Travels of Joseph II

Joseph II in Paris, 1777 (Louis-Simon Boizot).

With his inspection trips inland, Emperor Joseph II followed the example of Frederick II of Prussia , with his trips abroad that of Peter I of Russia . According to Derek Beales, he was on the move during a quarter of his reign (1765–1790) and covered a distance in the horse-drawn carriage that exceeded the circumference of the earth.

Paul von Mitrofanov wrote about the emperor's travels in the states of the House of Austria : "Probably not a single monarch , not excluding the great Frederick, knew all the local conditions in his empire (...) as well as the tireless, restless Joseph II." No other ruler attached so much importance to Beales that his subjects had free access to him. As in the “control corridor” of the Hofburg , he granted an audience to everyone on his travels inland and accepted vast numbers of petitions . In addition to his own heterogeneous possessions, the cosmopolitan and polyglot emperor also toured states of Germany and Italy, France , Spain , Switzerland , Poland , Russia and the United Netherlands . What is striking is his little interest in the states of the shrunken Holy Roman Empire , of which he was on paper. He sent explorers to other parts of the world, which he himself was not allowed to visit.

General

The Count of Falkenstein

"M (onsieu) r le comte de Falckenstein", 1777.

"Graf Falken Stein", 1780 (Carl Leberecht).

The trips seem to have represented a necessity of life for the lonely, work-addicted monarch. Because of his insatiable appetite for perception of reality , they were nothing short of restful. Joseph named his maxims when traveling in 1769: renounce comfort and pleasure, only do what is useful and necessary, avoid all etiquette , every company, festivities and feasts, the simplest equipage , the smallest entourage and daily writing down of the observations made.

In order to shake off the shackles of the ceremonial and to reduce the expense of representation, Joseph traveled incognito , as members of the high nobility and also ruling princes often did at that time. Outside the states of the House of Austria, he carried the title "Count von Falkenstein" , after a county in the Palatinate, which he had inherited from his father, Emperor Franz I of Lorraine , and without which he owned during the lifetime of his mother Maria Theresa of Austria could not have been a Roman king and emperor.

While he was dressed abroad as a private citizen, he wore the green of the Moravian domestically instead of white uniform Rocks generals Chevau-légers -Regiments Kaiser # 1. In order to be better seen, he went through villages standing why his car with Strap was provided. With affable behavior towards the small and harsh rejection of the great, he made it clear that all people were equal to him.

Night stations, distances, duration

Traveling in the Age of Enlightenment : English carriage with folding top, 1776 (Moreau).

Of his overnight stays outside Vienna , 157 were in Prague and the Hloubětín (Tiefenbach) training area, 98 in Pest and Buda (Ofen), 93 in Brno (Brno in Czech) and the Turany (Turas) training area, 63 in Florence , 50 in Paris and Versailles , 47 in Lviv (Lemberg), 45 in Milan , 43 in Innsbruck and the surrounding area, 28 in Naples and the surrounding area, 27 in Hermannstadt (Romanian Sibiu), 26 in Rome , 24 in the military training area Lužice u Mostu (Luschitz near Brüx ), each 22 on Königgrätz ( Hradec Králové in Czech ) and on Saint Petersburg and the surrounding area, 21 on Brussels and 20 on Frankfurt am Main and the surrounding area. In addition, there were the headquarters during the War of the Bavarian Succession in 1778 - Rtyně v Podkrkonoší (Ertina) with 33, Jičín (Jitschin) with 31 and Oleśnica (Oels) with 28 - and during the Turkish War in 1788 - Zemun (Semlin) with 138 and Lugoj (Lugosch) with 21 nights.

Joseph's journeys to Italy in 1769 and to Transylvania / Galicia in 1773 lasted the longest, at 4 ½ months each, and to France in 1777, to Russia in 1780 and to Italy in 1783/84, each lasting 4 months. The emperor covered the greatest distances on his trips to France in 1777 and to Russia in 1780 and 1787, which led to San Sebastián , Moscow and the Crimea .

Joseph was absent from Vienna the longest in the War of the Bavarian Succession (7 ½ months) and in the Turkish War (9 ½ months).

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On the way the emperor dictated what and whom he had seen every evening until he assumed sole rule. A more important historical source than Joseph's diaries, which more document the outer framework of the journeys, are his letters ( censored by the 19th century editors ) to his mother, to State Chancellor Kaunitz , Field Marshal Lacy , the Five Princesses , etc. As long as he was co-regent , he also wrote detailed reports after traveling within the monarchy, in which he denounced the sometimes still medieval conditions and proposed reforms.

The countless anecdotes about the emperor traveling incognito are not historical sources in the strict sense of the word. Much quoted letters from Joseph II are forgeries that a certain Joseph Grossing is likely to have fabricated. The popular literature, which told of the travels of the ruler, was developed by Fritz von Herzmanovsky-Orlando in Emperor Joseph and the signalman's daughter parodies . In the play, the Count von Falkenstein travels with the “Imperial Erbländisch Anticipated Railways”. It is also ahistorical that an assassination attempt has been carried out on him - although Joseph did not use bodyguards, he was never attacked.

In the following, in chronological order, his most important journeys, including the campaigns (unless otherwise stated, it is usually a visit to military exercises):

Travel as the Crown Prince

Until 1765 Joseph's travels took place in the style of his parents, with baroque pomp, tiring festivities and high costs.

Coronation of Maria Theresa in Pressburg 1741

Joseph was just three months old on his first trip: his mother Maria Theresa took the family owner with her to Pressburg (1536–1783 capital of Hungary, since 1919 Bratislava ), where she was crowned Queen of Hungary .

Coronation in Frankfurt am Main 1764 (42 days)

Baroque pomp when moving
into Frankfurt am Main. Right Franz I (Johann Dallinger)

Election and coronation as Roman King (in March and April respectively) secured Joseph the successor to his father Franz I as Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. On the journey to Frankfurt am Main , Franz, Joseph and his brother Leopold (II.) Had so many entourage that 450 horses had to be provided at each post office. The return journey took place from Donauwörth by ship.

Mines of Hungary 1764

Joseph and Leopold
in the mining towns of Hungary, 1764 (Anton Widemann).

In July Franz, Joseph and Leopold visited Hungary's gold and silver mines.

Bohemia 1764

In October Joseph and Leopold were in Prague .

Styria, Carinthia, Tyrol 1765 (65 days)

In July the entire imperial family drove from Spain to Innsbruck for Leopold's wedding with Maria Luisa , where the Triumphal Gate was built on the occasion . Joseph took a short trip to Lake Garda . The stay in the capital of Tyrol ended tragically when Franz I died during a theater performance. This made his eldest emperor, co-regent Maria Theresa in the states of the house of Austria and commander in chief of the k. k. Army . In September it was returned to the Inn and Danube .

Travel as a co-regent

Bohemia, Saxony, Austrian Silesia, Moravia 1766 (43 and 50 days respectively)

On this first major trip, which Joseph undertook alone, he had to limit himself to visits to the military - the battlefields of the Seven Years' War and fortresses.

Hungary, Banat, Slavonia 1768 (57 days)

In the Banat of Timișoara (Romanian Timișoara ), Joseph was allowed to take a close look at the economy and administration for the first time. With seven “cavaliers”, 13 wagons and 76 horses, the entourage and entourage were still much larger than on later journeys. In honor of the guest, a suburb of Timișoara was renamed Iosefin (Josefstadt). The co-regent wrote an extremely critical report about what was seen. The result was that Maria Theresa reorganized the Banat and annexed it to Hungary. Johann Friedel , who grew up in the area , later wrote: “Little was said about this trip; and yet she was one of the most brilliant that Joseph did. He killed the Lernean hydra , which sprayed nothing but poison and ruin among his people, and planted the golden fruits of Hesperia in the footsteps of the scared misery . "

Moravia, Bohemia, Upper Austria 1768 (24 days)

Papal States, Naples, Tuscany, Parma, Mantua, Milan, Piedmont, Venice 1769 (approx. 140 days)

Joseph and Leopold in Rome ( Pompeo Batoni ).

Since Charles V , no Emperor was more in Rome have been. All the more a stir that Joseph arrived there unannounced in March and only accompanied by Colonel Stable Master Dietrichstein than after the death of Clemens XIII. the conclave met. He did not choose this point in time because he wanted to influence the election of the new Pope, but because the sedis vacancy simplified the protocol . So he and Leopold, who had received the Grand Duchy of Tuscany when his father died , spent a fortnight touring the Eternal City like a private individual.

Pompei: Casa di Giuseppe II ( Luigi Rossini ).

One and a half weeks followed with his sister Maria Carolina , who had married Ferdinand IV of Naples the year before . The emperor let the king, who grew up without education, feel his intellectual superiority, which understandably annoyed him. In Pompei , which he visited, one of the excavated houses is named after him. He then spent five weeks with his brother in Florence , who was recovering from the smallpox vaccination . As early as 1768 Joseph had imagined how they would be together all day at Villa La Petraia - in tails, without a sword, and a straw hat on their heads. In between he visited Parma , whose duke Joseph's sister Amalia was to marry.

The co-regent spent six weeks in the duchies of Milan and Mantua . These had in common with the Austrian Netherlands that they had no land connection with the other states of the monarchy and were not subordinate to the State Council but to the State Chancellor (Foreign Minister). Unlike in Belgium , Kaunitz was able to carry out reforms in Lombardy . Joseph found out about their success from rulers and rulers with his own thoroughness. According to his wishes, the tax lease was abolished in 1770 .

The stay in Milan was interrupted by a ten-day trip to Turin , the capital of the Kingdom of Sardinia . Joseph took the way back via Venice . He is to the Doge's Palace , the paintings by Zuccari , to the Frederick Barbarossa , have commented with that "Tempi passati" submits to the Pope that the dictum was. After the visit, the Serenissima hurried to reform the administration of its holdings on the mainland ( Terraferma ). In July Joseph was back in Vienna.

Moravia, meeting with Frederick II in Nysa (Neisse), Bohemia 1769 (29 days)

Slavíkovice (Slawikowitz): The emperor as a plowman (folk art).

The meeting with the arch enemy of the House of Austria, at which Joseph was accompanied by eight generals, took place in Silesia in August . On the way there, the emperor's car broke down near Slavíkovice in Moravia . During the forced break, Joseph had his happiest idea: he took the plow from the hand of a peasant and dug furrows like the emperors of China. As a result, he not only identified himself as a supporter of the Physiocrats , who (in contrast to the mercantilists ) saw agriculture as the basis of the national economy, but also expressed his sympathy for the serfs , who are currently doing forced labor in the countries of the Bohemian Crown ( Robot ) were overwhelmed for the nobility .

Hungary, Slavonia, Banat 1770 (67 days)

From April to June Joseph inspected the borders of the countries of the Hungarian crown (excluding Croatia and Transylvania), staying nowhere longer.

Moravia, Bohemia 1770 (15 days)

Meeting with Frederick II in Uničov (Moravian New Town) in 1770

Joseph and Friedrich II. In Uničov (Mährisch Neustadt) ( Johann Martin Krafft ).

In September the Prussian King returned Joseph's visit by traveling to his field camp in Moravia.

Hungary 1771 (17 days)

Moravia, Bohemia, Upper Austria 1771 (47 days)

There were bad harvests in 1770 and 1771. The resulting famine cost Bohemia - the heart of the monarchy - 600,000 of its 4 million inhabitants. The emperor saw the cause in the aristocracy's greed for profit and in the chaos of the authorities. In the autumn he visited the disaster area. As a result, he had the plight of the population alleviated by deliveries of grain from Hungary .

Hungary, Banat, Transylvania, Galicia, Austrian Silesia, Moravia 1773 (131 days)

From May to September , after a third visit to the Banat, Joseph inspected two more problem children of the monarchy: he spent two months in the Grand Duchy of Transylvania and six weeks in the Kingdom of Galicia. Maria Theresa had been resigned to the latter the year before, when Frederick II and Catherine II had annexed parts of Poland .

Outraged the emperor, as in Transylvania Roman Catholic Hungary ( Szekely ) and Lutheran German ( Sachsen ) Orthodox and Greek Catholic Romanians ( Vlachs ) oppressed and in Galicia Roman Catholic Poland Greek Catholic Ukrainians ( Ruthenians ) and Jews . He visited Lutheran Austrians who had been forcibly relocated to Transylvania by his mother. In the Grand Duchy alone he is said to have received 15,000 petitions. In Sibiu, the inn where he stayed became today's Hotel Împăratul Romanilor ( Roman Emperor ).

The ride along the borders of Galicia, where bugs and lice attacked him, was probably his most strenuous undertaking. As a result, the newly acquired kingdom passed from the responsibility of the State Chancellery to that of the Bohemian-Austrian Court Chancellery. Joseph also managed to round it up : at the expense of Poland by pushing the eastern border up to the Sbrutsch , at the expense of the Ottoman Empire by the annexation of Bukovina , located between Transylvania and Galicia (1775).

Styria, Slavonia, Hungary 1774 (22 days)

Bohemia, Moravia 1774 (20 days)

Croatia, Slavonia, coastal region, Venice, Papal States, Modena, Parma, Tuscany, Carinthia 1775 (73 days)

Leopold and Maria Luisa of Spain with their children, 1776 ( Johann Zoffany ).

This trip, which lasted from April to June, was primarily aimed at Croatia and Slavonia , which were then neighboring countries to Hungary, and the coastal region administered by the Council of Commerce (Italian littoral). According to Joseph's proposals, the free port of Rijeka ( Fiume ) was annexed to the Hungarian hereditary lands, that of Trieste to the Austrian. This time Joseph took his brothers Leopold, Ferdinand and Max Franz with him to Venice . During his final stay in Florence, he spent a long time in the Villa del Poggio Imperiale , where he invented games for Leopold's children.

Hungary 1776 (13 days)

Bohemia, Moravia 1776

Bavaria, Württemberg, Baden, France, Spain, Switzerland, Upper Austria, Tyrol, Salzburg 1777 (123 days)

Marie-Antoinette, 1783 ( Élisabeth Vigée-Lebrun ).

Joseph's trip to France attracted the most attention . His favorite sister Marie-Antoinette was with Louis XVI since 1770 . married. For a long time he had to see her again and their new home - the laboratory of the Enlightenment - who want to learn. When the trip could finally take place in 1777, the alliance between Vienna and Paris negotiated by Kaunitz was just a dead letter. Maria Theresa wanted the emperor to work for its continued existence. In particular, he was supposed to get Marie-Antoinette to bear children to the king. The State Chancellor advised him not to reproach his sister (for example because of her penchant for gambling), to initiate negotiations about the acquisition of Bavaria by the House of Austria, to warn of the worsening conflict between France and England ( American War of Independence ) and to stand up for one Start reducing the French budget deficit.

The emperor was accompanied by the silent Joseph von Colloredo , the stuttering Philipp von Cobenzl and (from Paris to Freiburg im Breisgau ) the hard of hearing Ludwig von Belgioioso. The entire tour company initially consisted of 25 people in three six-horse wagons, including a cloakroom calesche and two four-horse calashes. The outward journey to Paris took place via Munich and the French garrison cities of Strasbourg and Metz .

The extent to which Marie-Antoinette impressed the emperor is shown by the fact that - contrary to his custom - he recorded in his diary what she wore when she first met: “The Queen was in a white polonoise with a black Corse hat with feathers on it. “Already at that first meeting he told her that if she were not his sister and he could be reunited with her, he would not hesitate to remarry in order to create such a charming company. He later wrote to Princess Clary about his sister: "(...) I believe that I could have had a comfortable life with a woman like her (...)" He reported to his mother: "I left Versailles with difficulty because I really did cling to my sister; I got to know a comfortable life there, which I had renounced, but which I apparently still enjoy. "

The royal couple, married for seven years, confessed to the emperor that they had not yet consummated their marriage. Not only did Marie-Antoinette return the love of Louis XVI. not - the two of them didn't even know what their marital duties actually consisted of. Nobody dared to enlighten them. The emperor made up for this and made it possible for them to have children as the reasons of state dictated. He also left Marie-Antoinette amicable admonitions in which he already pointed out the possibility of a revolution .

