Kingdom of Slavonia (1699-1918)
| Kraljevina Slavonija (Croatian) Kingdom of Slavonia (German) Regnum Sclavoniae (Latin) |
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| founding | 1699 ( Peace of Karlowitz ) | ||||
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Kingdom of Slavonia referred to the area of Slavonia , which belonged to the Habsburg Monarchy from the end of the 17th century to 1918 , between the lower reaches of the Sava and Drava rivers to the Danube .
history
Having come to the Ottoman Empire during the Turkish Wars in the 16th century , Emperor Leopold I recaptured the area, and since the Peace of Karlowitz in 1699 has called himself King in Sclavonia - the transition to the name Slavonia takes place in the course of the 18th century.
While the south of Slavonia was established as a military border with the Ottoman Empire, the north came largely as a reward into the possession of generals and nobles who had participated in the Turkish wars . In order to stabilize the fertile, but largely depopulated land in the border area to the Ottoman Empire, fortified farmers and settlers from the entire Habsburg monarchy, but also from Danube Swabia and parts of southeastern Europe controlled by the Ottomans were brought into the country. As a result, Slavonia has had a very mixed ethnic makeup for centuries.
Slavonia was part of Hungary, partes adnexae in contemporary Hungarian, regna socia in Croatian. From 1767 to 1777 Croatia, Slavonia and Dalmatia were called Illyria and ruled by an Illyrian court deputation in Vienna.
After the restoration of the counties organized as estates in a large part of this area in the middle of the 18th century, they held an intermediate position between Croatia and the Kingdom of Hungary in the narrower sense until 1848 , as they were directly represented in both the Croatian and Hungarian parliament .
In 1848/49 the three Slavonian counties were fully integrated into Croatia-Slavonia . Croatia-Slavonia as a whole was a crown land of the centrally ruled Austrian monarchy from 1849 to 1860. After the end of absolutism and the reconstitution of the Croatian-Slavonian as well as the Hungarian state parliaments, the Austro-Hungarian and in 1868 the Hungarian-Croatian settlement came about , making Croatia-Slavonia an autonomous country of the Hungarian half of the empire (Transleithanien) .
The areas of the military border along the Save were not fully integrated into civil Croatia-Slavonia until 1881.
literature
Historical monograph
- Friedrich Wilhelm von Taube : Historical and geographical description of the Kingdom of Slavonia and the Duchy of Syrmia , Volume 1. 1777.
- Friedrich Wilhelm von Taube: Historical and geographical description of the Kingdom of Slavonia and the Duchy of Syrmia , Volume 2 1777.
- Friedrich Wilhelm von Taube: Historical and geographical description of the Kingdom of Slavonia and the Duchy of Syrmia , Volume 3 1778.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Wolfgang Kessler: Politics, culture and society in Croatia and Slavonia in the first half of the 19th century: Historiography and foundations . Munich: Oldenbourg, 1981. (Southeast European works; 77)