Landgraviate of Nellenburg

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View of the Nellenburg from Tibianus' map of Lake Constance, 1578, detail
Map of the county of Nellenburg (including areas), 1792/1793. Map section about 130 × 90 km.

The Landgraviate of Nellenburg , later Oberamt Nellenburg, was an administrative division of Upper Austria . Formed in the 14th century from the counties of Hegau and Nellenburg, from 1465 it belonged to Habsburg / Austria . In 1805, with around 25,000 inhabitants, it came to Württemberg and in 1810 to Baden , which finally became part of the state of Baden-Württemberg in 1951/1952 .

The county stretched from Lake Constance to the Swabian Alb , but its area was strongly divided by several enclaves and the Hohenzollern areas in between .

history

After the extinction of the Staufer with the death of Conradin of Swabia in 1268, the counts of the third were house of Nellenburg of King Rudolf von Habsburg (1273-1291) with the Office of Landgrave invested . It is disputed whether the old Hegau County was converted into a Landgraviate in 1275 with the mention of Mangold von Nellenburg as Landgrave in Hegau, or whether this only took place in 1401, when Count Eberhard von Nellenburg von King Ruprecht with the Landgraviate in Hegau and Madach was enfeoffed.

This "neo-law Landgraviate", which was finally named Landgraviate Nellenburg, was formed from the old county in Hegau with high jurisdiction and the county of Nellenburg and expressly included the Madach area as a separate legal district.

The four cities of Engen , Tengen , Radolfzell and Stockach , 6 market towns , 83 parish villages , 69 villages without a priest, 14 hamlets , 135 individual houses, 25 existing and 31 ruined castles, 6 monasteries and 3 nunneries belonged to the Landgraviate of Nellenburg Post stations and 97 mills.

One of the count's sovereignty was the high judiciary, which had met in Stockach since the 14th century. The entire Nellenburg authorities were also located in the Stockacher Oberamt. A total of 80 people were employed there.

The former Stockach town hall in Hauptstrasse was the governor's building for the Landgraviate of Nellenburg from around 1600 until the end of the Old Kingdom in 1805 .

After the administrative division in 1790, the Landgraviate of Nellenburg became the Oberamt Nellenburg , the area extended from the northwest of Lake Constance ( Stockach , Radolfzell ) and the Hegau ( Aach ) to the Danube ( Mengen , Gutenstein rule ), Saulgau , areas in the vicinity of Riedlingen .

In addition to the high jurisdiction, there was the lower jurisdiction , which was mainly in the hands of the numerous knights . This vigorously opposed the expansion efforts of the landgraviate. The result was a permanent dispute with the House of Austria. This is how the Hegau Treaties in 1487 and 1583 were drawn up, in which the powers of the regional court and the lower court lords were established.

County coat of arms

Coat of arms with helmet
Coat of arms Nellenburg.svg
 Blazon : “In gold, three blue four-pronged stag sticks lying one above the other. Eight-tailed blue deer antlerson the uncrowned helmet . Blue-gold helmet covers "
Reasons for the coat of arms: In field 50 of the large coat of arms of the German emperors as kings of Prussia , the coat of arms of the county of Veringen should actually be. There are red deer horns from the county of Veringen on gold in the field. However, due to official errors, the coat of arms of the Counts of Nellenburg got into this field.

The three sexes had the difference in coat of arms: Württemberg black, Veringen red stag bars and Nellenburg in the golden field three blue ones.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Fredy Meyer: Adel und Herrschaft am Bodensee, 1986.
  2. ↑ The County of Nellenburg on www.stockach.de; Retrieved May 5, 2017
  3. ^ Geography and heraldry of the Brandenburg-Prussian monarchy, Maximilian Gritzner, Berlin, 1894.

See also