The monarch, disguised as a normal mortal, was the hero of the day in fast-moving Paris. The Salonière Madame du Deffand reported to London: “During his six week stay he did nothing or did anything that deserved criticism. One cannot be more active, more eloquent and at the same time simpler, more natural and more careful. "

Sea maneuvers off Toulon, July 1777 (Chevalier Flotte de Saint-Joseph).

Joseph then went on a tour of the Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts of France. How he planned his travels is shown in a letter he previously wrote to Leopold: “I expect to leave in eight or ten days, and I have calculated my time and the distance to be covered. I still have thirty-six days before my camps and a total of thirty-nine days to drive, so I have twenty-seven days for visits, which I cannot divide in advance, since I want to be guided by which objects prove to be interesting. "

Due to current events, the milestones of his Tour de France included the war ports of Brest and Toulon . He also spent several days in the trading cities of Bordeaux , Marseille and Lyon . There was even enough time for a trip to the Spanish Basque Country .

Joseph took the way back via Geneva , Switzerland and Upper Austria . Apparently he had little desire to play the role of the obedient son again at home. Having already liked Lyon as his place of residence, he toyed with the idea of ​​surrendering the throne and moving to Lake Geneva .

Rhine Falls ( Johann Jakob Schalch ).

In France he had met many celebrities, but not Rousseau , as was claimed. Now he refrained from the expected visit to Voltaire in Ferney . This probably not so much for the sake of the bigoted mother as because the poet prince had disregarded his incognito. Voltaire's snub cost him a lot of sympathy. In Bern he visited Albrecht von Haller , whose estate he later bought.

Joseph would have liked to add the Swiss Thurgau to Upper Austria . In the Freiburg Minster he demonstrated that religiosity can get by without fuss : Instead of using the prayer chair provided, he knelt on the bare floor. In Waldshut , his servants expressed to Lavater “a great longing to return home - they seemed very disgusted with traveling back and forth, unpacking and packing.” Before Schaffhausen , Joseph admired the “violence” of the flooding Rhine Falls .

In the diary of this trip, the emperor made around 850 evaluations, almost 60 percent of which were positive. Out of 74 particularly positive ratings, 12 each concern green spaces and castles, 8 each for the fine arts, the military and the theater, 7 landscapes, 4 industries, 3 for agriculture and 2 for scholars. Of 47 particularly negative evaluations, 14 are for the military, a total of 8 for the fine arts and monument preservation, 4 each for the situation of farmers and shipping, 3 each for hospitals / penitentiaries, the theater and cattle breeding, and 2 each for green spaces and Streets. After the trip, according to the French ambassador Breteuil , Joseph only spoke of trade. He wished that the ports of the monarchy would pulsate with life.

Styria, Hungary 1777 (22 days)

Bohemia, Moravia 1777 (26 days)

War of the Bavarian Succession 1778 (227 days)

→ Main article : War of the Bavarian Succession

Joseph with his generals, 1779 ( Johann Christian Brand ).

After the death of Elector Maximilian III. Joseph of Bavaria raised a claim to his property on the basis of family relationships and agreements with the childless deceased. Friedrich II succeeded in mobilizing the other German princes against it. This success led him to believe that he could now wrest Bohemia from the House of Austria.

In April Joseph joined the army as commander in chief. When the numerically superior Prussians invaded Bohemia in July, he was on the verge of panic . He alerted his mother with the statement: “The preservation of the monarchy depends on a few unfortunate moments.” He wrote to his brother Leopold: “What a terrible thing the war is, the devastation of the fields, the villages, the complaints of the poor peasants, ultimately the ruin of so many innocent people, the unrest that fills you day and night (...) when the critical moment has come (...) ”.

The 37-year-old's first campaign lasted until November and ended with old Fritz's withdrawal . There was no decisive battle. Maria Theresa had put out peace feelers behind her son's back. After the Treaty of Teschen was signed in 1779 , Joseph is said to have told the French ambassador Breteuil that if you missed the opportunity to become a commander in his old age, you have to renounce your arms and become a hermit .

Moravia, Austrian Silesia, Bohemia, Upper Austria, Innviertel 1779 (82 days)

Joseph spent the first six weeks of this trip, which lasted from August to November, inspecting the northern border of the countries of the Bohemian Crown. After three more weeks in Bohemia, he inspected the Innviertel, the only piece of Bavaria that the Peace of Teschen had left the monarchy.

Hungary, Moravia, Galicia, Poland, Russia 1780 (117 days)

Catherine II, 1782 (Richard Brompton).

In view of Frederick II's anti-Austrian policy and the deteriorating relationship with France, Joseph sought to work with Catherine II. Since the two planned to visit neighboring parts of their states in 1780, he suggested that the Empress take this opportunity to get to know each other. At Katharina's promise, he drove to Galicia in April and from there in May to the agreed meeting point at Mahiljou (Mogilew) in Belarus .

On leaving the monarchy, he handed the 28 people who accompanied him a handwritten order in which a. means: “Nobody undertakes to insult or even hit the slightest stranger. (…) The coachmen cannot be driven, and if wagons come towards us, they tolerate it without a murmur. ”The vehicle fleet comprised five half-covered carriages and two kitchen wagons, which together required 40 horses.

First the emperor crossed the remainder of Poland. With Kiev ( Ukraine ) he reached the first city in Katharina's empire. There he studied the Russian military. Field Marshal Rumyantsev served him as an exercise in the customary praise of the powerful. In Joseph's own words, "To praise him, I burned a lot of incense - I would have had convulsions if I were him, but he didn't even seem to have to sneeze from it."

Mahiljou turned out to be an ugly wooden city with streets full of mud. The area was teeming with mosquitos. Joseph accompanied Katharina to Smolensk and then went to Moscow without her , where he spent a week. The size of the city impressed him. He liked the strollers in the Kaisergarten, "all dressed very well in the French fashion, one of which was very pretty."

Maria Feodorovna, around 1777 ( Alexander Roslin ).

In Saint Petersburg he met the Empress again. He envied Crown Prince Paul (I) his wife Maria Fjodorowna ( Sophia Dorothea von Württemberg ). If he had known ten years earlier about a princess - so he wrote to his mother - who had the clever demeanor and the physical and mental advantages of the Grand Duchess, he would have stepped before the altar again without hesitation . He had to lay the foundation stone for the Temple of Friendship, which Maria Fyodorovna had built in the English garden of her summer residence in Pavlovsk .

Farewell to Catherine II (anonymous).

After a three-week stay on the Neva and the Gulf of Bothnia , he returned via Katharina's possessions in the Baltic States and then via Poland and Galicia. In Jelgava (Mitau) he pretended to be asleep in the carriage to avoid an inopportune encounter with the Duke of Courland . In Kaunas (Kovno), Lithuania , he wrote to his mother at a Jew's house, where there was only a bench but no table.

During the course of the trip, Joseph learned that Catherine was thinking of renewing the Byzantine Empire and installing her second-born grandson Constantine as emperor in Constantinople . Her guest had they suggest trying that he could at Rome and the Papal States hold harmless. Although Joseph considered these plans to be castles in the air and distrusted Katharina's intentions, he concluded a secret defensive alliance with her in 1781 , which a few years later became his undoing.

Moravia, Bohemia 1780 (28 days)

Travel as sole ruler

Even after his mother's death left him with sole responsibility for the multiethnic state, the emperor did not forego long trips at home and abroad. Including the campaign of 1788, he was absent for two of the nine years of his sole rule of Vienna. During this time Kaunitz took over the role of deputy head of state.

Northern Upper Rhine, Austrian Netherlands, United Netherlands, France, Württemberg, Bavaria 1781 (85 days)

Relief created in 1781 on the Palace of the Sovereign Council of Brabant (Gilles-Lambert Godecharle).

Joseph's first trip in this period lasted from May to August 1781. The only one of his states that he had not yet seen was the Austrian Netherlands . Like Milan, they were subordinate to the State Chancellor. They had the highest standard of living in Europe, but almost medieval constitutions. Like the parliaments of France, their courts of justice defied central power. The Sovereign Council of Brabant, for example, built a palace in Brussels that is now the palace of the nation of Belgium and houses the federal parliament . Governor Charles of Lorraine (Joseph's uncle) died in 1780. Maria Theresia had named Joseph's sister Marie Christine and her husband Albert von Sachsen-Teschen as his successors. However, the two had not yet been able to take up their office because the emperor insisted on first inspecting his most valuable property.

Joseph planned to align the organization of the Austrian Netherlands with that of his other states. During his visit he bypassed all the usual formalities and ceremonies , wore simple uniform and stayed in inns instead of palaces and abbeys . He presented himself as an effective , dynamic sovereign who scrutinized all aspects of administration - and much more. His entourage consisted only of Major General Terzi , Chief Surgeon Brambilla , Cabinet Secretaries Knecht and Anton, two members of the Hungarian Noble Life Guard , two cooks, five lackeys , a wagon master and a " baggage supervisor ". Other guards acted as couriers to ensure communication with Vienna and the other courts. The fleet consisted of three six-horse and three four-horse wagons, for which horses had to be ordered from 361  post stations . As a small concession to his recreational needs, Joseph allowed himself “a detour to see the most fertile part of Germany, namely the Bergstrasse and the Palatinate ” on the way there. In a monastery in Namur , the monarch visited the Marquise von Herzelles , to whom he might have proposed marriage after the death of his second wife.

The trip took place at a time of international tension instead: while France and the United Provinces in the American Revolutionary War , the United States supported, Austria remained neutral in its maritime trade zugutekam. As a gray-clad "Count von Falkenstein" and without any escort vehicle, the Emperor made a detour to Dunkirk in France , which could be expected to be attacked by the Royal Navy . By the time a sailor recognized him, he had already visited half the port. In Ostend , which he declared a free port , out of consideration for his ally France, he had to forego crossing over to England like his father once did. In Bruges he met the Duke of Gloucester , who on behalf of his brother George III. had traveled to meet. At Ghent and Antwerp he reconnected the border fortifications of the United Netherlands. In Brussels, according to the French Ambassador d'Adhémar, he carried out an “unimaginable” activity to get an overview of the country's administration. Of the thousands of petitions he received, many concerned internal tariffs and deficiencies in the judiciary.

While the new governors were moving into Brussels and swearing the country's constitution in his place, Joseph toured the United Netherlands. He followed in the footsteps of Peter I of Russia. He admired the “incomparable and incredible wealth of industry”, but found the military in poor condition. As everywhere, his encyclopedic interest extended to social, scientific, religious and cultural institutions. In Amsterdam , his daily program included no less than 20 sights. He expressed a particular preference for gardens and avenues . He allowed himself another detour to see the fashionable spa in the Principality of Liège , where he only stayed two days. There he met Prince Heinrich of Prussia , accompanied by the writers Raynal and Grimm . More interested in the opposite sex than the brother of Frederick II, he accepted the company of Lady Derby and three beautiful Irish women.

Marie-Antoinette had the park of the Petit Trianon illuminated for her brother (Claude-Louis Châtelet).

On the way back, Joseph visited Marie-Antoinette in Versailles , who organized a festival in his honor at the Petit Trianon . Because of the theme of the reunion of brother and sister, Gluck's opera Iphigénie en Tauride was performed, "according to which" - according to Terzi - "the whole company in the very large and beautiful English gardens, so illuminated in a new way and in different areas with all sorts of things musical instruments were occupied, went for a walk ”.

Elisabeth von Württemberg, 1782 (after Johann Jakob Mettenleiter ).

In Étupes near Montbéliard , the emperor asked for the hand of Elisabeth of Württemberg , the sister of Grand Duchess Marija Fjodorovna, on behalf of his nephew Franz (II) . The marriage was supposed to seal the alliance between Vienna and Saint Petersburg. Kaunitz had unsuccessfully recommended to his master to marry the princess himself.

Following the trip, Joseph arranged for the United Netherlands to withdraw their troops from the barrier fortresses on the French border. On the other hand, he did not manage to have the blockade of the Scheldt lifted and Antwerp granted access to the sea that was lost in 1585. The project to swap the Austrian Netherlands with the Brussels- born Elector Karl Theodor von der Pfalz for Bavaria failed in 1785 because of the resistance of the Prince League , which Frederick II founded, but also because of Joseph's own indecision. The opposition of the clergy and estates to his reforms led to the Brabant Revolution in 1789 .

Hungary 1781 (10 days)

Moravia, Bohemia 1781 (27 days)

Hungary, Slavonia, Croatia, Banat, Transylvania, Bucovina, Galicia 1783 (78 days)

In anticipation of a war between Russia and Turkey, in which he could be drawn as an ally of Catherine II, Joseph had mobilized over 100,000 Croatians and 100,000 regular soldiers. From April to August 1783 he inspected the 1500 km long border between the monarchy and the Ottoman Empire, where he only stayed more than twice in Petrovaradin (Peterwardein), Sibiu, Chernivtsi (Ukrainian Chernivtsi) and Lviv. He raised hopes among the oppressed Wallachians of Transylvania, which in 1784 led to the Horea revolt against the Hungarian nobility.

Moravia, Bohemia 1783 (36 days)

Carinthia, Tyrol, Mantua, Parma, Papal States, Tuscany, Naples, Genoa, Milan, Veneto, Gorizia, Trieste, Carniola, Styria 1783/84 (116 days)

Joseph II welcomes Pope Pius VI. , 1782 ( Hieronymus Löschenkohl ).

Unlike the emperor's first two trips to Italy, this one took place in winter (December to March). Unannounced Joseph returned the visit that Pope Pius VI. Had done in Vienna in 1782. In doing so, he defied the pontiff 's right to appoint bishops and to adapt historical borders of dioceses to the political map.

Maria Carolina and Ferdinand IV of Naples, 1783 ( Angelika Kauffmann ).

After visiting his sister Maria Carolina in Naples again, Joseph spent three weeks in Pisa and Livorno . He asked his brother and heir Leopold to reunite Tuscany, which he had left to him in 1765, with the entire state. After her brother Ferdinand married the heiress of the Duchy of Modena in 1780 , a coherent family estate would have arisen in Italy, which could have been linked to Austria through the annexation of Venetian territories. According to the ideas of Leopold, who harbored resentment against Joseph, the Grand Duchy, however, should become a secondary school . For this purpose he wanted to transform it into a constitutional monarchy with parliament and census voting rights. He was also reluctant that his elder Franz (II) should be brought up under Joseph's supervision in Vienna. But on this point the emperor made the brother give in by promising him a generous supply for his other six sons. With relentless openness he wrote to Leopold that he was only taking on Franz's upbringing out of a sense of duty, since Franz was slow, lazy, introverted , unimaginative, ambitious and cunning: "His natural talents in no way recommend this young man (...)" The trip concluded with stays of three weeks in Milan and one week in Trieste.

Moravia, Bohemia, Hungary 1784 (59 days)

Tyrol, Mantua, Milan, Veneto, Carinthia, Styria 1785 (37 days)

According to Eleanor von Liechtenstein , after this trip, Joseph was pale, emaciated, without strength or voice. He looked like someone who had come through a serious illness.

Styria, Croatia, Slavonia, Hungary, Transylvania, Bucovina, Galicia 1786 (71 days)

According to Eleonore von Liechtenstein, Joseph returned from this trip very aged.

Moravia, Bohemia, Upper Austria, Styria 1786 (44 days)

Moravia, Galicia, Russia, Poland 1787 (81 days)

Catherine II provoked the Turks by making a triumphal procession through their newly acquired possessions on the Black Sea . It culminated in a visit to the Crimea , which she would not have been able to acquire without the alliance with the emperor. Conversely, it was only for the sake of this alliance that Joseph accepted the invitation to take part in the trip - if anywhere, he would have preferred to go to England

As vigorous as on this memorial plaque in Nový Jičín (Neutitschein) ...

