Gasthaus Adler (Lauchringen)
.jpg)
The Gasthaus Adler in Oberlauchringen in the district of Waldshut in Baden-Württemberg is named in the Habsburg Urbar from 1303 to 1308 and is one of the oldest documented restaurants in Germany. The inn still runs the double-headed eagle, which comes from the Austrian Empire and can be traced back to its function as a post office for the Imperial Post . According to tradition, the Gasthaus Adler was run continuously and has been run by the married couple Peter and Maria Hartmann since 1988. The restaurant has been family-owned since 1910.
Location and structure
The Adler Lauchringen is located near the border with Switzerland , which is formed by the Upper Rhine , not far from the junction of the federal roads 34 and 314 at a river crossing of the Wutach , which was decisive for its history. The ruins of the Küssaburg are in the immediate vicinity .
The building in its current form has existed since 1578, when it was converted into a post office for the Imperial Post Office planned by Rudolf II on the proposal of the Augsburg merchants . By then, the Adler will have been the station of the Habsburg post line for the Vienna - Innsbruck - Freiburg route. The Imperial Post Office took over all courses from 1597 under the direction of the Thurn and Taxis family .
“The stately inn, which is under monument protection , with the carefully crafted Gothic window front and the soaring stepped gables, which dates back to the 16th century, to which […] a coat of arms with a resting lion and the year 1578 indicate, was built [1742] by JB Württenberger Improvements. "
Current expansion of the company
In 2016 the Hartmann family acquired a building, the economic part of which is now being replaced by an annex adjacent to the inn. The former house is being renovated and converted, with a new kitchen and reception. With a financial outlay of around 1.5 million euros (including a state grant of 200,000 euros), eleven new guest rooms will be added to the four previous ones. Peter Hartmann: "'Gastronomy in our [previous] size (has) no future prospects [...] New rooms are high investments, but the return is better." [...] The existing restaurant remains as it is. It is only connected to the new part with passages. […] A new beer garden is being built. ”Two to three new jobs are to be created.
Historical events
Traditionally, the Alemanni , who settled in the country from the middle of the 5th century after the Romans withdrew, “came together for deliberative assemblies at certain places on the ' thing ', and the free imperial district court also met at these traditional thing places , [...] to the court days were relocated from around the middle of the 15th century to the council houses or certain taverns such as the Adler in Oberlauchringen [...], especially when the weather was bad. "
A court of arbitration has been
handed down to us in 1602 “of representatives of Emperor Rudolf II , Count von Sulz and the peasants who had revolted against the latter because of his mismanagement” (Lauchringer Chronik, p. 335). In fact, the count had to hand over the rule to his brother Karl Ludwig and the regulation, the “farewell”, was made on January 27, 1603 “in the post office in Oberlauchringen”. (Chronicle, p. 39).
Owned by the Würtenberger family in
1622, the property is described in more detail, with gardens, fields and meadows nearby, as well as in the Bechtersbohl (vineyard) and Schwerzen districts . The extensive property and the control over the tariffs required a management by tenants and in 1686 - after the recovery of the land from the devastation of the Thirty Years War -
"... began the most glamorous period of its history for the traditional inn owned by the Carl Würtenberger family." (Lauchringer Chronik, 329).
Imperial visit
"The outstanding event under the time of Johann Baptist Würtenberger was the residence of Emperor Joseph II. (1765-1790), who on August 9, 1781 of the trip from Paris to Vienna stayed at, Post House ', although postmaster by Kilian in Waldshut yourself had tried very hard to get this favor. "
The older tradition of the rural bases of the imperial organization also had an effect here, because the messenger riders were out and about day and night and the cities closed their gates at night. According to the text on the portrait of the emperor, the postman Johann Baptist Würtenberger was “just as valued at the Imperial Court of Vienna as it was in Klettgau.” This, too, probably persuaded the emperor, who also didn't care about himself, to stay at the Adler.
history
As a station and hostel, the inn has an older history that goes back to the early days, because the location between a transition over the Wutach and the formerly river-like brook from the Klettgau region also brought two ancient trade routes together, both of which were based on archaeological findings from the Roman times can be assumed.
