Rheinheim (Küssaberg)
.JPG)
Rheinheim is a district of the Baden-Württemberg community Küssaberg in Klettgau in the district of Waldshut . The town hall and the administrative center of the municipality are located in the village.
Rheinheim place
Rheinheim on the northern bank of the Upper Rhine lies in a semicircular plain, which is formed by the arched receding of the ridge of a chain of hills near the bank. This lowland begins east at Reckingen and ends west at Ettikon . The area is now occupied by the municipality of Küssaberg and historically offered sufficient space to create and settle a river crossing to the south into what is now northern Switzerland. On the opposite side, Bad Zurzach is located in a similarly formed Rhine bank .
The geographical conditions were so favorable that after a preparatory river crossing, the Romans built a permanent bridge here as early as the 1st century AD and an army road led from the foothills of the Alps to Germania.
Location and importance
Other places in the municipality of Küssaberg are, besides Reckingen, Dangstetten , Küßnach and Bechtersbohl as well as Kadelburg , which was a commercial center in earlier times and is still today. This is also where the Küssabergs industrial park and the large Hago company are connected . The Tröndle gravel works belongs to Rheinheim / Dangstetten. Rheinheim was the administrative center of the Rheinau monastery for over 900 years and is now the seat of the Küssaberg municipal administration with a school center (elementary school and community school, this together with Hohentengen ). There is also the “Regenbogen” kindergarten in Rheinheim.
The old town center directly on the Rhine bridge Zurzach-Rheinheim that probably in the 6th century as a base of the Frankish Empire was built on the ruins of previous Roman bridge head was back in the 16th century newly expanded Service. Crossed by the heavily trafficked state road 162 as a junction from the L 161 at the Rheinheimer Kreisel into Switzerland , there are quietly located sports and leisure facilities to the west along the river bank.
village life
At the community center, the headquarters of the Küssaberg volunteer fire brigade was set up together with the DRK local association and the DLRG local group in Reckingen.
There is a grocery store in the center and a discounter outside. In addition to a typical local pub, a café and a bistro on the Rheinheimer Kreisel and two Asian restaurants, there is the traditional inn “Der Engel” with a beer garden. Opposite, in the former tithe barn, is the community library.
All kinds of civic activities and events throughout the community take place in the “Im Bädle” leisure facility. In the meantime there are also initiative groups that act in matters of climate change and resource conservation, but which, like a number of associations with headquarters and facilities in Rheinheim, refer to the Küssaberg area . Including the sports club SV Rheintal with soccer fields nearby.
Originally Rheinheimer clubs are the music and gymnastics club as well as the jester club "Rebesäck" founded in 1971 and revived in 2019.
Parish
The St. Christophorus pastoral care unit includes Küssaberg and Hohentengen. The saint's feast day is July 24th. The Küssaberg parish office is located in Rheinheim. Also in the village is the community center "Brücke" in the old Rheinau office building.
- church
- The parish church in Rheinheim has been dedicated to St. Consecrated to Michael (29.9.): “'Even the name of the patron', says Kraus, (Kunstdenkmäler Baden), should indicate that a Roman cult site (of Mercury ) was located here. ' [...] Your high altar can be seen as a model of good baroque. ' The pulpit is a work of art. It comes from the Rheinau monastery church . It has rich figurines and shows the Rheinau coat of arms held by floating angels. The church bells are also very old; it dates from 1476. "
A Protestant church is located in Kadelburg as the center of the Evangelical Community of Küssabergs.
Old story
The story of Rheinheim begins with the first access by the Romans shortly before the turn of the millennium 15 BC. BC to what is now southern Germany with a river crossing between Zurzach and today's core town. The Roman historian Strabo only records that the heads of two armies united at the "Danube springs" after the occupation of the Alpine region by means of a pincer operation . Archaeologically proven is the occupancy of a large military camp in the district of Dangstetten, the Roman camp Dangstetten . (Excavation from 1967). An offensive continuation of the company to Germania was initially delayed by the Roman defeat in the battle in the Teutoburg Forest , but the decisive factor was the expansion of the old (Celtic?) Trade route over the pass from Bechtersbohl to the Wutach line and soon after (around 40 AD. ) into the Baar to the Danube ( Hüfingen Fort ).
In the 400 years until the Romans withdrew during the migration under the pressure of the Alamanni , various bridges were built between Zurzach and Rheinheim with corresponding 'logistical' facilities, which have been known mainly through archaeological findings and local research since the 19th century.
