company to become increasingly weak, especially in the textile industry, which could be absorbed in the village itself and ultimately in the entire community by the development of trade, which led to Unterlauchringen's importance as a small center .
The Lauffenmühle ceased operations on July 31, 2019 after several bankruptcies since the 1990s.
Community merger
The two Lauchringen villages had already "approached each other and grown together." So, "in 1969/70 a special purpose association was formed to build a heated swimming pool and a joint secondary school."
This created the best prerequisites for a law whose “merger premium” as a reward for willing teamwork was popularly referred to in many villages as the “community slaughter premium” (after Paul Stoll):
"Due to the law to strengthen the administrative power of smaller municipalities of March 26, 1968 of the state of Baden-Württemberg (territorial and administrative reform), the municipal councils of the municipalities of Ober- and Unterlauchringen decided on January 5, 1971 an agreement to merge on July 1, 1971. "The citizens also decided:
In Oberlauchringen from 1165 with yes: 656, no: 134; in Unterlauchringen from 1872 with yes: 757, no: 80. On May 4th and 5th, 1971, the still separate municipal councils approved the association. (Chronicle, 702).
A side note is that the Oberlauchringen neighboring village of Bechtersbohl at the foot of the Küssaburg fought to join Lauchringen until 1975:
“The municipality of Bechtersbohl rejected the abandonment of independence and the merger with the new municipality of Küssaberg (1972) [...] because it was of the opinion that Bechtersbohl should be attached to the municipality of Lauchringen." After another public hearing, “59 citizens voted in Bechtersbohl for Küssaberg and 58 citizens for Lauchringen. ”By law, Bechtersbohl was incorporated into the municipality of Küssaberg on January 1, 1975 .
Of course, it was easier to get two communities to merge, like seven or nine, as it was also shown in Klettgau with the unsuccessful attempt by Geißlingen to maintain independence.
The new mayor of Lauchringen was Oberlauchringen's former mayor, Berthold Schmidt.
Development of the whole community
In 1970 the total population was 5226, in Unterlauchringen 3316 and in Oberlauchringen 1910. In 1983 it had risen to 4240 and 2311 respectively.
Due to the increase in the Protestant population (in 1970 in Unterlauchringen 813 and in Oberlauchringen 445 people) the construction of the St. Matthew's Church in Unterlauchringen was possible in 1959.
In 1978, 530 Unterlauchringers and 61 Oberlauchringers were working in the Lauffenmühle with 900 employees.
Construction activity of the entire community in
1972/73 the Wutach Bridge in Oberlauchringen is rebuilt; The swimming pool, which opened in 1974, is now the first jointly completed large-scale project. In 1976 the common secondary school followed. In 1981 the large, three-part sports hall was built.
As part of the water supply, a reinforced concrete elevated tank with a capacity of around 2500 m³ with a riser was built in 1983/85 and in the same period the new town hall of the entire municipality of Lauchringen was built in the “Oberhohrain” district. (Chronicle, 589 to 720).
“In addition, there are investments of around one hundred million in the expansion of the infrastructure, the development of residential and commercial sites as well as the further expansion of the residential and recreational value for community citizens.” (1995).
In 1983 the total population was 6,463, of which 946 were foreign nationals. 240 are Turkish workers in the Lauffenmühle.
With the economic miracle in the Federal Republic of Germany , more and more workers, especially in Turkey, were recruited from 1960 to meet the needs of industry. The chroniclers 1985: “In summary, it can be stated that the deployment of Turkish and other foreign workers in the Lauffenmühle operation as well as in the accommodation in the factory's own apartment could be resolved without any particular problems. [...] The relationship between Turks and local residents consists in the juxtaposition of everyday life without any particular incident; […] The enormous difference in language, culture and worldview (Islam) understandably hardly allows any more common ground. ”(590 ff).
In 1995 the population had risen to 6977, the proportion of foreigners to 15.4 percent. (Hoggenmüller, Heimat am Hochrhein , p. 18). The yardstick for any further development in this relationship are kindergarten and elementary school, which bring cultures together anew 'from an early age'. The new generations since the 1980s no longer have language problems and internationalism through globalization contributes to the future mixing.