It was an old-style court trip that Katharina set out for in January by sleigh. She stayed in Kiev until May before continuing her journey on the Dnepr (Ukrainian Dnipro). Joseph did not leave Vienna until April. On the way he visited the Wieliczka Salt Mine in Galicia. From Lviv he needed 52 horses - at least until the field kitchen he was carrying fell off a bridge.

... when Joseph met Catherine II again, Joseph was no longer (Hieronymus Löschenkohl).

The city of Kherson , founded in 1778 at the mouth of the Dnepr, was agreed as the meeting point . Since Katharina had not yet arrived there, the emperor drove upstream to meet her as far as Kodak . The aged prior to the time 46-year-old had the portly 58-year-old to court and the eccentric behavior of her 47-year-old ex-lover Potemkin (older spelling Potemkin) and his 28-year-old successor Mamonov ignore. The two crowned heads together laid the foundation stone for the church in the city of Yekaterinoslav (later Dnipropetrovsk, today Dnipro), which the Empress had built on the rapids of the Dnieper.

You lead the travel company from illusion to illusion, said Joseph to France's ambassador Ségur , who was part of the party. He also complained to the diplomat about the harshness of serfdom and the low value of human life in the hostess's realm. But when he tried to buy the favor of a girl from the people, which apparently belonged to his habit, the owner threatened to make a scandal out of it, so that the urbane Prince von Ligne had to bail out his boss.

The visit to the Crimea lasted a good two weeks. On a sloping stretch of road in front of Bakhchysarai , the former residence of the Tartar Khan , the sixteen horses that pulled Katharina's state carriage went through, but the occupants got away with the horror. Joseph bought a six-year-old Tatar girl from a slave dealer, whom he had brought up in Vienna. The highlight of the trip was the inspection of the port city of Sevastopol, founded in 1783, and the Black Sea fleet stationed there . Returning to Kherson, the emperor reconnoitered the Turkish fortress Ochakiv (Russian Ochakov), which ruled the mouth of the Dnieper.

When he learned with great delay that the opposition to his reforms in Belgium had assumed dangerous forms, he broke off his longest and most adventurous journey and hurried back to Vienna.

Bohemia, Moravia 1787 (11 days)

Turkish War 1788 (281 days)

→ Main article : Russo-Austrian Turkish War (1787–1792)

Provoked by Catherine II, the Hohe Pforte declared war on her in August 1787. The alliance concluded in 1781 obliged Joseph to assist. He should have taken care of the Austrian Netherlands , where the clergy and estates were storming against his reforms. The emperor decided to form a cordon from the Adriatic to the Dniester (Dniestr in Polish) and to cover this with six army corps, leaving the initiative to the enemy. Only a preventive strike against Belgrade was planned, but this failed because of the bad weather.

Joseph's army was well prepared ( Martin Ferdinand Quadal , 1786) ...

After delaying declaring war on Turkey until February 1788, Joseph first inspected the western part of the cordon. In April, the Slavonian corps captured Šabac (Schabatz). The emperor personally assumed command of the main army. He moved his headquarters from Petrovaradin (Peterwardein) to Zemun (Semlin). This placed it opposite Belgrade, the siege of which, however, proved to be unexpectedly time-consuming.

... just not on this enemy (Turkish main army on the march, May 1788).

Then the campaign turned into a catastrophe , even though Joseph commanded over 280,000 men. On the one hand, he contracted tuberculosis . On the other hand, he came up against the main Turkish army. In August it advanced into the Banat over the Poarta Orientală Carpathian Pass . Instead of falling on her flank , as his military mentor Lacy advised him, Joseph contented himself with rushing to the aid of the Banat Corps, which had withdrawn behind the aforementioned pass. Another enemy division now penetrated the Banat along the Danube. A third threatened to stab Joseph in the back via Transylvania. Therefore he ordered the nightly retreat from Caransebeş (Karánsebes). In the course of this, a dispute over brandy and a false alarm triggered shootings among the troops and the entourage to flee . The army flooded back to Lugoj (Lugosch) in disorder . The sick ruler was separated from his officers, even from his groom, and for a while had to get by all by himself.

He only returned to Vienna in December. The Turks had meanwhile withdrawn towards Serbia . The Bukovinian corps under Saxe-Coburg , supported by the Russians, had conquered Chotyn , the Croatian under Laudon Dubica and Novi (both Bosnia ). But the campaign had cost almost as much money as the entire Seven Years War . In addition to those killed in action, 80,000 men had died of disease or fell into Turkish slavery.

From then on Joseph, who had a little more than a year to live, never left Vienna. It was said: “The peasant God, the citizen hardship, the nobility's ridicule is dead.” While the army was now fighting more successfully against the Turks, the Brabant Revolution broke out in the Austrian Netherlands . In the other states of the monarchy, too, the dying emperor had to reverse many of his reforms.

Travel companion

Only "cavaliers", in alphabetical order, from 1765, without campaigns.

• Michael Anton Ignaz Graf von Althann (1716–1774), General of the Cavalry: 1769 (Neisse).
• Joseph Karl Count d'Ayasasa (1715–1779), General of the Cavalry: 1769 (Neisse).
• Ludwig Graf von Belgioioso (1728–1801), major general, envoy to London: 1777.
• Johann Georg Graf von Browne (1742–1794), Major General: 1779, 1780.
• Johann Philipp Graf von Cobenzl (1741–1810), Vice President of the Banco Deputation: 1777.
• Joseph Graf von Colloredo (1735–1818), Major General, 1771 Lieutenant Field Marshal: 1766, 1768, 1769 (Neisse), 1777, 1783.
• Johann Karl Graf von Dietrichstein (1728–1808), Oberststallmeister: 1768, 1769 (Italy, Neisse), 1772 (Bohemia).
• Count Samuel Gyulay (1723–1802), major general: 1773.
• Andreas Graf Hadik (1711–1790), Field Marshal, President of the Court War Council: 1779.
• Philipp Joseph Graf Kinsky (1741–1827), major general: 1787.
• Franz Moritz Graf von Lacy (1725–1801), Field Marshal, President of the Court War Council: 1766, 1768, 1769 (Neisse), 1773.
• Gideon Ernst Freiherr von Laudon (1716 / 17–1790), Feldzeugmeister, 1778 Field Marshal: 1768, 1769 (Neisse), 1770, 1772 (Galicia), 1773, 1779.
• Dietrich Alexander Freiherr von Miltitz (1726–1792), major general: 1768.
• Friedrich Moritz Graf von Nostitz (1728–1796), major general, 1771 Lieutenant Field Marshal: 1766, 1768, 1769 (Italy, Neisse), 1773.
• Karl Klemens Graf von Pellegrini (1720–1796), Feldzeugmeister: 1773.
• Anton Joseph Freiherr von Reischach (1728–1803): 1769 (Italy).
• Albert Herzog von Sachsen-Teschen (1738–1822), field marshal, governor in Hungary: 1766, 1768, 1769 (Neisse), 1770.
• Johann Tobias Freiherr von Seeger (1728–1793), Colonel: 1779.
• Joseph Graf von Šišković (1719–1783), Feldzeugmeister: 1773.
• Ludwig Freiherr von Terzi (1730–1800), major general: 1781.
• Friedrich Joseph Freiherr von Zehentner (around 1728–1812), Colonel, 1783 Major General: 1780, 1783.

bibliography

Ordered chronologically in ascending order. The inclusion of a title does not imply any rating.

Unprinted sources

The travel diaries are written in German.

• Austrian State Archives , Department of House, Court and State Archives, including Hofreisen 1 (smaller trips 1766–1781; Naples, Lombardy 1769); Court trips 2 (Hungary, Slavonia, Banat 1768); Hofreisen 3 (Bohemia, Moravia, Austrian Silesia 1771): Hofreisen 4–6 (Galicia 1773); Hofreisen 7 f. (Hungary, Banat, Transylvania, Maramureș 1773); Hofreisen 9 (Croatia, Litorale, Venice 1775; France 1777); Hofreisen 10 (Moravia, Bohemia, Austrian Silesia 1779; France 1777); Court trips 11 (Galicia, Russia 1780; Russia 1787; Netherlands 1781; Turkish War 1788); State departments, France Varia 38 (France 1777).
• Johann Kaspar Lavater: The Kaÿserliche Woche or diary from 20. – 26. Julius 1777. Zurich Central Library , family archive, Lav. Ms. 18.
• (Ludwig von Terzi :) Journal of the tear, so his Majestæt der Kaÿser undertook the 22nd measure in 1781. Austrian State Archives, War Archives Department, Mem 1781-28-14.
• Lobkovicové Roudničti Rodinný Archive, Nelahozeves Castle ( Czech Republic ), p. 16 / 22-23 (letters to the Five Princesses ).
• Franz Ludwig de Selliers: Directory of the night stops taken by (...) Joseph the II on his journey from 1766 to 1790 (...) Austrian National Library , collection of manuscripts and old prints, Bibl. Pal. Vind. Cod. 7427.

Printed sources

Like other monarchs, the nobility and diplomacy, Joseph II corresponded in French. Quoted passages have been translated.

• List des Seigneurs et Dames, Venus aux Eaux Minérales de SPA, l'an 1781 ( digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fswedhs.org%2Fvisiteurs%2Fspa1781.pdf~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided%3D~LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
• Archduchess Maria Anna: Display and commemorative coins which were minted under the glorious government of the Empress Queen Maria Theresa / Médailles frappées sous le regne glorieux de l'Impératrice Reine Marie Thérese. 2 departments, Vienna 1782 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3DNplMAAAAcAAJ%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26hl%3Dde%26source%3Dgbs_ge_summary_r%26cad%3D0%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse~DIAZ%3D~% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
• Recueil des requêtes, placets et mémoires les plus intéressants, que l'on présenta, à Sa Majesté Imperiale Joseph II., Durant le Voyage, qu'il fit, dans ses Pays-Bas en 1781, Vienne 1782 ( digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3DhZcsAQAAMAAJ%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26hl%3Dde%26source%3Dgbs_ge_summary_r%26cad%3D0%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse%2DIAZ%3D~f%3Dfalse~DIAZ% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
• Johann Kaspar Lavater: Excerpts from my diary from Julius 1777 (...) Anecdotes from Emperor Joseph II and a conversation with him (...) In: Hand-Bibliotheck für Freünde, Manuscript (Zurich), 5/1793 (Volume 23), p. 101-238.
• Freiherr von Mednyansky (ed.): Emperor Joseph II. Trip to Russia (and) the meeting with Katharinen II. In the year 1780. From an eyewitness. In: Archive for History, Statistics, Literature and Art (Vienna), 16/1825 ( digitized version http: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3DcEZEAAAAcAAJ%26q%3DMednyansky%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided%3D~LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D), pp. 453–456.
• Louis-Philippe comte de Ségur : Mémoires, souvenirs et anecdotes. Volume 3, Paris 1827 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fmmoirsousouveni00degoog%23page%2Fn12%2Fmode%2F2up~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
• Pompeo Litta (Ed.): Relazione della venuta in Venezia di S. M. I. R. A. Giuseppe II. E dei RR. Arciduchi suoi fratelli nell'anno MDCCLXXV. Scritta da autore contemporaneo. Milano 1833 ( digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3DK-1VAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPA8%26dq%3DRelazione%2Bdella%2Bvenuta%2Bin%2BVenezia%26hl%3Dde%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D0ahUKEWiQV3Hepage%3D0ahUKEWiqRQ7f_h 26q% 26f% 3Dfalse ~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
• Mathurin-François-Adolphe de Lescure (ed.): Correspondance secrète inédite sur Louis XVI, Marie-Antoinette, la cour et la ville, de 1777 à 1792. 2 volumes, Paris 1866 (1: digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3DcAlCAAAAcAAJ%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26hl%3Dde%26source%3Dgbs_ge_summary_r%26cad%3D0%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%3Dfalse~DIAZ%3D%3D~ 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ; 2: digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3DoP9BAAAAcAAJ%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26hl%3Dde%26source%3Dgbs_ge_summary_r%26cad%3D0%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%3Dfalse~DIAZ%3D%3D~ 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
• Alfred Ritter von Arneth (ed.): Marie-Antoinette, Joseph II. And Leopold II. Their correspondence. Leipzig 1866 ( digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fmarieantoinette00antgoog%23page%2Fn6%2Fmode%2F2up~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
• Adam Wolf (eds.): Leopold II. And Marie Christine. Their correspondence (1781–1792). Vienna 1867 ( digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Freader.digitale-sammlungen.de%2Fde%2Ffs1%2Fobject%2Fdisplay%2Fbsb10403220_00007.html~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
• Alfred Ritter von Arneth (ed.): Maria Theresia and Joseph II., Their correspondence including letters from Joseph to his brother Leopold. 3 volumes, Vienna 1867 f. (1: digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3DdHRSAAAAcAAJ%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26dq%3Deditions%3AqrliqkeeFYkC%26hl%3Dde%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D0ahUKEwjn5ciOvKee3Depage %qqKeqeqeqe3D0HUKEwjn5ciOvKee3Ah%q%qeqeqeq%3d0ahUKEwjn5ciOvKeeFYkC% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ; 2: digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3Do3RSAAAAcAAJ%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26dq%3Deditions%3AqrliqkeeFYkC%26hl%3Dde%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D0ahUKEwjn5ciOvKeeq3DepageQ%3d%3D0ahUKEwjn5ciOvK6RQ3MHg 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ; 3: digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3D4HRSAAAAcAAJ%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26dq%3Deditions%3AqrliqkeeFYkC%26hl%3Dde%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D0ahUKEwjn5ciOvKeeFYkC%26hl%26ved%3D0ahUKEwjn5ciOvKee3Ah%qMepage %qMD0AHUKEwjn5ciOvKee23Ah%qMalEf%3D0ahUKEwjn5ciOvK6Ah 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
• Alfred Ritter von Arneth (ed.): Joseph II. And Catherine of Russia. Your correspondence . Vienna 1869 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Freader.digitale-sammlungen.de%2Fde%2Ffs1%2Fobject%2Fdisplay%2Fbsb10403095_00005.html~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
• Sébastien Brunner (Ed.): Correspondances intimes de l'Empereur Joseph II avec son ami le comte de Cobenzl et son premier ministre le prince de Kaunitz (…) Mayence 1871 ( digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3DosBAAAAAYAAJ%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26hl%3Dde%26source%3Dgbs_ge_summary_r%26cad%3D0%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse~DIAZ%3D~M% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
• Alfred Ritter von Arneth (Ed.): Joseph II. And Leopold von Toscana. Your correspondence from 1781 to 1790. 2 volumes, Vienna 1872 (1: digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3DKD5AAAAAYAAJ%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26dq%3DJoseph%2BII.%2Bund%2BLeopold%2Bvon%2BTuskana%26hl%3Dde%26sa%3DX%3Dde%26sa%3DX%26vedLO3D0ahUepage%3DX%26vedLO3D0ahUepage % 26q% 26f% 3Dfalse ~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ; 2: digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3D_skFAAAAQAAJ%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26dq%3Deditions%3AVb3GxKlb21MC%26hl%3Dde%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D0ahUKEwi77b-jg3D0AHUKEwi77b-jgNG3epage6%%%3DfrontCover%3D0ahUKEwi77b-jgNPQAh IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
• Adolf Beer (ed.): Joseph II., Leopold II. And Kaunitz, their correspondence, Vienna 1873 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fjosephiileopold00beergoog%23page%2Fn5%2Fmode%2F2up~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
• Alfred Ritter von Arneth, Mathieu-Auguste Geffroy (ed.): Marie-Antoinette, correspondance secrète entre Marie-Thérèse et le Cte ​​de Mercy-Argenteau, avec les lettres de Marie-Thérèse et de Marie-Antoinette. 3 volumes, Paris 1874 (1: digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fgallica.bnf.fr%2Fark%3A%2F12148%2Fbpt6k2003713~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ; 2: digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fgallica.bnf.fr%2Fark%3A%2F12148%2Fbpt6k200372g.r%3D%3Frk%3D64378%3B0~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ; 3: digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fgallica.bnf.fr%2Fark%3A%2F12148%2Fbpt6k200373v.r%3D%3Frk%3D42918%3B4~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
• Maurice Tourneux (ed.): Correspondance littéraire, philosophique et critique par Grimm, Diderot, Raynal, Meister, etc. (...), Volume 11, Paris 1879.
• Gustav Berthold Volz (Ed.): Political correspondence of Frederick the Great. 46 volumes (no longer published), Berlin, Weimar, Leipzig and Oldenburg 1879–1939 ( digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Ffriedrich.uni-trier.de%2Fde%2FpolitKorr%2Ftoc%2F~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
• Alfred Ritter von Arneth (Ed.): Letters from Empress Maria Theresa to her children and friends. 4 volumes, Vienna 1881 (1: digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fbriefederkaiser02arnegoog%23page%2Fn11%2Fmode%2F2up~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ; 2: digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fbriefederkaiser03arnegoog%23page%2Fn11%2Fmode%2F2up~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ; 3: digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3D9A0LAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPP1%26lpg%3DPP1%26dq%3DBriefe%2Bder%2BKaiserin%2BMaria%2BTheresia%2Ban%2Bihre%2BKinder%3Dreunde%2Bihre%2BKinder%3Dreunde%2Bihre%2BKinder%3Dreunde%2Breunde% 26ots% 3DLCCfG_C-jI% 26sig% 3DNHLJmsH8gQYTmFTZfRyt2af7iXs% 26hl% 3Dde% 26sa% 3DX% 26ved% 3D0ahUKEwiX3uHmuPfOAhVE8RQKHSOcAFAQ6AEIQseonfZ% 3Dvepage% 26% LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ; 4: digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fbriefederkaiser01arnegoog%23page%2Fn11%2Fmode%2F2up~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
• Rudolf Theil (ed.): Michael Conrad von Heidendorf, a self-biography. In: Archives of the Association for Transylvanian Regional Studies (Hermannstadt), New Series, 13/1876 f. – 18/1883, here: 16/1880 f., Pp. 426–495.
• Alfred Ritter von Arneth: Count Philipp Cobenzl and his memoirs. Vienna 1885 ( digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fgrafphilippcobe01arnegoog%23page%2Fn4%2Fmode%2F2up~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
• Alfred Ritter von Arneth, Jules Flammermont (ed.): Correspondance secrète du Comte de Mercy-Argenteau avec l'Empereur Joseph II et le Prince de Kaunitz. 2 volumes, Paris 1889/91 (1: digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fgallica.bnf.fr%2Fark%3A%2F12148%2Fbpt6k6216920p%2Ff17.item~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ; 2: digitizedhttp://vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fgallica.bnf.fr%2Fark%3A%2F12148%2Fbpt6k6219616p.r%3D%3Frk%3D42918%3B4~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
• Hanns Schlitter: Letters from Archduchess Marie Christine, governor of the Netherlands, to Leopold II. Vienna 1896.
• Adolf Beer, Joseph Ritter von Fiedler (eds.): Joseph II. And Ludwig Cobenzl. Your correspondence. 2 volumes, Vienna 1901 (1: digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fjosephiiundgrafl53jose%23page%2Fn5%2Fmode%2F2up~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ; 2: digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fjosephiiundgrafl54jose%23page%2Fn5%2Fmode%2F2up~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
• Rudolf Graf Khevenhüller-Metsch, Hanns Schlitter (Ed.): From the time of Maria Theresa. Diary of Prince Johann Josef Khevenhüller-Metsch, Imperial Court Master 1742–1776. 7 volumes, Vienna 1907–1925.
• Paget Toynbee (ed.): Lettres de la marquise du Deffand à Horace Walpole (1766-1780). Première édition complète. (...) Volume 3, Londres 1912 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Flettreshoracew03dudeuoft%23page%2Fn5%2Fmode%2F2up~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
• Wilmarth Sheldon Lewis (Ed.): The Yale edition of Horace Walpole's correspondence. 48 volumes, Yale University Press , New Haven 1937-1983, volume 33, p. 288 ( digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fimages.library.yale.edu%2Fhwcorrespondence%2Fpage.asp%3Fvol%3D33%26page%3D288%26srch%3Dlady%2520derby%25201781~GB%3D~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
• Suzanne Burkard (ed.): Mémoires de la baronne d'Oberkirch sur la cour de Louis XVI et la société française avant 1789 ( Le Temps retrouvé 21), Paris 1970.
• Franz Engl, Theodor Wührer (Ed.): Innviertel 1779. Travel journal Kaiser Joseph II. General staff report Colonel v. Seeger. Schärding (1979).
• Elisabeth Garms-Cornides (ed.): Giuseppe II d'Asburgo, Cortelazzara. Relazione a Maria Teresa sui Reali di Napoli. Sorrento 1992.
• Erich Donnert, Helmut Reinalter (Hrsg.): Journal of Emperor Joseph II's trip to Russia in 1780. Thaur near Innsbruck 1996.
• Prince de Ligne: Mémoires. Préface de Chantal Thomas. Mercure de France, 2004.