Thoughts on local history research
Since the Wutach often had a 'raging' flood until it was regulated in 1816 (name meaning: the “angry Ach”), traders with their transport wagons, travelers and riders at the ford were often forced to wait. Detection riders also required horse changes and replacement. The place could not be avoided either, because the area between today's two Lauchringen locations was largely swampy. It was not until 1770 that a “fixed carriage bridge” could be built.
The south-north connection was part of the Roman military road from the Alpine foothills ( Vindonissa ), the Rhine crossing at Bad Zurzach / Switzerland ( Tenedo ) to Rottweil ( Arae Flaviae ). The east-west connection only gained importance in the later Middle Ages and became the main connection (Bodensee-Schaffhausen-Basel) after the Wutach regulation in 1816.
Habsburg land register
The first written record of the Habsburg Urbar , a property directory ( "rights and income '), which from 1303 to 1308 by an order of the Habsburg King Albrecht I had been created. Here a “dafern” is recorded for Oberlauchringen, a facility with the “ Tafernrecht ”, which was in the hands of a manor. The region was under the rule of the Barons von Krenkingen , but the house was “owned by the Habsburgs and one of the oldest inns in the country.” It can be assumed that the place was part of the stations (“ property ”) of imperial rule centuries before . Under the Franks, the Carolingian kings and emperors, Roman buildings were integrated into their own "transport network" as early as the Middle Ages. An important function was the horse change for riders.
Only two decades before the creation of the Habsburg land register, the notorious " emperorless period " of the arbitrary rule of local knights and the nobility, from which farmers and monasteries suffered, ended due to the energetic action of Count Rudolf , who also destroyed numerous castles in Klettgau and the southern Black Forest and in 1273 was elected German king or prevailed as king. Since Habsburg was able to develop rapidly as a 'great power' afterwards, the legal organization of the empire also became a necessity. It is a 'small miracle' that this document has been preserved:
The importance of the Habsburg land register for the area is also shown by the fact that a Velcro graph had it copied 170 years later: The brother of Alwig X. von Sulz , Count Rudolf IV., Commissioned a copy. When Stein Castle near Baden was destroyed in 1417, the land register, along with the entire Austrian archive, was brought to Lucerne by the Confederates. The copy was first made in the years 1479 to 1480 by Diebold Schilling the Elder. J. and then made by the clerk of the Innsbruck Raitkammer.
Customs station
The next mention of the 'tavern' comes from the 15th century and it also characterizes a decentralization: in 1441 the Count family Sulz sold “the Täfren zu Obern Loucheringen” to Hans Schach the Elder, citizen of Laufenburg , for barely 125 gold florins .
As a result of the economic development, the cities were present as a power factor and at exposed points on the national borders such as river bridges, customs revenues were to be achieved. The Adler was a customs post between the Landgraviate of Stühlingen and the Landgraviate of Klettgau .
Under the Count of Sulz
In Europe, the territorially growing nation-states from the 15th century onwards, the establishment of a reliable communications and transport system became more and more important - for politics and the military and increasingly for the large trading houses such as the Fugger in Augsburg. In this context, the eagle will have been developed as a post office.
The client in 1578 cannot be determined with certainty, because after the death of Landgrave Alwig von Sulz (1572) his sons were still minors, so that a guardianship government with Count Heinrich von Fürstenberg-Heiligenberg and Count von Helfenstein took over the government of the Landgraviate Took over until 1583. The immediate rulers were therefore unable to act as builders. However, they remained the owners of the Adler and, despite an inheritance being granted in 1551, were managed as owners until the final sale to the Würtenberger family on December 23, 1686. Carl Würtenberger only had to continue to buy wine from the counts and pay a flat rate on the customs revenue. The Würtenbergers ran the Adler as a post office, conference center, customs collection station, grain trade and economy, as well as extensive cultivation areas until 1855. The seller, Count Johann Ludwig II von Sulz , died in 1687 and was the last of his line.