> For the development since the middle of the last three decades, see the chapters in the community and citizenship description of Lauchringen . There also information on church history.
Remarks
- ↑ The published, 'identifiable' coins are said to have been struck under Augustus and Tiberius - from the first decades before and after Christ. Under Augustus , a Roman army group set in 15 BC. At today's Bad Zurzach over the Upper Rhine and subsequently secured the region as far as Wutach and Danube. (Jürgen Trumm: The Roman Age Settlement on the Eastern High Rhine. (50 BC - 450 AD). Konrad Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart 2002, p. 317.)
- ↑ The document was issued in Lauchringen ("louchringen") and thus the place is assigned a regulatory function - perhaps as a monastic administrative seat - it documents a transfer of ownership of goods in Upper and Lower Alps to the Rheinau monastery . (B. Matt-Willmatt / KF Hoggenmüller, Chronik, p. 27 f. With illustration).
- ↑ But there is also older research that relates to older reports (documents?), Like this: "The Rheinau monastery was built in 778 by Duke Wolfhard, son of Ruthard and father-in-law of Ludwig the Pious ." (Joseph Sauer: The beginnings of Christianity and the church in Baden. , Heidelberg 1911, p. 67).
- ↑ Hans Matt-Willmatt : The Chronicle of the Waldshut District. Vocke Verlag, Waldshut 1957, p. 31. In the files that are quoted in detail by Emil Müller-Ettikon , the woman is named “Maria Schneider”, her husband “Jakob Grießer”. Both had initially complained to the Tiengen law firm about defamation. (E. Müller-Ettikon: Die Hexe von Bühl. In: Der Klettgau. Ed .: Franz Schmidt, Mayor of Tiengen, Tiengen 1971, pp. 343–357.) Based on which source Matt-Willmatt describes the witch von Bühl "Veronika" calls, cannot be clarified.
- ↑ As early as 1418, the designation “upper mill” was used for the Oberlauchringer Bannmühle in a document, which “in contrast to the Lauffenmühle that certainly already existed as a“ lower mill ”[..:] cannot be proven, but it is likely to be accepted ”(Chronicle, 154 f.).
literature
- Brigitte Matt-Willmatt / Karl-Friedrich Hoggenmüller: Lauchringen. Chronicle of a community. Ed .: Municipality of Lauchringen, Verlag K. Zimmermann, Konstanz 1986.
- Franz Falkenstein: The Placodushöhle near Lauchringen. In: Heimat am Hochrhein , Volume XVII, 1992. ISBN 3-87799-103-3 .
- Egon Gersbach: Prehistory of the High Rhine. Catalog volume. Badische Fundberichte, special issue 11th Ed .: Badisches Amt für Pre- und Frühgeschichte Freiburg and State Office for Monument Preservation, Dept. Pre- and Early History Karlsruhe, Freiburg 1969.
- Joachim Hessel: The Bronze Age burial mounds in the eastern district of Waldshut. in: Land between the Upper Rhine and the Southern Black Forest, Hochrhein History Association , Waldshut 1998, p. 103 f.
- Karl-Friedrich Hoggenmüller: The community Lauchringen in: Heimat am Hochrhein , yearbook XXI (1996) of the district of Waldshut (ed.), G. Braun Verlag, Karlsruhe 1995. ISBN 3-7650-8159-0 .
- Hans Matt-Willmatt : The chronicle of the district Waldshut. Vocke Verlag, Waldshut 1957.
- Emil Müller-Ettikon : The witch of Bühl. in: The Klettgau. Ed .: Franz Schmidt, Mayor of Tiengen, Tiengen 1971.
- Hermann Riedel: Stop! Swiss border! The end of the Second World War in the southern Black Forest and on the Upper Rhine in documentary reports by German, French and Swiss participants and those affected. Südkurier Verlag, Konstanz 1983. ISBN 3-87799-023-1 .
