etiquette

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The label (of French étiquette ) even etiquette called, is a behavior rules, which in contemporary traditional standards appoints and the expectations for the social behavior within certain social circles describes.

The word is often used in conjunction with the terms: ceremonial , diplomatic protocol and manners . Equating it with manners is problematic. Basically, etiquette only describes the manners that are only presented for the sake of official formality.

Word origin

The word etiquette originally comes from attached slips of paper (French: etiquette ): At the French royal court, note-taking slips were used on which the ranking of the persons admitted to the court was noted, so the expression 'etiquette' is transferred to it, according to the rules at court " decent ”to be . Such methods were widespread in the 18th and 19th century and can be found in the custom of the compulsory written invitation same again as in the ball booklet (Ball book) in which you look at the ball logs in to the lady to dance.

Authors of etiquette books

The most successful etiquette author of the post-war period was Erica Pappritz (1893–1972). The diplomat had drawn up the official protocol under Federal Chancellor Konrad Adenauer in the Bonn Foreign Office . Adenauer had made Hans Herwarth von Bittenfeld, who was experienced in the diplomatic service of the Foreign Office in Berlin, chief of protocol, and his colleague Erica Pappritz, deputy chief of protocol and his personal advisor. The principles it laid down remained elements of diplomatic training. While she was still in office as the official protocol lady of the Federal Republic, she wrote the "Book of Etiquette", the first edition of which became a bestseller.

Sub-areas and variants

In the course of time, certain rules of conduct have emerged for the golf course, which are often preferred and are referred to as golf etiquette . With the advent of the internet, netiquette came into being . The term is derived from the expression etiquette and describes a model in which the rules of propriety of classic communication (direct contact and written correspondence) are applied to the new medium of the Internet.

Special rules were also created for the professional and business areas, for example for job interviews . Anyone who wants to conduct international business talks must find out about the customs in the host country in good time. Examples: In Southeastern Europe , the Orient or even in the People's Republic of China and Japan , it is considered rude to bring a conversation to the heart of the matter too quickly. In large parts of Africa , a real palaver has to go ahead - the more important the matter and the higher the level of those involved, the longer. A shopkeeper in a bazaar is disappointed when a potential customer who can't find what they are looking for turns too quickly to leave.

Individual rules of etiquette

“Good manners” (related terms are, for example, good behavior, good behavior, good manners, good tone, decency , politeness , fairness , respect , behavior, polish and etiquette ) are all the behaviors and rules that should serve to make human coexistence as smooth and pleasant as possible. Depending on origin, culture , social milieu or social environment, the manners that are considered customary and / or required can differ greatly from one another.

Greetings and farewells

One of the globally valid manners is greeting when you come and go. While short greetings are usually preferred in Central Europe, greetings and goodbyes are more physical in the South , East and the Orient . For example, when a German reaches out to someone and he doesn't let go of it for too long, they usually find it too intrusive. In Italy and even more so in the Middle East , a handshake that is too short can be interpreted as a forced, only cool greeting. The right hand is always shaken. Incidentally, at least in Central Europe, you usually get up when someone shakes your hand.

Even between the south and north in the German- speaking area , words of welcome and farewell such as “Grüezi”, “Moin”, “Ciao”, “ Tschüs ” or “Baba” can cause astonishment. Anyone who answers a Bavarian “ Grüß Gott ” with a laconic “Tach” could commit a faux pas because they lack the necessary tact . Even those who affably replied “ Servus !” Will often trigger reluctance. Badly horny answers like "Gladly when I see him" can be seen as insulting (or an old joke ).

Clothing and appearance

Pins as a sign of belonging to a group ( Chrysanthemum Ball in Munich 1996).

The clothes in question customs have greatly eased in the last two hundred years in the Western world. Prescribed or compulsory dress codes no longer exist in most areas of life (exceptions: compulsion to wear swimwear in swimming pools or compulsion to be naked on nudist beaches, dress codes in some golf clubs or discos). Nevertheless, there are social expectations with regard to an appropriate external appearance, without any explicit regulation. Fulfilling these role expectations is seen as part of good manners, and in the case of sexually revealing clothing, it may also be a question of decency. This applies to role expectations in professional life , at social events and in everyday life, in which a certain external appearance is expected. This includes business clothing for bank employees and hygienically perfect clothing for doctors and nursing staff, as well as the expectation, for example, not to stroll on the street in swimwear. These rules are mostly considered unwritten laws and differ regionally and culturally and are sometimes subject to relatively short-term changes (e.g. white tennis socks were “in” for a while in the 1980s before they were “out” or downright frowned upon).

See also

literature

Web links

Wiktionary: Etiquette  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations
Wikibooks: manners  - learning and teaching materials
Wikibooks: Exchange student etiquette for the USA  - learning and teaching materials

References and comments

  1. ↑ Etiquette. In: Oxford English Dictionary .
  2. ↑ Etiquette. In: A. Zwahr: Meyer's Large Pocket Dictionary . Mannheim 2004 and etiquette. In: Duden: The foreign dictionary . Mannheim 2007.
  3. ^ Karlheinz Graudenz, Erica Pappritz : New label. 12., completely reworked. Edition. Südwest-Verlag, Munich 1971, ISBN 3-517-00026-4
  4. ↑ Erica Pappritz, Karlheinz Graudenz: New label - The etiquette from the economic boom. actual Edition. Handicraft publishing house, Düsseldorf 2008 / Pappritz-Archiv, Bonn 2008, ISBN 978-3-87864-919-9 .