Conversion to a post office
There is much to suggest that the building was rebuilt or rebuilt in 1578 during the preparatory period for the Imperial Post Office - into a transport network that was not founded until 1595, but was set up in advance to replace the so-called messenger services of the cities. This was already entrusted to the Italian noble family of Taxis, who were raised to the Count of Thurn and Taxis from 1650 and also had a lion in their coat of arms. However, the double-headed eagle became the symbol of post.
The double-headed eagle goes back to Emperor Sigismund and the year 1433 - in a transitional phase the single eagle symbolized the Roman-German king, the double-headed the emperor. Maximilian had the double-headed eagle in his coat of arms, which eventually also became the symbol of the Reichspost.
The Imperial Post Office was the first imperial-wide postal company in the Holy Roman Empire . It was founded by a mail shelf from Rudolf II and it was officially under the protection of the emperor. In times of war, the post stations received a Salvaguardia [letter of protection with privileges and freedoms], which was supposed to protect them from attacks. The operators of the Imperial Post Office were members of the Taxis family, who changed their name to Thurn und Taxis from 1650 with imperial approval and provided postmaster general without interruption until 1811. After the Grand Duchy of Baden was founded in 1806, the Imperial Post Office was soon continued by the Badische Post.
“From the further history of the Oberlauchringer Post it can be reported that […] the horse posts (were) stopped after the construction of the railway (1861), but in Klettgau the country carriages continued to run, like one in a picture in the eagle Müller Etspüler von Küßnach's bride can still be seen. In 1872 the Badische Post was taken over by the Deutsche Reichspost . "
Towards the end of the 19th century, the post office, which had been converted into a post office, was moved to a neighboring property. This ended the 'multiple function' of the building complex.
Most recently referred to as "economy", the tenant family Frey renewed the business as an inn with a concession on August 30, 1910. Since then, the business has been family-owned, since 1988 by Peter and Maria Hartmann.
Remarks
- ^ After the first beginnings of a centrally organized imperial post under Emperor Maximilian I (HRR) in 1490, after the division of the empire in 1564, Archduke Ferdinand II as ruler of the Austrian foreland ( Upper Austria ) had a strictly organized reporting system under the direction of the northern Italian noble family Taxis Lines expanded.
- ↑ Text excerpt in the original: "there [in Oberlauchringen] is also a dafern, which may well be valid for a year, the others help 15 schilling denarii." (B. Matt-Willmatt / KF Hoggenmüller: 323.) The combination of schilling and denarius could refer to a northern Italian currency system .
- ↑ The noble family dei Tasso can be traced back to Lombardy in the 12th century and has been building a courier service for the Republic of Venice since the 14th century , and for the popes since the 15th century. The brothers Janetto and Francesco dei Tasso founded a Europe-wide postal system in 1490 on behalf of the Roman-German King and later Emperor Maximilian I. The Torriani (della Torre, da Torre, German: von Thurn) were a patrician family from Milan.
Web link
Individual evidence
- ↑ Michael Neubert: Gasthaus 'Adler' is repositioning itself , Albbote, June 12, 2020.
- ^ Brigitte Matt-Willmatt / Karl-Friedrich Hoggenmüller: Lauchringen. Chronicle of a community. Ed .: Municipality of Lauchringen, Verlag K. Zimmermann, Konstanz 1986, p. 116 f.
- ↑ Matt Welcome Matt / Hoggenmüller: leek Ringer Chronicle , S. 536th
- ^ Franz Pfeiffer: Das Habsburgisch-Österreichische Urbarbuch, Stuttgart 1850, foreword p. XII.
- ↑ Matt Welcome Matt / Hoggenmüller: Chronicle of Lauchringen , S. 323rd
- ↑ JB Kolb: Historical-statistical-toporaphic lexicon of the Grand Duchy of Baden, Zweyter Volume, Karlsruhe 1814, p. 161.
- ↑ Matt Welcome Matt / Hoggenmüller: Chronicle of Lauchringen , S. 328 f. and 334.
Coordinates: 47 ° 37 ′ 18.2 " N , 8 ° 19 ′ 34.4" E