Contemporary representations

• Description of their majesty of the Rom. King Josephi II and his Archduke Leopold Königl. Your Highness, the last time in the month of Octobri of this current 1764th year after Boheim made the trip for past ceremonies (…) Prague (1764) ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3DFftSAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPT4%26dq%3Dnach%2BB%C3%B6heim%2Bunternehmenen%2BReyse%2Bf%C3%BCrgegendet%2BFeyeritäten%26hl%3Dde%26sa%3Den 26ved% 3D0ahUKEwjY-oW8xL7OAhUlBcAKHb3xAb8Q6AEIHjAA% 23v% 3Donepage% 26q% 26f% 3Dfalse ~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
• Ragguaglio o sia Giornale della venuta, e permanenza in Roma della Sacra Reale Cesarea Maestà di Giuseppe II. Imperatore de 'Romani & c. e di Sua Altezza Reale Pietro Leopoldo I. arciduca d'Austria e gran duca di Toscana. (...) Roma 1769 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3DYdVVAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPR1%26dq%3DRagguaglio%2Bo%2Bsia%2Bgiornale%2Bdella%2Bvenuta%26hl%3Dde%26sa%3DX%23v26%3Donepage%3DX%23v26%3Donepage%26sa%3DX%23v26%3Donepage% 3Dfalse ~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
• Lettera di ragguaglio della venuta, e permanenza in Napoli di Sua Maestà Cesarea Giuseppe II. Imperatore re de 'Romani & c. (...) Roma 1769 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fletteradiragguag00inro%23page%2Fn1%2Fmode%2F2up~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
• Alexandre-Jacques-Louis chevalier Du Coudray: Anecdotes intéressantes et historiques de l'Illustre Voyageur, pendant son séjour à Paris, Paris 1777 ( digital copyhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fanecdotesintres00coudgoog%23page%2Fn7%2Fmode%2F2up~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ); 2nd edition with addition: dédiées à la Reine, Paris 1777 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3DjIZXAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPA136%26lpg%3DPA136%26dq%3DAnecdotes%2Bint%C3%A9ressantes%2Bet%2Bhistoriques%2Bde%2Bl%E2urage%2%Billust% 2Bd% C3% A9di% C3% A9es% 2B% C3% A0% 2Bla% 2Breine% 26source% 3Dbl% 26ots% 3D0dMmdIrZZ-% 26sig% 3Dj4uPx8rQM5PeSoCpQLpzGRBHzBY% 26hlr% 3Dde% 26Wsa% 3DMzAcepage% 26hlr% 3Dde% 26Wsa% 3DMzAcepage% 26hlr% 3Dde% 26Wsa% 3DMzAcepage% 26hlr% 3Dde% 26Wsa% 3DMzAcepage% 26hlr% 3Dde% 26Wsa% 3DMzAcepage% 26hlr% 3Dde% 26Wsa% 3DMzAcepage% 26vHzhz-Wsa% 3DMzACduh% 26vHzhz-WS7% 3DMzAc % 26q% 26f% 3Dfalse ~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D )
• Alexandre-Jacques-Louis chevalier Du Coudray: Relation fidelle et historique, du voyage de Monsieur le Comte de Falckenstein, dans nos provinces, seconde partie. Paris 1777 ( digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fgallica.bnf.fr%2Fark%3A%2F12148%2Fbpt6k102037d%2Ff4.image~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
• Abbé Duval-Pyrau (Henri-François Pyrard): Journal et anecdotes intéressantes du voyage de Monsieur le comte de Falckenstein. Francfort / Leipsic 1777 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3DCENCAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPP8%26dq%3DJournal%2Bet%2Banecdotes%2Bint%C3%A9ressantes%2Bdu%2Bvoyage%2Bde%2BMonsieurstein%2teFal2%2Bcom% 26hl% 3Dde% 26sa% 3DX% 26ved% 3D0ahUKEwiRtcXSuvfOAhVCKcAKHeSsBf0Q6AEIHjAA% 23v% 3Donepage% 26q% 26f% 3Dfalse ~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided 3D% 3D ~ 3D ).
• Charles-Joseph de Mayer: Monsieur le Comte de Falkenstein, ou Voyages de l'Empereur Joseph II en Italie, en Bohème et en France (…) 2nd edition, Rome / Paris 1777 ( digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3D5NdfAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPA29%26dq%3DMonsieur%2Ble%2BComte%2Bde%2BFalkenstein%2C%2Bou%2BVoyages%2Bde%2Bl%E2ephur80%2Bde%2Bl%E2ephur80%2Bde%2Bl%E2ephur80%2Bde%2Bl%E2ephur80%2Bde%2Bl%E2ephur80%2Bde 2BII% 26hl% 3Dde% 26sa% 3DX% 26ved% 3D0ahUKEwj3i56iu_fOAhXMJMAKHRelCPoQ6AEIIDAA% 23v% 3Donepage% 26q% 26f% 3Dfalse ~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided 3D% 3D% LT% ).
• L'auguste voyageur Joseph II, empereur et roi des Romains, voyageant en France et dans les pays circonvoisins incognito, sous le nom du Comte de Falkenstein (...) Paris 1777.
• Le Voyage mémorable. Paris 1777.
• (Johann Jakob Fischer :) Letters to my friend to O… .r about the trip of the Count von Falkenstein to France. Ulm 1777 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3DMtBfAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPA143%26dq%3DBriefe%2Ban%2Bmeinen%2BFreund%2Bzu%2BO%E2%80%A6.r%2B%C3%BCber%2Bdie% 2BRtrip% 2Bdes% 2BGrafen% 2Bvon% 2BFalkenstein% 2Bto% 2BFrance% 26hl% 3Dde% 26sa% 3DX% 26ved% 3D0ahUKEwiXg9G6vPfOAhVeFMAKHYMkBPUQ6AEIHDAA% 23fal 0 ~ 3Dseonpage% 26% double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
• ( Adam Friedrich Geisler the Younger :) Joseph the Second on his trip to Paris. Naumburg 1777 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3DmEJhAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPP5%26dq%3DJoseph%2Bder%2BZweyte%2Bauf%2BSeiner%2BReise%2Bnach%2BParis.%2BNaumburg%2B3DX%26% % 26ved% 3D0ahUKEwiovfT0vPfOAhVoDsAKHbtWCpQ6AEIHjAA% 23v% 3Donepage% 26q% 26f% 3Dfalse ~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
• Johann Georg Mayer: The sublime eagle in the mask of the falcon. That is: Joseph the second, gloriously ruling Roman Emperor, journey to France, under the name of Count von Falkenstein; made in 1777. (...) Augsburg 1777 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3D_CVWAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPA27%26dq%3DDer%2Berhabene%2BAdler%2Bin%2Bder%2BMasque%2Bdes%2BFalken%2C%2Bdas%2Bist%26%2Bdas%2Bist%26% 3DX% 26ved% 3D0ahUKEwiBmpu2vffOAhUGKsAKHRXhCfUQ6AEIHjAA% 23v% 3Donepage% 26q% 26f% 3Dfalse ~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
• (Gauthier de Simpré :) Voyage en France de M. le comte de Falckenstein. 2 volumes ( Bibliothèque de campagne en XXXII volumes […] volumes 8 f.), Londres / Paris 1778.
• Mémoires secrets poured into the history of the republique of France from the MDCCLXII jusqu'à nos jours; ou Journal d'un observateur (...) Volume 10, Londres 1778 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3DypovAAAAMAAJ%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26dq%3Deditions%3AajkrV-U3eQkC%26hl%3Dde%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D0ahUKEwjLg__NwkD0ahUKEwjLg__NwkDAzD%26%3QROAhUS23 IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
• Anthological description of the trip of Count von Falkenstein to France in 1777. Schwabach (1778) ( digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3DoIVXAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPA34%26dq%3DAnthologische%2BBeschreibung%2Bder%2BReise%2Bdes%2BHerrn%2BGrafen%2Bvon%2BFalkenstein%2Bnachhl2B17DFrankreich%26%2Bnachhl2B17DFrance%26% 26sa% 3DX% 26ved% 3D0ahUKEwj0wcvhuffOAhXKKcAKHaPgAq8Q6AEIIjAB% 23v% 3Donepage% 26q% 26f% 3Dfalse ~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
• Johann Georg Mayer: The sublime eagle in the mask of the falcon, or Emperor Joseph II. Trip to Russia under the name of a Count von Falkenstein (...) Augsburg (1780) ( digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3DwSVIAAAAcAAJ%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26dq%3DDer%2Berhabene%2BAdler%2Bin%2Bder%2BMaske%2Bdes%2BFalken%2Boder%2BKaisephs26%2BeJosephs26%2Be % 3Dde% 26sa% 3DX% 26ved% 3D0ahUKEwiqwr6gv_fOAhVRGsAKHSQHA3wQ6AEIHjAA% 23v% 3Donepage% 26q% 26f% 3Dfalse ~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ 3D.% 3D ).
• Le véritable récit du voyage de l'Empereur aux Pays-Bas, l'année 1781. Mons 1781.
• Récit du voyage de Sa Majesté l'Empereur Joseph II dans les Pays-Bas (…) 2nd edition, Malines (1781) ( digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3D-9tNAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPA52%26lpg%3DPA52%26dq%3D%2522g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral%2Btercy%2522%26source%3Dbl%26ots% 3DchOo-AWWJP% 26sig% 3DjHaTX0xK7Nu7AH5oFx9iTExiwvc% 26hl% 3Dde% 26sa% 3DX% 26ved% 3D0ahUKEwiB5Z7yifDNAhXHBBoKHXLbDCgQ6AEIRDAI% 23v% 3Dseonepage% 26AEIRDAI% 23v 0% 3Dseonepage% 26AEIRDAI% 23v% 3Dseonepage% 26AZA% SQ6f% 23v% 3Dseonepage% 26AIf% 3Dseonepage% 26Fd% 3Dseonepage% 26Fd% 3Dseonepage% 26% 3 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
• Precis du voyage de S. M. l'Empereur Joseph II en Hollande. (...) Amsterdam 1781 ( digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3DOFVaAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPA28%26dq%3DPr%C3%A9cis%2Bdu%2Bvoyage%2Bde%2BS.%2BM.%2Bl%E2%80%99Empereur%2BJosephur%2BJosephur 2BII% 2Ben% 2BHollande% 26hl% 3Dde% 26sa% 3DX% 26ved% 3D0ahUKEwiQh-eYqMvOAhWDOxQKHZ9pBB4Q6AEINTAD% 23v% 3Donepage% 26q% 26f% 3Dfalse ~% IA% 3D ~ MDZZ% 3D% 3D ~ ~ LTZZ% 3D% 0A ~ 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
• (Alexandre Lemarié :) Le voyageur bienfaisant, ou Anecdotes du voyage de Joseph II dans les Pays-Bas, la Hollande, & c. (...) Paris / Liege 1781 ( digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3DxqpaAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPA3%26lpg%3DPA3%26dq%3DLe%2Bvoyageur%2Bbienfaisant%2C%2Bou%2BAnecdotes%26source%3g3dw6q26ots%Hvcj 26hl% 3Dde% 26sa% 3DX% 26ved% 3D0ahUKEwjZu9CFm-3NAhVBkRQKHY5AB54Q6AEIJDAC% 23v% 3Donepage% 26q% 26f% 3Dfalse ~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided 3D% 3D ~ LT% ).
• Voyage de l'empereur Joseph II aux XVII provinces des Pays-Bas au mois de Mai, Juin, Juillet, Aout 1781. Lille (1781).
• Voyage de S. M. I. Joseph II. Dans différens pays. Without location 1781.
• Adam Friedrich Geisler the Younger: Joseph the Second, Emperor of the Germans, undertook the second and third journey under the name of a Count von Falkenstein in the years 1780 and 1781. In letters to a friend in England. Hall 1781 ( digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3DQANYAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPA96%26dq%3DJosephs%2Bdes%2BZweit%2C%2BKaisers%2Bder%2BDeutschen%2C%26hl%3Dde%26sa%3DXALHUVED %3Dde%26sa%3DXALHUVED%3HXHXAWHQHUVED% 3QhXWirQAHUVED 23v% 3Donepage% 26q% 26f% 3Dfalse ~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
• Johann Friedel: Letters from Vienna of various contents to a friend in Berlin. Leipzig / Berlin 1783 ( digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fbriefeauswienver00frie%23page%2Fn3%2Fmode%2F2up~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
• Johann Michael Schweighofer: The travels of Joseph (sic) the Second, along with political considerations about the great trip to Cherson . (Vienna 1787).
• KFC Brown: About the return of the emperor from Tauria . (Vienna) 1787.
• Nathaniel William Wraxall: Memoirs of the Courts of Berlin , Dresden , Warsaw , and Vienna , in the Years 1777, 1778, and 1779. 2 volumes, 3rd edition, London 1806 (1: digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3D4EZLAAAAMAAJ%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26hl%3Dde%26source%3Dgbs_ge_summary_r%26cad%3D0%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse%26DIAZ%3D~f%3Dfalse~DIAZ%3D ~ 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ; 2: digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3Dcvo1AAAAMAAJ%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26dq%3Deditions%3AQl4eJcGK3YgC%26hl%3Dde%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D0ahUKEwiVx3d%3D0ahUKEwiVx23AhSS3AGEz26%%%%3D0ahUKEwiVxHUS3AGEz26%%%%%%%3D0ahUKEwiVxHSS3DAGEz_O 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).

