Sabac

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Шабац
Šabac
Šabac coat of arms
Šabac (Serbia)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Serbia
Okrug : Mačva
Coordinates : 44 ° 45 '  N , 19 ° 42'  E Coordinates: 44 ° 45 '20 "  N , 19 ° 41' 48"  E
Height : 130  m. i. J.
Area : 795  km²
Residents : 52,822 (2011)
Agglomeration : 122,893 (2011)
Population density : 66 inhabitants per km²
Telephone code : (+381) 015
Postal code : 15000
License plate : ŠA
Structure and administration (as of 2016)
Community type: city
Mayor : Nebojsa Zelenovic
Website :

Šabac ( Serbian Šabac / Шабац ; German (outdated): Schabatz , Sabatsch ) is a city in Serbia on the Sava River in the Mačva administrative district , it is the main administrative seat of the district. According to the 2011 census, the population is 52,822. The etymology of the new and the old name is unclear. It may be derived from the river name Save.

history

The city was first mentioned in a document called Zaslon in 1454 . It was part of the Nemanjid Empire until it fell to the Ottomans in the 15th century . In 1470 the Ottomans built the first fortress in the city with the name Bejerdelen (translated: 'that strikes from the side'). Over the decades, the city, a strategically important trading hub, came into Austrian and Ottoman possession several times . The fortress was captured by the Imperial and Royal Army on April 24, 1788 during the Russian-Austrian Turkish War .

The city played a very important role during the first Serbian uprising . In 1806 Karađorđe led the Serbian resistance army near Šabac near the village of Mišar to one of the first victories against the Ottoman army . The Obrenović family also left their mark on the urbanization and modernization of this region and the town of Šabac itself, after the second Serbian uprising and during the time of Jevrem Obrenović , brother of Miloš Obrenović . In the period from 1820 to 1840, the first hospitals, pharmacies, schools, theaters and operas were founded, which today are among the oldest in Serbia.

The city was completely liberated from Ottoman rule in 1867 with the withdrawal of the last Turkish soldiers . A newspaper was printed in Šabac as early as 1883. Šabac was also the first city where women were allowed to visit coffee houses on Sundays . Up until now this was only available to men.

During the First World War , the city was taken by the Central Powers , with war crimes against the population. On August 17, 1914, there was a massacre among the residents. 120 residents, mostly women, children and old men, who had previously been locked in the church, were stabbed to death or shot and buried in the church garden by Austro-Hungarian troops on the orders of Lieutenant Field Marshal Kasimir von Lütgendorf .

The chemical factory "Zorka" was built in 1938 in Šabac; it contributed to the industrial development of the city. In April 1941, during the Balkan campaign , Šabac was almost completely destroyed by Wehrmacht troops; their population fell from 14,000 to 7,000. The occupiers built the concentration camp Šabac ; there, 5,000 residents of the city and 20,000 people from other places were arrested and interrogated as partisan suspects. By October 20, 1941, 1,000 of the inmates had been executed. Over 7,000 people died in the concentration camp. In 1944, Šabac was retaken by Yugoslav partisans .

After the Second World War , "Zorka" was rebuilt and Šabac became one of the most modern industrial cities in Yugoslavia. In the 1970s, the birth rate increased sharply after many residential buildings, schools, sports fields, halls and kindergartens had previously been built and opened. The entire Benska Bara bog was turned into an area for immigrants. In addition, a new bridge over the Sava better connects the city with the periphery.

Personalities

sons and daughters of the town

Personalities who have worked on site

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ 2011 census ( memento of the original from January 30, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / static.politika.co.rs
  2. ^ Anton Holzer : The executioner's smile. einestages.spiegel.de, October 6, 2008
  3. ↑ 1914 Serbia 1st offensive staatsarchiv.at
  4. ^ Max Hastings : Catastrophe 1914. Europe Goes to War. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group, 2013, ISBN 978-0-385-35122-5 , p. 226.
    Herbert Lackner : “Literally chopped up.” In: Profile 44 of October 27, 2014.
    Anton Holzer: By all means. In: Die Presse from September 19, 2008.
  5. ^ Walter Manoschek : "Serbia is free of Jews". Military occupation policy and the extermination of Jews in Serbia 1941/42 . Munich 1993, ISBN 3-486-55974-5 , p. 77. / Further figures cannot be clearly assigned there.

Web links

Commons : Šabac  - collection of images, videos and audio files