- Joseph Sauer: The Beginnings of Christianity and the Church in Baden. , New Year's Sheets of the Baden Historical Commission, Carl Winters University Bookstore Freiburg, 1911.
- Adolf Waas: The farmers in the struggle for justice (1300-1525) , Verlag Georg DW Callwey, Munich 1976. ISBN 3-7667-0069-3 .
- Jürgen Trumm: The Roman settlement on the eastern Upper Rhine. (50 BC - 450 AD). Konrad Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart 2002.
Individual evidence
- ^ Brigitte Matt-Willmatt / Karl-Friedrich Hoggenmüller: Lauchringen. Chronicle of a community. Ed .: Community Lauchringen, Verlag K. Zimmermann, Konstanz 1986. In terms of content (source evaluation) and volume (736 pages), the Lauchringen chronicle is an excellent work in the Waldshut district, which also documents numerous interrelationships in events and biographical investigations with the surrounding area . The abundance of information based on it in the article justifies the short references with page numbers to text passages in the running text in the sense of the restriction of the section with the individual references.
- ^ Franz Falkenstein: The Placodushöhle at Lauchringen. In: Heimat am Hochrhein , Volume XVII, 1992, p. 92 ff.
- ↑ Egon Gersbach: Prehistory of the High Rhine. Catalog volume. Badische Fundberichte, special issue 11th Ed .: Badisches Amt für Pre- und Frühgeschichte Freiburg and State Office for Monument Preservation, Dept. Pre- and Early History Karlsruhe, Freiburg 1969, p. 193.
- ↑ Joachim Hessel: The Bronze Age burial mounds in the eastern district of Waldshut. in: Land between the Upper Rhine and the Southern Black Forest, Hochrhein History Association , Waldshut 1998, p. 103 f.
- ^ Michael Neubert: Tumulus as a planning obstacle. Südkurier , September 30, 2017.
- ↑ Jürgen Trumm: A Gallo-Roman temple at Oberlauchringen, Waldshut district. In: Archaeological excavations in Baden-Württemberg 1995, Konrad Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart 1996, pp. 219 and 221.
- ^ Home book for the district of Waldshut , Ed .: WH Mayer, Verlag R. Philipp, Waldshut 1926, p. 167.
- ↑ Egon Gersbach: Prehistory of the High Rhine. Ed .: State Office for Prehistory and Early History Freiburg and State Office for Monument Preservation, 1969, p. 153.
- ↑ Peter Rosa: The bypass is taking shape. Südkurier, February 24, 2018.
- ^ Brigitte Matt-Willmatt / Karl-Friedrich Hoggenmüller: Lauchringen. Chronicle of a community , publisher: Lauchringen community, Verlag K. Zimmermann, Konstanz 1986, p. 331.
- ^ Adolf Waas: The farmers in the struggle for justice (1300-1525) , Verlag Georg DW Callwey, Munich 1976, p. 93.
- ↑ Report of Pastor Josef Luem from the Catholic parish office of Tiengen / Upper Rhine, March 27, 1946. In: Hermann Riedel: Halt! Swiss border! The end of the Second World War in the southern Black Forest and on the Upper Rhine in documentary reports by German, French and Swiss participants and those affected. Südkurier Verlag, Konstanz 1983, p. 352.
- ^ Chronicle, pp. 569 to 581; KF Hoggenmüller: Skillfully saved from worse , in: Südkurier, April 26, 1995, also: Sonja Wilde-Schreckenfuchs: Low-flying people spread fear and terror , Südkurier 2005.
- ^ Paul Stoll: Küssaberg today in: Emil Müller-Ettikon: Brief overview of the history of Küssaberg. Ed .: Municipality of Küssaberg, H. Zimmermann, Waldshut 1981, p. 11 f.
- ↑ Karl-Friedrich Hoggenmüller: The community Lauchringen in: home on the Upper Rhine , Yearbook XXI (1996) of the district Waldshut (Ed.), G. Braun Verlag, Karlsruhe 1995, p.18.