Later publications with overarching topics

• (Franz Gräffer :) Josephinische Curiosa (…) 5 volumes, Vienna 1848–1850.
• Alfred Ritter von Arneth: History of Maria Theresa. 10 volumes, Vienna 1863–1879 (1: digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fgeschichtemariat01arneuoft%23page%2Fn7%2Fmode%2F2up~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ; 2: digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fgeschichtemariat02arneuoft%23page%2Fn7%2Fmode%2F2up~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ; 3: digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fgeschichtemariat03arneuoft%23page%2Fn7%2Fmode%2F2up~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ; 4: digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fgeschichtemariat04arneuoft%23page%2Fn7%2Fmode%2F2up~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ; 5: digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fgeschichtemariat05arneuoft%23page%2Fn7%2Fmode%2F2up~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ; 6: digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fgeschichtemariat06arneuoft%23page%2Fn7%2Fmode%2F2up~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ; 7: digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fgeschichtemariat07arneuoft%23page%2Fn7%2Fmode%2F2up~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ; 8: digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fgeschichtemariat08arneuoft%23page%2Fn7%2Fmode%2F2up~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ; 9: digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fgeschichtemariat09arneuoft%23page%2Fn7%2Fmode%2F2up~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ; 10: digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fgeschichtemariat10arneuoft%23page%2Fn7%2Fmode%2F2up~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
• Adam Wolf: Princess Eleonore Liechtenstein, 1745–1812, based on letters and memoirs of her time. Vienna 1875 ( digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3DSXgOAQAAMAAJ%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26hl%3Dde%26source%3Dgbs_ge_summary_r%26cad%3D0%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse%26DIAZ%3D~f%3Dfalse%26DIAZ%3D~f 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
• Johann Nosinich (finished by Ludwig Wiener): Emperor Josef II. As statesman and general (...) Vienna 1885.
• Marczali Henrik: Magyarország története II. József korában. 3 volumes, Budapest 1885/88 (1: digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fmagyarorszgt01marc%23page%2Fn3%2Fmode%2F2up~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ; 2: digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fmagyarorszgt02marc%23page%2Fn3%2Fmode%2F2up~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ; 3: digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fmagyarorszgt03marc%23page%2Fn3%2Fmode%2F2up~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
• Peter von Radics : The travels of Emperor Joseph (sic) II and the economy in Austria-Hungary. (...) Vienna 1890 ( digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fdiereisenkaiser00radigoog%23page%2Fn5%2Fmode%2F2up~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
• Oskar Criste: Wars under Emperor Josef II. (…) Vienna 1904 ( digitized version http: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fkriegeunterkais01crisgoog%23page%2Fn7%2Fmode%2F2up~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D).
• Ernst Pfeiffer: Frederick the Great's revue trips, especially the Silesian ones after 1763 (...) Berlin 1904.
• Павел Петрович Митрофановъ: Политическая деятельность Иосифа II, ея сторонники и ея враги (1780–1790). С.-Петербургъ 1907 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fstarieknigi.info%2FKnigi%2FM%2FMitrofanov_P_Politicheskaya_deyateljnost_Iosifa_II_1780_1790.pdf~~~%3D~IA%3ZD%3D~~%3D~0Z3ZD%3D~~%3D~IA%3ZD%2F LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ); quoted after Paul von Mitrofanov: Joseph II, his political and cultural activities, translated by Vera von Demelic, 2 parts, Vienna / Leipzig 1910 (1: digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fjosephiiseinepol01mitr%23page%2Fn3%2Fmode%2F2up~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ; 2: digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fjosephiiseinepol02mitr%23page%2Fn3%2Fmode%2F2up~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
• Gustav Gugitz : Josef II. And the women. In: Neues Wiener Tagblatt , January 27, 1935, p. 23 f .; February 3, 1935, p. 23.
• Carl Hinrichs: The omnipresent king, Frederick the Great in the cabinet and on inspection trips, Berlin 1940.
• François Fejtö (Fejtő Ferenc): Un Habsbourg révolutionnaire, Joseph II. Portrait d'un despote éclairé. Paris 1953.
• Edith Kotasek: Field Marshal Count Lacy. A life for Austria's army. Horn 1956.
• Roman Rózdolski: The great tax and agrarian reform Joseph II. A chapter on Austrian economic history. Warszawa 1961 (German).
• Adam Wandruszka : Leopold II. (...) 2 volumes, Vienna / Munich 1963/65.
• Walter Koschatzky (Ed.): Maria Theresia and their time (...) Salzburg / Vienna 1979.
• Austria at the time of Emperor Joseph II. (…) Lower Austrian State Exhibition, Melk Abbey, Vienna 1980, pp. 412–418 ( Joseph II's Travels ).
• Wolfgang May: Joseph II's travels. In: Austria at the time of Emperor Joseph II. (…) Lower Austrian State Exhibition, Melk Abbey, Vienna 1980, pp. 82–84.
• Wolfgang May: Studies on the travel activities of Emperor Joseph II. State examination work, Vienna 1983 (typescript).
• Wolfgang May: Travel “al incognito”, on the travel activities of Emperor Joseph II. In: Mitteilungen des Institut für Österreichische Geschichtsforschung, 93/1985, pp. 59–91.
• Derek Beales: Joseph II. 2 volumes, Cambridge 1987/2009.
• Timothy Charles William Blanning : Joseph II. London 1994.
• Georg Schreiber: Habsburgs on the move. Vienna 1994.
• Krisztina Kulcsár: The sources for the court trips in the Habsburg-Lorraine family archive from the years 1766 to 1788. In Josef Pauser et al. (Ed.): Source studies of the Habsburg Monarchy (16th – 18th centuries), Vienna / Munich 2004, pp. 108–119.
• Roland Kratzer: Joseph II's travels. Diploma thesis, University of Graz 2014 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Funipub.uni-graz.at%2Fobvugrhs%2Fdownload%2Fpdf%2F252087%3ForiginalFilename%3Dtrue~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
• Rebecca Gates-Coon: The Charmed Circle. Joseph II and the "Five Princesses," 1765-1790. Purdue University Press, West Lafayette, Indiana 2015. ISBN 978-1-55753-694-5 .

