Habsburg land register
The Habsburg Urbar (also Habsburg Urbar ) is a German-language directory ( Urbar ) of all legal titles that the Habsburgs claimed for themselves at the beginning of the 14th century in their foothills ( Upper Austria , Alsace and Switzerland ).
Emergence
The land register was created on the orders of King Albrecht I in the years 1303 to 1307 by means of information taken under oath from proprietors and administrators on site in the individual offices and initially in the form of Rödel (Latin rotulus ): often meter-long, sewn into rolls and densely written strips of parchment.
This administrative access was preceded by an interregnum which, after the deposition of Emperor Friedrich II. In 1245 in the Holy Roman Empire, triggered a period of dissolution of central power, which led to numerous regional to local conflicts ( robber barons ). The power struggle among bishops, princes, nobles and townspeople did not lead to the election of Rudolf von Habsburg as king until 1273 , who was believed to end the chaos and violence. Rudolf lived up to this claim and was able to expand his base, especially in the southwest of the crumbling empire. The decisive factor was the beginning of the recovery of the lost imperial property as a lordly power base. This struggle continued even after his death in 1291 and since there had been no reliable lists of the goods, the Habsburg king's successor Albrecht I set up a register of property, buildings, rights and income (Urbar) to reorganize ownership in the empire. by.
As a result, the Urbar, which was also a style-defining feature for many monasteries in south-west Germany, with its preliminary stages, has a multi-layered tradition. So it was not until around 1330 that the final transfer and fair copy of the individual offices and concepts were made into a codex that was bound by individual layers . Parts of the codex and its copies were in turn removed from the original corpus in the following period and have been handed down separately or have been partially lost. The unusual accuracy in the inventory of the possessions and the listing of the respective interest payments make the Habsburg Urbar and its preliminary stages an important domanial legal source of medieval rule structures and the social and economic history of the territories concerned.
Lore
The brother of Alwig X. von Sulz , Count Rudolf IV., Succeeded in having the Habsburg land registry copied, which had previously been tried in vain. When Stein Castle near Baden was destroyed in 1417, the land register, along with the entire Austrian archive, was brought to Lucerne by the Confederates. The copy was first made in the years 1479 to 1480 by Diebold Schilling the Elder. J. and then made by the clerk of the Innsbruck Raitkammer. This copy was once in the Nellenburg Archives in Stockach . The Lucerne people had divided the land register into several parts and sent the relevant parts to the respective main locations; some original parts have been lost.
literature
- Marianne Bärtschi: The Habsburg Urbar, from the Urbar-Rodel to the Codex of Traditions (dissertation Diss. Univ. Zurich, 2006). Zurich 2008.
- Felix Heinzer: Habsburger Urbar, in: ders. (Ed.): “Unberechbare Zinsen”, catalog for the exhibition of the manuscripts acquired by the state of Baden-Württemberg in the Fürstlich Fürstenbergische Hofbibliothek, Stuttgart / Karlsruhe, 1993, here: p. 132.
- Rudolf Maag / Paul Schweizer / Walter Glättli (eds.): The Habsburg Urbar. 2 volumes, Basel 1894–1904. online vol. 2 at archive.org
Web links
- Digitized version of the Habsburg land register: Badische Landesbibliothek Karlsruhe, Donaueschingen 691
- Franziska Hälg-Steffen: Habsburg land register. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
- The Habsburg land register in the manuscript census
- Page of the Baden-Württemberg State Archives about an early toboggan from the tradition complex of the Habsburg land register.
- Full text: The Habsburg-Austrian land register by Franz Pfeiffer , Stuttgart 1850.
Individual evidence
- ↑ cf. P. Schweizer / W. Glättli (ed.): The Habsburg land register. 2 volumes, Basel 1894–1904.
- ↑ on genealogy and tradition of the codex see: Felix Heinzer: Habsburger Urbar, in: ders. (Ed.): "Unberechbare Zinsen", catalog for the exhibition of the manuscripts acquired by the state of Baden-Württemberg in the Fürstlich Fürstenbergische Hofbibliothek, Stuttgart / Karlsruhe, 1993, here: p. 132.
- ^ Franz Pfeiffer: Das Habsburgisch-Österreichische Urbarbuch, Stuttgart 1850, foreword p. XII.