Later publications about individual trips

• Louis-Prosper Gachard: Voyage de Joseph II en Belgique en 1781. In: Revue de Bruxelles, March 1839, pp. 1-27 ( digitized version http: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fbabel.hathitrust.org%2Fcgi%2Fpt%3Fid%3Dhvd.hxfynq%3Bview%3D1up%3Bseq%3D441~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D).
• Benedikt Pillwein: Emperor Joseph II on his travels in Upper Austria. In: Upper Austrian Yearbook for Literature and Regional Studies, 1/1844, pp. 160–165.
• Kaspar Harb: Emperor Josef II in Leibnitz. In: Mittheilungen des Historische Verein für Steiermark, 1/1850, pp. 145–147 ( digitized version http: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3DC0I4AAAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA145%26dq%3DKaiser%2BJosef%25C2%25A0II.%2Bin%2BLeibnitz%26hl%3Dde%26sa%3DX%2Bin%2BLeibnitz%26hl%3Dde%26sa%3DX%26VedTCHe3D0ahU%3DX%26VED6Dde%26sa%3DX%26VED6He3D0ahU % 26q% 26f% 3Dfalse ~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D).
• Adolf Beer: The meetings of Josef II and Friedrich II in Neisse and Neustadt. In: Archive for Austrian History, 47/1871, pp. 383–527.
• Albin Body: Joseph II aux eaux de Spa. In: Bulletin de l'Institut archéologique liégeois, 17/1883, pp. 209–243 ( digitized version http: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fbulletindelinsti17inst%23page%2F209%2Fmode%2F1up~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D).
• Emil Blösch : Emperor Joseph II in Bern. In: Berner Taschenbuch, 32/1883, pp. 255–269 ( digitized version http: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.e-periodica.ch%2Fdigbib%2Fview%3Fpid%3Dbtb-001%3A1883%3A32%23265~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D).
• Emperor Joseph in Basel (1777). In: Basler Jahrbuch, 1883, pp. 265–268.
• Otto Eduard Schmidt: Emperor Joseph II in Meissen. In: Communications from the Association for the History of the City of Meißen, 4/1885, pp. 227–234.
• Gaudenzio Claretta: L'imperatore Giuseppe II a Torino nel giugno del 1769. Memorie aneddotiche. In: Archivio Storico Italiano, Quinta serie, Volume 6, Firenze 1890, pp. 386–425 ( digitized version http: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fs5archiviostoric06depuuoft%23page%2F386%2Fmode%2F2up~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D).
• Johann Polek: Joseph's II. Travels to Galicia and Bukowina and their importance for the latter province. (Reprint from: Yearbook of the Bukowiner Landes-Museum, 3/1895, pp. 25–140), Czernowitz 1895 ( digitized version http: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fjosephsiireisen00polegoog%23page%2Fn6%2Fmode%2F2up~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D).
• (Gustav Tobler :) The visit of Emperor Joseph to Bern. In: Intelligence Gazette and Berner Stadtblatt, April 19, 1895, p. 1 f.
• Jakob Keller: Joseph the Second Swiss Journey. In: Pocket book of the Historical Society of the Canton of Aargau (Aarau), 3/1896, pp. 69–101 ( digitized version http: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.e-periodica.ch%2Fcntmng%3Fpid%3Dthg-001%3A1896%3A-%3A%3A182~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ % 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D).
• Jacques Cart: Le voyage de l'empereur Joseph II en Suisse en 1777. In: Revue historique vaudoise (Lausanne), 4/1896, pp. 289-301 ( digital copy http: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.e-periodica.ch%2Fcntmng%3Fpid%3Drhv-001%3A1896%3A4%3A%3A510~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D).
• Eugène Hubert: Le voyage de l'empereur Joseph II dans les Pays-Bas (...) Bruxelles 1900 ( digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Flevoyagedelemper00hube%23page%2F1%2Fmode%2F1up~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
• Charles de Larivière: L'empereur Joseph II à Paris en 1777 et 1781. In: Revue politique et parlementaire, Volume 8, 1901, Volume 28, pp. 604-631.
• Concetta Mariani: Il viaggio di Giuseppe II a Roma ea Napoli nel 1769. Lanciano 1907 ( digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Filviaggiodigiuse00mari%23page%2Fn5%2Fmode%2F2up~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
• Heinrich Türler: A letter about Joseph II's visit to Bern, 1777. In: Blätter für Bernische Geschichte, Kunst und Altertumskunde, 3/1907, pp. 41–44.
• (Friedrich Hefele :) Anecdotes from Emperor Joseph II, when he was there in Freyburg in 1777 (...) In: Journal of the Society for the Promotion of History, Antiquity and Folklore of Freiburg, the Breisgau and the neighboring landscapes, 30 / 1914, p. 223 f.
• Ignaz Philipp Dengel: The stay of Emperor Joseph II in Rome in 1769. In: Yearbook of the Austrian Leo Society (Vienna), 1926, pp. 36–97.
• František Roubík : Relace císaře Josefa II. O jeho cestě do Čech, Moravy a Slezska r. 1771. In: Časopis pro dějiny venkova (Prague), 13/1926, pp. 102-119.
• Theresia Adamczyk: Catherine II's journey to southern Russia in 1787. In: Yearbooks for culture and history of the Slavs, New Series, 6/1930, pp. 25–53.
• Berthold Bretholz : The record-based report on Emperor Joseph II. Plowing a piece of land near the village of Slawikowitz on August 19, 1769 and the erection of a memorial there. In: Journal of the German Association for the History of Moravia and Silesia (Brno), 32/1930, pp. 79–93, 185–198.
• Mita Kostić: Car Josif II i nadvojvoda Maksimilijan o izgledu i mogućnosti osvojenja beogradske tvrdave 1768 i 1775. In: Jugoslovenski istoriski časopis (Belgrade), 5/1939, pp. 217-223.
• Hubert Rumpel: Emperor Joseph II's travels to Galicia. Diss. Phil., Erlangen 1946 (typescript).
• Franz Martin: Emperor Joseph II on the Haunsberg. In: Mitteilungen der Gesellschaft für Salzburger Landeskunde, 92/1952, pp. 156–160.
• Jakob Obersteiner: Visit of Emperor Joseph II. In Pöckstein. In: Carinthia I, journal for historical regional studies of Carinthia, 142/1952, p. 392 f.
• Erika Weinzierl -Fischer: The fight against the famine in Bohemia 1770–1772 by Maria Theresa and Joseph II. In: Mitteilungen des Österreichisches Staatsarchivs, 7/1954, pp. 478–514.
• Peter Walliser: When the German Emperor Joseph II went for a walk in Lohn near Solothurn. In: Jurablätter, monthly for local history and folklore, 21/1959, pp. 158–162.
• Bruno Pederzolli: L'intervento dell'imperatore Giuseppe II in 1783 per risolvere la crisi dell'industria serica di Ala che si ricorda in una lapide del palazzo Angelini. In: I Quattro Vicariati e le zone limitrofe (Ala), 6/1962, pp. 37-41.
• Walter Pillich: Emperor Joseph II in Linz. In: Historisches Jahrbuch der Stadt Linz 1963. Linz 1964, pp. 129–150, online (PDF) in the forum OoeGeschichte.at.
• Rafael Olaechea: José II y J. Nicolás de Azara . Los dos viajes del emperador Austriaco a Roma. In: Miscelánea Comillas, Revista de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales (Madrid), 22/1964, Número 41, pp. 77–153.
• Hans Wagner: Joseph II's journey to France in 1777 and the reforms in Austria. In: Österreich und Europa, Festgabe for Hugo Hantsch on his 70th birthday (…), Graz 1965, pp. 221–246.
• Sieglinde Neidenbach: The travels of Emperor Joseph II. In the Banat. Diss. Phil., Vienna 1967 (typescript).
• Michael Kuthe: From old chronicles. Imperial visit to the Konstanzer "Adler". In: Die Kulturgemeinde, monthly sheets of the Volksbühne (Konstanz), 20/1978, issue 2, p. 5 f.
• Gerda Mraz: The coronation journey of Joseph II. In Walter Koschatzky (ed.): Maria Theresia and their time (…), Salzburg / Vienna 1979, pp. 186–191.
• Jan Roegiers: Joseph II's journey in the Austrian Netherlands (…) In: Austria at the time of Emperor Joseph II (…) Lower Austrian State Exhibition, Melk Abbey, Vienna 1980, pp. 85–88.
• Hans Wagner: Joseph II's journey to France in 1777. In: Austria at the time of Emperor Joseph II (…) Lower Austrian State Exhibition, Melk Abbey, Vienna 1980, pp. 100–102.
• Wolfgang May: Joseph II's journeys to Russia in 1780 and 1787. In: Austria at the time of Emperor Joseph II. (…) Lower Austrian State Exhibition, Melk Abbey, Vienna 1980, p. 103 f.
• Heinz Moser: Emperor Josef II. Visit to the coin in 1777. In: Haller Münzblätter, 2/1980, pp. 309–317.
• Annie Henwood: L'empereur Joseph II à la découverte de la marine et de la France de l'Ouest (Juin 1777). In: Annales de Bretagne et des pays de l'Ouest, 91/1984, pp. 351-368 ( digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.persee.fr%2Fdoc%2Fabpo_0399-0826_1984_num_91_4_3170~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
• Antal Hegediš: Josif II o svom putovanju u Banat 1768. In: Istraživanja (Novi Sad), 11/1986, pp. 202-251.
• Lorenz Mikoletzky: "God the peasant, the need of the bourgeoisie, the nobility's ridicule lies on death." Emperor Joseph II. In: Festschrift Rudolf Neck ( communications from the Austrian State Archives  39), Vienna 1986, pp. 16–30.
• Le voyage de Joseph II dans les Pays-Bas autrichiens, 1781 (…) Exhibition catalog, Bruxelles 1987.
• Peter Genner: Did Joseph II want to conquer Switzerland? The political and psychological background of his transit in 1777. Licentiate thesis, Zurich 1990 (typescript).
• Erich Donnert: Joseph II's trip to Russia in 1780. In Conrad Grau et al. (Ed.): German-Russian Relations in the 18th Century (…) Wiesbaden 1997, pp. 23–38.
• Peter Genner: La visite de l'empereur Joseph II chez Samuel-Auguste Tissot. In: Mémoire Vive, pages d'histoire lausannoise, 6/1997, pp. 35-43.
• Stephan Meyer: Harbinger of doom. The fear of the Swiss aristocrats of Joseph II. Zurich 1999.
• Elisabeth Garms-Cornides: E se venisse cesare, riflessioni intorno ad un progetto di viaggio. In: Religione, cultura e politica nell'Europa dell'età moderna, Firenze 2003, pp. 309–333.
• Krisztina Kulcsár: II. József utazásai Magyarországon, Erdélyben, Szlavóniában és a Temesi Bánságban. Budapest 2004.
• Milan Šmerda: Cesta císaře Josefa II do českých zemí a Saska v roce 1766. In: Časopis Matice moravské ( Brno ), 124/2005, pp. 83-105.
• Нина Вячеславовна Бессарабова: Путешествия Екатерины II по России. Moscow 2005
• Ileana Bozac / Teodor Pavel: Călătoria împăratului Iosif al II-lea în Transilvania la 1773. Volume 1, Cluj-Napoca 2006.
• Гузель Вазыховна Ибнеева: Путешествия Екатерины ІІ. Kazan 2006.
• Marcela Měchurová: The enlightened despot Joseph II and his traces not only in Slawikowitz in Moravia. Diploma thesis, Masaryk University in Brno 2007 ( digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fis.muni.cz%2Fth%2F80005%2Fpedf_m%2FJoseph_II..pdf~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D version), pp. 32–92.
• Peter Genner: Pierre-Julien de Lanjuinais, panégyriste de Joseph II. In: Revue historique vaudoise, 116/2008, pp. 216–243 ( digitized version http: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.e-periodica.ch%2Fcntmng%3Fvar%3Dtrue%26pid%3Drhv-001%3A2008%3A116%3A%3A375~GB%3D~IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D).
• David M. Griffiths: Catherine II Discovers the Crimea. In: Yearbooks for the History of Eastern Europe, New Series (Stuttgart), 56/2008, pp. 339–348 ( digitized version http: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fdaten.digitale-sammlungen.de%2F~db%2F0008%2Fbsb00084018%2Fimages%2Findex.html%3Ffip%3D193.174.98.30%26seite%3D357% 26pdfseitex% 3D ~ GB% 3D ~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D).
• Josef II. A Podkrkonoší. Trutnov 2009.
• Гузель Вазыховна Ибнеева: Имперская политика Екатерины II в зеркале венценосных путешествий. Moscow 2009.
• Gilles Buscot: Pouvoirs et fêtes princières à Friborg-en-Brisgau (1677-1814). Peter Lang, Berne 2010, ISBN 978-3-03911-805-2 , pp. 191-216.
• Márta Fata: The religious diversity from the point of view of the Viennese court. Observation and evaluation criteria of the co-regent Joseph II during his trip to Transylvania in 1773. In: Historisches Jahrbuch (Freiburg im Breisgau), 133/2013, pp. 255–276.
• Krisztina Kulcsár: The Travels of Joseph II in Hungary, Transylvania, Slavonia and the Banat of Temesvar, 1768–1773. In: COLLeGIUM, Studies across Disciplines in the Humanities and Social Sciences (Helsinki), 16/2014 ( digitized version http: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.helsinki.fi%2Fcollegium%2Fjournal%2Fvolumes%2Fvolume_16%2Findex_16.htm~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D), pp. 34–57.
• Bernhard A. Macek : The coronation of Joseph II as Roman King in Frankfurt am Main. (...) Peter Lang, Frankfurt am Main 2014. ISBN 9783653984361 .
• Krisztina Kulcsár: Emperor Joseph II and the "overzealous" officials in the Timisoara Banat, 1768. In: Wynfrid Kriegleder et al. (Ed.), German language and culture in the Banat, Bremen 2015, pp. 147–172 ( digitized version http: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F12238873%2FKaiser_Joseph_II_und_die_%C3%BCbereifiges_Beamten_im_Temeswarer_Banat%3dZ3D0D0D%% S3DZ3D0D0D 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D).

Literary works

• Michael Denis : On the journey of Joseph the Second. Sung in Mayen 1769. Vienna (1769) ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3DaoQ6AAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPA3%26lpg%3DPA3%26dq%3DAuf%2Bdie%2BReise%2BJosephs%2Bdes%2BZweyten%26source%2BZweyten%26source%2BZweyten%26source%3Dbl%26lpg%3DPA3%3Dbl%3Dbl%26Lpg 26hl% 3Dde% 26sa% 3DX% 26ved% 3D0ahUKEwj1j8ftwr7OAhVD1hQKHarnAHQQ6AEIHDAA% 23v% 3Donepage% 26q% 26f% 3Dfalse ~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided 3D% 3D ~ LT% ).
• Michael Denis: On the journey of Joseph the Second. Sung in autumn 1769. Vienna (1769) ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3DcoQ6AAAAcAAJ%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26hl%3Dde%26source%3Dgbs_ge_summary_r%26cad%3D0%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%3Dfalse~DIAZ%3D ~ 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
• Joseph Eckhel: Speech on the journey of Joseps the Two, Roman Emperor in Italy. (Vienna) 1769 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3DErFhAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPA35%26dq%3DRede%2Bauf%2Bdie%2BReise%2BJoseph%2B%28sic%29%2Bdes%2Bzweyten%26hl%3Dde%26sa%3DX%26hl%3Dde%26sa%3DX%3DX 26ved% 3D0ahUKEwj5zNyxw77OAhUkCcAKHdFqCXQ6AEIHjAA% 23v% 3Donepage% 26q% 26f% 3Dfalse ~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
• Joseph II. Trip to the King of Prussia. A poem by Fidler. Vienna 1771 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3DRa9dAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPA20%26dq%3DIoseph%2Bdes%2BII.%2BReise%2Bzum%2BK%C3%B6nig%2Bvon%2BPreussen.%2BEin%2BG%2BG%2BEn 2BFidler.% 26hl% 3Dde% 26sa% 3DX% 26ved% 3D0ahUKEwiy5-KJyL7OAhULWhQKHT3aC54Q6AEILjAA% 23v% 3Donepage% 26q% 26f% 3Dfalse ~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ LZ% 3D. ~ Double-sided % 3D ).
• Michael Denis: On the journey of Joseph the Second. Sung in autumn 1771. Vienna 1771 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3D2d9iAAAAcAAJ%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26dq%3DAuf%2Bdie%2BReise%2BJosephs%2Bdes%2BZweyten%2C%2Bgesungen%2Bim%2BHerbste26%2B1771 3DX% 26ved% 3D0ahUKEwiSmL7ZyL7OAhWJuhQKHYXWA-QQ6AEIHjAA% 23v% 3Donepage% 26q% 26f% 3Dfalse ~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
• (Michael Denis :) On Joseph's journey. By Sined the Bard in Autumn 1773. Vienna 1773 ( digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3D3d9iAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPP1%26dq%3DAuf%2BJosephs%2BReise.%2BWien%2B1773%26hl%3Dde%26sa%3DX%3Dde%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D0ahUKEQWyzIpage%26ved%3D0ahUKEQ6WYAH726ved%3D0ahUKEQ3DX%26ved%3D0ahUKEQ3DX%26ved%3D0ahUKEQ6WyzIpage%26%3D0ahUKEQ3DX%26ved%3D0ahUKEQ6WyzIpage%26%3D0ahUKEQ3DX%26ved%3D0ahUKEQ3DX%26ved%3D0ahUKE_Qyhz67%3D0ahUKEQCWyzI%26%3D0ahUKEQWyhz%26% % 26f% 3Dfalse ~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
• (Daniel Filtsch :) Epic poems on Joseph, the Zweyten, Roman Kayser, on his journey to Transylvania (...) ( Herrmannstadt 1773) ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3DKFNWAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPR1%26dq%3Dauf%2B seine%2BReise%2Bin%2BSiebenb%C3%BCrgen%26hl%3Dde%26sa%3DX%26ved%3%Crgen%3DX%26vedStLj7cAhUKEwI%26vedStLj7cAhUKEwI%26VedStLj7cAhUKEwI%26VedStLj7cAhUKEwI%26VedStCj7cAhUKEwI 3Donepage% 26q% 26f% 3Dfalse ~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
• Epitre à Sa Majesté Impériale l'Empereur Joseph II, sur ce que dans son voyage en France, il n'avoit pas vu Mr. de Voltaire comme quelques gazettes avoient annoncé qu'il se proposait de le faire. Paris 1777.
• Conversation familière entre M. le comte de Falkenstein et Louis XVI. Paris ( Yverdon ) 1777 ( digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3D660WAAAAQAAJ%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26hl%3Dde%26source%3Dgbs_ge_summary_r%26cad%3D0%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%3Dfalse~DIAZ%3D%3D~ 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
• Pierre-Paul Gobet dit Dorfeuille: L'illustre voyageur, ou Le retour du comte de Falckenstein dans ses états, comédie (…) Gand 1778 ( digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3DisZNAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPA3%26lpg%3DPA3%26dq%3DLe%2Bretour%2Bdu%2Bcomte%2Bde%2BFalckenstein%2Bdans%2Bses%2B% C3%Aource 3Dbl% 26ots% 3DtWIVoYlwsL% 26sig% 3D2IND01v_PEHKwW1XIevTDS3ttus% 26hl% 3Dde% 26sa% 3DX% 23v% 3Donepage% 26q% 26f% 3Dfalse ~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ LT% 3D% 3D PUR% 3D ).
• Johann Rautenstrauch : Joseph's seventh journey. A song of the fatherland. Vienna 1778 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3D_AJYAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPT4%26lpg%3DPT4%26dq%3DJohann%2BRautenstrauch%2BJosephs%2Bsiebente%2BReise.%2BEinI%2BVaterlandslied%26source%3Dbluf26source % 26sig% 3DfosZElYJAxwMaboJpIWGXtdeicI% 26hl% 3Dde% 26sa% 3DX% 26ved% 3D0ahUKEwjv35_W-NbOAhUEsxQKHdciCZoQ6AEIHDAA% 23v% MDA% 23v% MDA% 26qse ~ 26fels% 3Dfal ~ PUR% 3D ).
• ( Sophie von La Roche :) Joseph II near Speier in 1781. Speier (1781) ( digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.dilibri.de%2Frlbdfg%2Fcontent%2Ftitleinfo%2F888486~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
• (André Du Bois de Schoondorp :) Stances à l'occasion du voiage de Sa Majésté Impériale, Roiale & Apostolique Joseph II (…) (Gand) 1781 ( digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3DK4I-AAAAcAAJ%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26dq%3DJoseph%2BII%2B%C3%A0%2BGand%26hl%3Dde%26DA%3DX%26ved%3D0ahUKE0WWjKO% 3Donepage% 26q% 26f% 3Dfalse ~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
• Emperor Joseph on the journey in the office (a sequel in two acts). Coburg 1799.
• Fritz von Herzmanovsky-Orlando: Emperor Joseph and the railroad attendant's daughter. In: Complete Works, Volume 6, ed. von Klaralinda Ma-Kircher, Salzburg 1985, pp. 73-147, 340-352, 380-394.

References and comments

1. ↑ Derek Beales: Joseph II. Volume 1, Cambridge 1987, p. 242 f.
2. ^ Maps: Austria at the time of Emperor Joseph II. (...) Catalog of the Lower Austrian State Exhibition in Melk, Vienna 1980, p. 712 f. (Travel outside the monarchy), 714 f. (Travel within the monarchy); Derek Beales: Joseph II, Volume 1, Cambridge 1987, pp. 244 f. (Travels from 1764 to 1780), Volume 2, Cambridge 2009, p. 134 f. (Travels from 1781 to 1787).
3. ^ Kingdom of Hungary (with Slovakia , Carpathian Ukraine , Croatia , Transylvania and Banat), Kingdom of Bohemia ( Czech Republic ), Kingdom of Galicia (including the Bukovina parts of Ukraine , Poland and Romania ), Archduchy of Austria (with Slovenia , parts of Germany , Switzerland and Italy ), Grand Duchy of Tuscany, Duchy of Burgundy (Austrian Netherlands with Luxembourg and most of Belgium ), Duchy of Milan, Fürstete Grafschaft Tirol etc.
4. ↑ Павел Петрович Митрофановъ: Политическая деятельность Иосифа II, ея сторонники и еуя враги (1780–1790) , p. 84 Сте.790 .; quoted after Paul von Mitrofanov: Joseph II., his political and cultural activities, translated by Vera von Demelic, Vienna / Leipzig 1910, 1st part, p. 93 f.
5. ^ Derek Beales: Joseph II, Volume 2, Cambridge 2009, p. 148.
6. ↑ Derek Beales: Joseph II. Volume 1, Cambridge 1987, p. 133.
7. ↑ See the Wikipedia article Märter Expedition .
8. ↑ Eleonore von Liechtenstein wrote that Joseph was only happy when he was traveling. (Derek Beales: Joseph II, Volume 2, Cambridge 2009, p. 34 / note 53.)
9. ^ Austrian State Archives , Department House, Court and State Archives, Hofreisen 1, No. 4, fol. 3.
10. ↑ Queen of Hungary, Bohemia, etc.
11. ↑ For the sake of curiosity, it should be mentioned that an adventurer traveled through Europe as the “Countess von Falkenstein” and posed as the daughter of the emperor. (Alfred Ritter von Arneth: Joseph II. And Leopold von Toscana. Their correspondence from 1781 to 1790, Volume 2, Vienna 1872, pp. 168, 191–193, 197; Alfred Ritter von Vivenot: Confidential Letters of the Baron von Thugut, Volume 1, Vienna 1872, p. 44 / note 31.)
12. ^ Rudolf Theil (ed.): Michael Conrad von Heidendorf, a self-biography. In: Archives of the Association for Transylvanian Regional Studies (Hermannstadt), New Series, 13/1876 f. – 18/1883, here: 16/1880 f., Pp. 457, 465, 486.
13. ↑ Franz Ludwig de Selliers: Directory of the night stops taken by (...) Joseph the II on his very high journeys (...) Austrian National Library, collection of manuscripts and old prints, Bibl. Pal. Vind. Cod. 7427; Peter von Radics: The travels of Emperor Joseph  (sic)  II and the economy in Austria-Hungary. (...) Vienna 1890.
14. ↑ 1500, 1700 and 2000 kilometers as the crow flies.
15. ↑ See Rebecca Gates-Coon: The Charmed Circle, Joseph II and the "Five Princesses," 1765–1790, Purdue University Press, West Lafayette, Indiana 2015.
16. ↑ Newly collected letters from Joseph II, Emperor of the Germans. Constantinople undated (Klagenfurt 1790).
17. ^ Derek Beales: The false Joseph II. In: The Historical Journal, 18/1975, pp. 467-495; Revised version in Derek Beales: Enlightenment and Reform in Eighteenth-century Europe, London / New York 2005, pp. 117–154.
18. ↑ You owe the oxymoron : "You will never know my name - I am the Emperor Joseph."
19. ↑ Derek Beales: Joseph II. Volume 1, Cambridge 1987, p. 111.
20. ^ Probably Kremnica ( Kremnica ), Banská Štiavnica (Schemnitz) and Smolník (Schmöllnitz) in today's Slovakia .
21. ^ Peter von Radics: The journeys of Emperor Joseph  (sic)  II. And the Volkswirthschaft in Austria-Hungary. (...) Vienna 1890, pp. 17–20.
22. ↑ Franz Ludwig de Selliers: Directory of the night stops taken by (...) Joseph the II on his very high journeys (...) Austrian National Library, collection of manuscripts and old prints, Bibl. Pal. Vind. Cod. 7427, fol. 3  recto .
23. ↑ ceded by Turkey in 1718. Today divided between Romania , Serbia ( Vojvodina ) and Hungary.
24. ^ Holders of high offices and generals. See the list of travel companions below.
25. ↑ There are settlements and districts named after Joseph elsewhere, for example the suburb of Józsefváros in Pest , renamed in 1777 , the Josefov fortress built in 1780–1787 in Jaroměř or the Borgo Giuseppino in Trieste founded in 1788 . In contrast, the Josefstadt in Vienna is named after Emperor Joseph I.
26. ↑ Derek Beales: Joseph II. Volume 1, Cambridge 1987, pp. 246-251.
27. ^ Johann Friedel: Letters from Vienna with various contents to a friend in Berlin. Leipzig / Berlin 1783, p. 32.
28. ↑ Franz Ludwig de Selliers: Directory of the night stops taken by (...) Joseph the II on his very high journeys (...) Austrian National Library, collection of manuscripts and old prints, Bibl. Pal. Vind. Cod. 7427, fol. 6 f., And Peter von Radics: The journeys of Emperor Joseph (sic) II. And the Volkswirthschaft in Austria-Hungary. (…) Vienna 1890, pp. 24–27, provide unreliable information.
29. ↑ Elected was Clement XIV. , Of 1773, the Society of Jesus lifted.
30. ↑ Casa di Giuseppe II ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fpompeiiinpictures.com%2Fpompeiiinpictures%2FR8%2F8%252002%252039%2520p1.htm~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
31. ↑ The harmless vaccination against cowpox only spread later.
32. ^ Adam Wandruszka: Leopold II. (...) Volume 1, Vienna / Munich 1963, p. 221.
33. ↑ Karol Fryderyk Woyda: Letters written about Italy in the years 1798 and 1799, 2nd volume, Leipzig 1802, p. 259 f.
34. ↑ Derek Beales: Joseph II. Volume 1, Cambridge 1987, pp. 255-271.
35. ↑ See Susan Richter: Plow and rudder. On the interweaving of rule and agriculture in the Enlightenment. Cologne 2015. ISBN 978-3-412-22355-7 .
36. ↑ Erika Weinzierl-Fischer: The fight against the famine in Bohemia 1770–1772 by Maria Theresia and Joseph II. In: Mitteilungen des Österreichisches Staatsarchivs, 7/1954, pp. 478–514; Derek Beales: Joseph II. Volume 1, Cambridge 1987, pp. 339-343.
37. ^ Nathaniel William Wraxall: Memoirs of the Courts of Berlin, Dresden, Warsaw, and Vienna, in the Years 1777, 1778, and 1779. Volume 2, 3rd edition, London 1806, p. 459.
38. ↑ Derek Beales: Joseph II. Volume 1, Cambridge 1987, pp. 219, 301 f., 359-366.
39. ↑ Derek Beales: Joseph II. Volume 1, Cambridge 1987, p. 366 f.
40. ^ Adam Wandruszka: Leopold II. (...) Volume 1, Vienna / Munich 1963, p. 303.
41. ↑ See Derek Beales: Joseph II. Volume 1, Cambridge 1987, pp. 367-385.
42. ^ Austrian State Archives, Department of House, Court and State Archives, State Department, France Varia 38, conv. 50, fol. 125-156.
43. ^ Alfred Ritter von Arneth: Count Philipp Cobenzl and his memoirs. Vienna 1885, p. 23 / note. 2.
44. ↑ Antal Szántay: Kaunitz and the administrative reforms of Joseph II. In Grete Klingenstein / Franz A. J. Szabo (eds.): State Chancellor Wenzel Anton von Kaunitz-Rietberg (...), Graz 1996, pp. 266–277, here: p. 275.
45. ↑ According to a list of which eight versions exist: Austrian State Archives, Department House, Court and State Archives, Hofreisen 9, Konv. 2, 11, 26, 72, 120 (handwritten), 186 (with personal corrections), 195; France Varia 38, lot 50, fol. 159; Austrian National Library, collection of manuscripts and old prints, Bibl. Pal. Vind. Cod. S. n.1710, fol. 148. The necessary 28 horses and local postillions were provided by the respective post office.
46. ^ Austrian State Archives, Department of House, Court and State Archives, Hofreisen 9, conv. 1, p. 65 (April 19, 1777).
47. ↑ Mercy-Argenteau to Maria Theresia, June 15, 1777, cited above. after Alfred Ritter von Arneth, Mathieu-Auguste Geffroy (ed.): Marie-Antoinette, correspondance secrète entre Marie-Thérèse et le Cte ​​de Mercy-Argenteau, avec les lettres de Marie-Thérèse et de Marie-Antoinette, Volume 3, Paris 1874, p. 50.
48. ↑ "(...) je crois qu'avec une femme comme elle j'aurais pu passer doucement ma vie (...)" Brest, June 8, 1777, Lobkovicové Roudničti Rodinný Archive, Nelahozeves Castle, Czech Republic, pp. 16 / 22-23 .
49. ^ "J'ai quitté Versailles avec peine, attaché vraiment à ma sœur; j'ai trouvé une espèce de douceur de vie à laquelle j'avais renoncé, mais dont je vois que le goût ne m'avait pas quitté. “Maria Theresa to Marie-Antoinette, June 29, 1777, quoted in. after Alfred Ritter von Arneth, Mathieu-Auguste Geffroy (ed.): Marie-Antoinette, correspondance secrète entre Marie-Thérèse et le Cte ​​de Mercy-Argenteau, avec les lettres de Marie-Thérèse et de Marie-Antoinette, Volume 3, Paris 1874, p. 86.
50. ↑ Cf. Joseph to Leopold, June 9, 1777. The passage in question was first published by François Fejtö: Un Habsbourg révolutionnaire, Joseph II, Portrait d'un despote éclairé, Paris 1953, p. 167. This drained speculation as to which Louis XVI at a phimosis have suffered and had been operated on by Brambilla.
51. ↑ "(...) la révolution sera cruelle (...)" Quoted from Alfred Ritter von Arneth (ed.): Marie-Antoinette, Joseph II. And Leopold II., Their correspondence, Leipzig 1866, p. 14.
52. ↑ Pierre-Julien de Lanjuinais had prepared the groundwork with his Panegyrikus Le monarque accompli, 3 volumes, Lausanne 1774. (Cf. Peter Genner: Pierre-Julien de Lanjuinais, panégyriste de Joseph II, in: Revue historique vaudoise, 116/2008, p. 216–243.)
53. ^ "Il n'a rien fait ni rien dit pendant six semaines de séjour qui ait été susceptible d'aucune critique. On ne peut être plus agissant, plus parlant, et en même temps plus simple, plus naturel et plus prudent. ”Quoted from Paget Toynbee (ed.): Lettres de la marquise du Deffand à Horace Walpole (1766–1780). Première édition complète (…) 3rd volume, Londres 1912, p. 340 f.
54. ↑ Alfred Ritter von Arneth (ed.): Maria Theresia and Joseph II., Their correspondence including letters from Joseph to his brother Leopold, 2nd volume, Vienna 1867, p. 136 f.
55. ^ "Si jamais impotent à mes occupations, et à charge d'Etat et à mes amis je me trouve réduit, c'est là que je deviendrai hermite." To the Five Princesses, Payerne, July 16 / Bern, July 17 1777, Lobkovicové Roudničti Rodinný Archive, Nelahozeves Castle, Czech Republic, P. 16 / 22-23.
56. ↑ For example the encyclopaedist d'Alembert , the natural scientist Buffon or the economist Turgot . See Austrian State Archives, Department of House, Court and State Archives, Hofreisen 9, conv. 2, p. 113 f. (List).
57. ↑ Derek Beales: Joseph II. Volume 1, Cambridge 1987, p. 377 / note. 70.
58. ↑ See Joseph's description of the episode in a letter to the Five Princesses, Payerne, July 16 / Bern, July 17, 1777, Lobkovicové Roudničti Rodinný Archive (archive of the Raudnitzer branch of the Lobkowitz family), Nelahozeves Castle, Czech Republic, p. 16 / 22-23.
59. ↑ Adam Smith drew the conclusion that he was "a man below average" ("un homme au-dessous du médiocre"). Quoted from Barthélemy Faujas de Saint-Fond: Voyage en Angleterre, en Écosse et aux îles Hébrides (...) Volume 2, Paris 1797, p. 279 ( digitized version ). http: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.e-rara.ch%2Fdoi%2F10.3931%2Fe-rara-17174~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D
60. ↑ Austrian State Archives, Department of House, Court and State Archives, anthologies 4, conv. 1777, fol. 13 f .; Alfred Ritter von Arneth (ed.): Maria Theresia and Joseph II., Their correspondence (...) Volume 2, Vienna 1867, p. 155. The former Habsburg Landgraviate of Thurgau had been the common subject of several Swiss cantons since 1460.
61. ^ Gilles Buscot: Pouvoirs et fêtes princières à Friborg-en-Brisgau (1677-1814), Berne 2010, p. 195.
62. ^ Johann Kaspar Lavater: The Kaÿserliche Woche or diary from 20. – 26. Julius 1777. Zurich Central Library , family archive, Lav. Ms. 18, p. 107.
63. ^ Austrian State Archives, Department of House, Court and State Archives, Hofreisen 9, conv. 1., p. 308.
64. ↑ Austrian State Archives, Department House, Court and State Archives, Hofreisen 9, lot 1.
65. ↑ To Foreign Minister Vergennes , January 3, 1778, in Павел Петрович Митрофановъ: Политическая деятельность Иосифа II, ея Пг7г7 , p. quoted after Paul von Mitrofanov: Joseph II., his political and cultural activities, translated by Vera von Demelic, Vienna / Leipzig 1910, 1st part, p. 94.
66. ↑ Rožnov , July 7, 1778, cited above. after Alfred Ritter von Arneth (ed.): Maria Theresia and Joseph II., their correspondence (...) 2nd volume, Vienna 1867, p. 326 / note. 1.
67. ↑ "C'est que c'est une horrible chose que la guerre, la dévastation des champs, des villages, les lamentations des pauvres paysans, enfin la ruine de tant d'innocents, l'inquiétude qu'on a jour et nuit ( …) Parce que c'est le moment critique (…) “Rtyně v Podkrkonoší (Ertina), July 18, 1778, cited. after Alfred Ritter von Arneth (ed.): Maria Theresia and Joseph II., their correspondence (…) 2nd volume, Vienna 1867, p. 351 f.
68. ↑ For the whole section cf. Oskar Criste: Wars under Emperor Josef II. (…) Vienna 1904, pp. 47–134; Derek Beales: Joseph II. Volume 1, Cambridge 1987, pp. 395-419.
69. ↑ "(...) je n'aurai plus si tôt pareille occasion, et quand elles échappent à mon âge il faut renoncer aux armes et se faire hermite." Breteuil to Foreign Minister Vergennes, 22 June 1779, quoted in according to Павел Петрович Митрофановъ: Политическая деятельность Иосифа II, ея сторонники и еу враги и еу Прги (1780–1790) (1780–1790, notes, 3180–1790) . 6th
70. ↑ Derek Beales: Joseph II. Volume 1, Cambridge 1987, pp. 431-438.
71. ↑ Freiherr von Mednyansky (ed.): Emperor Joseph II. Trip to Russia (and) the meeting with Katharinen II. In the year 1780. From an eyewitness. In: Archive for History, Statistics, Literature and Art (Vienna), 16/1825, pp. 453–456, here: p. 454. The eyewitness was the clergyman Franz Kalatay, who belonged to Joseph's entourage and later Bishop of Oradea ( Oradea ) became.
72. ↑ Erich Donnert, Helmut Reinalter (ed.): Journal of Emperor Joseph II's trip to Russia in 1780. Thaur near Innsbruck 1996, pp. 55–57.
73. ↑ So he saw damp, moldy flour in a field bakery. Austrian State Archives, Department of House, Court and State Archives, Hofreisen 11, lot old 11/1, fol. 20 recto (Kiev, May 27, 1780).
74. ↑ Adolf Beer, Joseph Ritter von Fiedler (ed.): Joseph II. And Count Ludwig Cobenzl, your letters, 1st volume, Vienna 1901, p. 28 f. (Kiev, May 27, 1780).
75. ^ Alfred Ritter von Arneth (ed.): Maria Theresia and Joseph II., Their correspondence (...) 3rd volume, Vienna 1868, pp. 246–250 (Mahiljou, June 4, 1780).
76. ^ Alfred Ritter von Arneth (ed.): Maria Theresia and Joseph II., Their correspondence (...) 3rd volume, Vienna 1868, pp. 260–262 (Moscow, June 19, 1780).
77. ↑ "(...) je puis l'assurer qu'il ya dix ans, si j'avais su une princesse qui eût eu le bon esprit de conduite et les agréments corporels et spirituels que j'ai appris à connaître à la Grande-Duchesse à Pétersbourg, que je n'aurais pas balancé à risquer encore une fois le sacrement (…) “Quoted from Alfred Ritter von Arneth (ed.): Maria Theresia and Joseph II., their correspondence (…) 3rd volume, Vienna 1868, pp. 288-290 ( Riga , July 23, 1780); see. Pp. 278-281 (Saint Petersburg, July 12, 1780).
78. ^ Austrian State Archives, Department of House, Court and State Archives, Hofreisen 11, conv. Old 11/1, fol. 20 recto (Tsarskoye Selo, July 3, 1780); Alfred Ritter von Arneth (ed.): Maria Theresia and Joseph II., Their correspondence (…) Volume 3, Vienna 1868, pp. 267–273 (Saint Petersburg, July 4, 1780).
79. ^ Frontispiece by Johann Georg Mayer: The sublime eagle in the mask of the falcon, or Emperor Joseph II. Trip to Russia under the name of a Count von Falkenstein (...) Augsburg (1780).
80. ^ Austrian State Archives, Department of House, Court and State Archives, Hofreisen 11, conv. Old 11/1, fol. 44 verso (Riga, July 25, 1780).
81. ^ Alfred Ritter von Arneth (ed.): Maria Theresia and Joseph II., Their correspondence (…) 3rd volume, Vienna 1868, pp. 291–295 (Kowno, July 27, 1780).
82. ↑ Alfred Ritter von Arneth (ed.): Maria Theresia and Joseph II., Their correspondence (…) 3rd volume, Vienna 1868, pp. 267–273 (Saint Petersburg, July 4, 1780).
83. ↑ Alfred Ritter von Arneth (ed.): Maria Theresia and Joseph II., Their correspondence (…) 3rd volume, Vienna 1868, pp. 256–259 (Smolensk, June 14, 1780).
84. ↑ Alfred Ritter von Arneth (eds.): Maria Theresia and Joseph II., Their correspondence (...) 3rd volume, Vienna 1868, pp. 250–255 (Mahiljou, June 8, 1780), 256–259 (Smolensk, 14 June 1780), 267–273 (Saint Petersburg, July 4, 1780), 284–287 (Saint Petersburg / Narwa , July 18/20, 1780).
85. ↑ "Je ne me fierai jamais à leur honnêteté ni vérité." Quoted from Alfred Ritter von Arneth (ed.): Maria Theresia and Joseph II., Their correspondence (…) 3rd volume, Vienna 1868, pp. 284–287 (Saint Petersburg / Narva, July 18-20, 1780).
86. ↑ Derek Beales: Joseph II. Volume 2, Cambridge 2009, pp. 104-132.
87. ↑ Derek Beales: Joseph II. Volume 2, Cambridge 2009, p. 34.
88. ↑ Cf. Derek Beales: Joseph II. Volume 2, Cambridge 2009, pp. 133–167.
89. ↑ Duchies of Brabant, Limburg and Luxembourg , Austrian Guelders , Counties of Flanders , Hainaut and Namur , Mechlin dominion , Tournai Bailiwick .
90. ↑ Jan Roegiers: Joseph II's journey in the Austrian Netherlands (…) In: Austria at the time of Emperor Joseph II. (…) Catalog of the Lower Austrian State Exhibition in Melk, Vienna 1980, pp. 85–88, here: p. 87.
91. ↑ Derek Beales: Joseph II. Volume 1, Cambridge 1987, p. 364.
92. ↑ Derek Beales: Joseph II. Volume 2, Cambridge 2009, pp. 138 f.
93. ↑ The decisive factor for Terzi's choice could have been that he took part in one of the few offensive actions of the War of the Bavarian Succession.
94. ^ Austrian State Archives, War Archives Department, Mem 1781-28-14, table in the appendix.
95. ↑ To Kaunitz, Luxemburg , June 4, 1781, cited above. According to Adolf Beer (ed.): Joseph II., Leopold II. and Kaunitz, their correspondence, Vienna 1873, p. 61. Correspondingly, the travel diary that Terzi kept on May 28 says: “Today's tear would be particularly pleasant because of the exceptionally beautiful location of the land and good cultivation. ”(Austrian State Archives, War Archives Department, Mem 1781-28-14, p. 8.)
96. ↑ (Alexandre Lemarié :) Le voyageur bienfaisant, ou Anecdotes du voyage de Joseph II dans les Pays-Bas, la Hollande, & c. (...) Paris / Liege 1781, p. 39; Derek Beales: Joseph II, Volume 1, Cambridge 1987, pp. 202 f. Joseph had entrusted the upbringing of his only child Maria Theresa (1762-1770) to Christine-Philippine-Élisabeth von Herzelles, née von Trazegnies (1728–1793) , who was also widowed .
97. ^ Austrian State Archives, War Archives Department, Mem 1781-28-14, p. 17; Eugène Hubert: Le voyage de l'empereur Joseph II dans les Pays-Bas (...) Bruxelles 1900, p. 441.
98. ↑ George III. rejected the offer of Joseph II and Catherine II, between him and Louis XVI. to convey.
99. ^ To Foreign Minister Vergennes , Brussels, June 29, 1781, cited above. after Eugène Hubert: Le voyage de l'empereur Joseph II dans les Pays-Bas (...) Bruxelles 1900, p. 349.
100. ↑ Derek Beales: Joseph II, Volume 2, Cambridge 2009, pp. 144/146.
101. ↑ In Zaandam Joseph visited the Tsaar Peterhuisje . (Austrian State Archives, War Archives Department, Mem 1781-28-14, p. 34.)
102. ↑ To Kaunitz, Utrecht, July 16, cited above. according to Adolf Beer (ed.): Joseph II., Leopold II. and Kaunitz, their correspondence, Vienna 1873, p. 89.
103. ↑ The arsenal of the Admiralty , the East India and West India Company , the large hospital , the foundling house , an orphanage , the penitentiary , the spinning house , the hospital for the elderly, the hospitals of the Lutherans and the Catholics , the house for beggars, a magazine of Lacquerware , a pet shop, a lookout point and a nursery, the Portuguese synagogue , the port and the main canals, the town hall , the reformed Nieuwe Kerk and some small poor and education houses. (Austrian State Archives, War Archives Department, Mem 1781-28-14, p. 35 f.)
104. ^ Austrian State Archives, War Archives Department, Mem 1781-28-14, p. 39; List des Seigneurs et Dames, Venus aux Eaux Minérales de SPA, l'an 1781, June 19, July 10, July 18. Raynal had just reissued the Histoire philosophique et politique des établissements et du commerce des Européens dans les deux Indes , which he had written with Diderot . Grimm was in the service of Catherine II.
105. ^ Austrian State Archives, War Archives Department, Mem 1781-28-14, p. 39; List des Seigneurs et Dames, Venus aux Eaux Minérales de SPA, l'an 1781, June 15; Wilmarth Sheldon Lewis (Ed.): The Yale edition of Horace Walpole's correspondence. 48 volumes, Yale University Press , New Haven 1937-1983, volume 33, p. 288 ( digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fimages.library.yale.edu%2Fhwcorrespondence%2Fpage.asp%3Fvol%3D33%26page%3D288%26srch%3Dlady%2520derby%25201781~GB%3D~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ). Elizabeth Smith-Stanley, Countess of Derby (1753–1797) was one of the most elegant women of her time. The three Irish women were a Miss Hamilton, a Miss Macnamara and Mary Bridget Plunket (1759-1815), daughter of the governor of Antwerp and later Marquise de Chastellux.
106. ^ Austrian State Archives, War Archives Department, Mem 1781-28-14, p. 47.
107. ↑ In 1801 the summer residence of Duke Friedrich Eugen von Württemberg was abandoned .
108. ↑ Adolf Beer: Joseph II., Leopold II. And Kaunitz, their correspondence, Vienna 1873, p. 94 f.
109. ↑ Karl Theodor wanted to become King of Burgundy, and Joseph wanted to secure supremacy for the House of Austria in Germany.
110. ↑ U. a. Joseph introduced religious freedom and abolished numerous monasteries.
111. ^ Alfred Ritter von Arneth, Jules Flammermont (ed.): Correspondance secrète du Comte de Mercy-Argenteau avec l'Empereur Joseph II et le Prince de Kaunitz. 1st volume, Paris 1889, p. 153 f. (Vienna, January 12, 1783).
112. ↑ Derek Beales: Joseph II. Volume 2, Cambridge 2009, pp. 352–355. When Joseph was compared to Luther by the Pope and threatened with excommunication, he had sent the letter back to him without further ado.
113. ↑ Derek Beales: Joseph II. Volume 2, Cambridge 2009, pp. 355-262.
114. ^ "La nature ne me parle point pour ce jeune homme (...)" ( Points de réflexion au sujet de l'Archiduc François, Livorno, February 6, 1784. In Alfred Ritter von Arneth: Joseph II. And Leopold von Toscana, you Correspondence from 1781 to 1790, Volume 1, Vienna 1872, pp. 344–355, quote: p. 354.)
115. ^ Adam Wolf: Fürstin Eleonore Liechtenstein, 1745-1812, based on letters and memoirs of her time. Vienna 1875, p. 189.
116. ^ Adam Wolf: Fürstin Eleonore Liechtenstein, 1745-1812, based on letters and memoirs of her time. Vienna 1875, p. 194.
117. ↑ Joseph stayed there on April 13, 1787.
118. ^ On May 18, 1787 in Kodak.
119. ↑ As staffage were supposed to be the proverbial Potjomkinschen villages .
120. ↑ Louis-Philippe comte de Ségur: Mémoires, souvenirs et anecdotes. Volume 3, Paris 1827, pp. 180, 182.
121. ^ Prince de Ligne: Mémoires. Préface de Chantal Thomas. Mercure de France, 2004, p. 225 f.
122. ^ Prince de Ligne: Mémoires. Préface de Chantal Thomas. Mercure de France, 2004, p. 119 f.
123. ^ Austria at the time of Emperor Joseph II. (…) Lower Austrian State Exhibition, Melk Abbey, Vienna 1980, p. 439.
124. ↑ Derek Beales: Joseph II. Volume 2, Cambridge 2009, pp. 507-512.
125. ^ The corps were in Croatia, Slavonia, Syrmia (main army), the Banat, Transylvania and Bukovina.
126. ↑ In this context, Joseph asked Kaunitz with what right a sovereign, for the sake of insignificant conquests, could abandon his subjects, who paid him for their protection. Adolf Beer (eds.): Joseph II., Leopold II. And Kaunitz, their correspondence, Vienna 1873, pp. 305-310 (Ticvaniu Mic, August 26, 1788), here: p. 307.
127. ^ Derek Beales: Joseph II, Volume 2, Cambridge 2009, p. 587.
128. ↑ Alfred Ritter von Arneth (eds.): Joseph II. And Leopold von Toscana, Your Correspondence from 1781 to 1790, Volume 2, Vienna 1872, pp. 198–200 (Lugoj, September 26, 1788), here: pp. 200; Oskar Criste: Wars under Emperor Josef II. (…) Vienna 1904, pp. 301–306 (endangerment of the emperor not mentioned).
129. ^ Adolf Beer, Joseph Ritter von Fiedler (eds.): Joseph II. And Count Ludwig Cobenzl, Ihr Briefwechsel, Volume 2, Vienna 1901, pp. 307–309 (Vienna, November 28, 1788), here: p. 308 To the whole chapter Oskar Criste: Wars under Emperor Josef II. (…) Vienna 1904, pp. 159–176; Derek Beales: Joseph II, Volume 2, Cambridge 2009, pp. 568-577.
130. ^ Elisabeth Schmuttermeier: The death of Joseph II. In: Austria at the time of Emperor Joseph II. (...) Lower Austrian State Exhibition, Melk Abbey, Vienna 1980, pp. 279–281, quotation: p. 279.
131. ↑ 1789 won Saxe-Coburg with Suworow at Focşani and Mărtineşti; Laudon took Belgrade, Saxe-Coburg Bucharest .
132. ^ Archives of the Raudnitzer branch of the Lobkowitz family .
133. ↑ By Louis-François Mettra.
134. ↑ sufficient to March 1782nd
135. ↑ Joseph in Transylvania 1773.
136. ↑ Contains the French text of the memoirs.
137. ↑ Contains (Joseph II. :) Journal of the Reyse through Moravia, Silesia, Bohemia, and the Inn district, and Upper Austria in 1779.
138. ↑ Translated from French into Italian.
139. ↑ German: Important and historical anecdotes from a very distinguished traveling figure during your stay in Paris. Leipzig 1777 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3Du-xDAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DRA3-PA4%26lpg%3DRA3-PA4%26dq%3DWichtige%2Bund%2Bhistorische%2BAnekdoten%2C%2Bvon%2Beiner2Bhohen%2Bvery 2Travelers% 2BStandesperson% 26source% 3Dbl% 26ots% 3DZxRLQQTpJD% 26sig% 3DntqJnARdj4385gIiYuOyaj86Ytg% 26hl% 3Dde% 26sa% 3DX% 26ved% 3D0ahUKEwiEjsK% 3D0ahUKEwiEjsK% 3D0ahUKEwi% 26EjsK_2bTPAh%% 26EjsK_2bTPAh6% 3DvEjsK_2bTPAh6% 263dcpage% 26fZon ~ 3DfAh6% 3DvEjSK_2bTPAh6% 263dfzon ~ 3DfAh3 ~ 3DfZon ~ 3DvEzon ~ 3Dfseon ~ 3DfAh6% 263dfzon ~ 3DfabH6% 3DvEjsK_2bTPAh6% 263dc page 23 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
140. ↑ German: Journal and strange anecdotes from the journey of Count von Falkenstein. Frankfurt / Leipzig 1777.
141. ^ German: Travel Sr. Kais. Majesty Joseph II under the name of Count von Falkenstein, to Italy, Bohemia and France (...) Leipzig 1778 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fdigital.slub-dresden.de%2Fwerkansicht%2Fdlf%2F58222%2F5%2F~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
142. ↑ Best contemporary monograph .
143. ↑ Journey to France in 1777.
144. ^ History of Hungary at the time of Joseph II.
145. ^ Standard work on the reforms of the emperor.
146. ↑ Modified version of the first two chapters from May (1983).
147. ^ Relevant biography of the emperor.
148. ↑ With documents (pp. 405–425).
149. ^ The report of Emperor Joseph II about his trip to Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia in 1771.
150. ^ Journal of State History.
151. ↑ Emperor Joseph II and Archduke Maximilian on the appearance of the Belgrade Fortress and the possibilities of conquering it, 1768 and 1775.
152. ^ Yugoslav historical journal.
153. ↑ Joseph II on his trip to the Banat in 1768.
154. ↑ Research.
155. ↑ July 15, 1777.
156. ↑ Deals with the trip to France in 1777.
157. ^ Prehistory of the trip to Italy in 1769.
158. ↑ Joseph II's travels in Hungary, Transylvania, Slavonia and the Banat of Timisoara, 1768–1773.
159. ↑ The journey of Emperor Joseph II through the Bohemian Lands to Saxony in 1766.
160. ^ Journal of the Moravian Cultural Association.
161. ↑ Catherine II's travels through Russia.
162. ↑ The journey of Emperor Joseph II through Transylvania in 1773.
163. ↑ The Travels of Catherine II.
164. ↑ Joseph II in the foothills of the Giant Mountains.
165. ^ The imperial politics of Catherine II as reflected in her rulers' journeys.