Early history
Won "Neuwiesen: On the lower terrace north of the village there is a heavily flattened burial mound at the end of a shallow, flat-bottomed channel about 70 m inward of the terrace edge. It is heaped up from gravelly material, heavily paved and therefore probably warped in the NS direction. His Dm. is 22.5 x 18 m, in height it measures about 0.40 m. The middle of the hill was evidently rounded, as a clear saddle suggests. Details are not known about it. [The gain could not be determined at the moment] Lit .: Bad. Fundber. 17, 1941-1947, 361. "
Römer (bridge building)
.jpg)
“Between Rheinheim and Zurzach there was once the most important Rhine crossing on the Roman Imperial Road. There are two Roman castles on the Swiss side. Rheinheim stands on the bridgehead. The crossing over the river was once used here by 3 bridges, which today [1926] are clearly proven. The eastern one was roughly in the middle between Rheinheim and Reckingen near Mühlacker. The second began at the Mandach castle on Switzerland's side and led to the east of the Rheinheim rectory on this side. It is even said to have been a double bridge; one made of wood and one made of stone. The third was about 100 m further downstream. "
"Johann Acklin, 1655–1690 mayor, describes three bridges over the Rhine, which stood in front of the old one, called the unity up against Reckhingen at the Wartbaum, right over against the ship mill, where brickwork was still seen at mansgedenckhen old masonry, the other at the other Schloss Mandach, third not called by the Trencki Orth 'and that' with little water from all three Bruggen the pillars are in good order '. He also describes 'how one pulled out such pillars and iron scuoch with it'. "
Regarding the first bridge, see also the information under Reckingen , the 'third Brugg' was historically the first to be built during or after the establishment of the Roman camp in 15 BC. Was built west of the later and used the island as a 'stopover' opposite today's community center Küssaberg. The newly laid asphalt road east along the community center (fire brigade headquarters) takes the route of the first route of the Roman road. On the Zurzach side, during excavations in 1982–1987 “in the 'Himmelrych' / 'Auf Rainen' area, remains of military installations from the 1st half of the 1st century AD came to light. […] Outside the fort area there were various workshops and a bath building. ”Today, Zurzach Castle (“ Villa Himmelrych ”) is located on this first fort area .
These findings already make it clear that after the Roman camp in Dangstetten was abandoned in 9 BC. The troops were not withdrawn from the area again - undoubtedly the 19th Legion that had moved there - because they perished in the battle in the Teutoburg Forest in 9th AD. After the turn of the millennium, troops remained stationed at least backwards on the Zurzach side of the Rhine.
For the historical horizon of the Roman times of the region see: Iuliomagus
There are also two other buildings, close to each other, directly upstream next to the modern bridge: “In 1985, several piles were pulled out of the river bed and examined dentrochronologically ( annual ring measurement method ). It turned out that [...] the wood for the piles of the upper (bridge) was felled in 368 and 376. During this time, the strengthening of the border fortifications under [Emperor] Valentinian I. The bridge was built in 368, the second pillar had to be replaced in 376. ”Piles with iron shoes for the pillar foundations are in the Küssaberg Museum and the Höfli Museum in Bad Zurzach. In the period of the bridge renewal, the Zurzach double fort on today's "Kirchlibuck" was also massively expanded.
Bridge building in the Middle Ages
In 1985 it was also established that there was another bridge even closer to the current bridge and that this "lower bridge dates from the 13th century." In the middle of the 13th century, around 1250, the rule of the last Count Küssenberg passed to the diocese Constancy . It is likely that the medieval bridge was rebuilt under this powerful diocese. From this it can also be concluded that the Roman stone bridge was either destroyed or had disintegrated over the centuries as a result of numerous floods.
The medieval bridge established the importance of Zurzach as a trade fair venue “in the great economic boom that Central Europe experienced in the 14th and 15th centuries”, especially since the later of the two major market days in September together with the pilgrimage day for St. Verena was held. At that time, the rivers “Rhine, Aare, Limmat and Reuss” were also used for shipping, so that thousands of visitors came to the trade fairs (in spring in May). At this time there was also a lively market in Rheinheim. The construction of bridges in the 13th century also favored the pilgrims' way to Santiago de Compostela . This gave the presumably already Roman road station a new upswing as a hostel instead of today's Der Engel inn.
However, the medieval bridge did not last very long: "After the Rhine bridge was abandoned (flood in 1343?), Ferries handled traffic across the Rhine until 1907." (A. Hitber, District Museum "Höfli", p. 42 and 46).
- Roman road to Mayer (1926)
- Even under Tiberius, the border was drawn from the Rhine along "the Wutach and Krottenbach to Hüfingen an der Breg". The following emperors would have held on to it, “under the government of Nero , perhaps already under Claudius (were) [...] roads through the Klettgau and over Schleitheim [...] Vespasian created the imperial military road, that of Vindonissa, in AD 72 via Tenedo (Zurzach) , Bechtersbohl , Hallau , Juliomagus (Schleitheim) , Brigobanne (Hüfingen) to Arae Flaviae (Rottweil). "
A site observed in 1967 by Alois Nohl, an ancient historian from Geißlingen, which was revealed during the upper removal of the area at the construction of the gravel pit near Rheinheim, turned out to be one of the most important archaeological sites in Roman history in Germany. Although it was close to Rheinheim, the site was still known as the Dangstetten Roman camp in the Dangstetten district.
The systematic settlement of the northern side of the High Rhine up to the Limes on the Main and Danube took place from the second half of the 1st century - the area was endangered by the Alamanni from the early 3rd century and was devastated by them as far as the Alps. In return, the Romans regained the Upper Rhine line and advanced positions - according to tradition, a kind of status quo was maintained until the year 401, when the last troops were withdrawn under Stilicho . What remained was a population known as "Romanesque", which, however, was able to assert itself under the Alamanni. In Zurzacher fort also an early Christian community continued.
In fact, the Roman bridgehead on the northern bank is the origin of today's Rheinheim. The church tower stands on the foundation of the watchtower, the area around it (nave, rectory) was a fortress, the complex of today's Gasthaus Der Engel was a civil and military station, with accommodation and, above all, with facilities to accommodate horses and wagons.
During the expansion of the parish center "Die Brücke" a Roman grave stele was discovered , the original is in the Badisches Landesmuseum , a copy is in the church wall opposite the church portal. The inscription reads (freely translated): Lucius Felix rests here. Freedman of Ferridus Balbus, together with the eighteen-year-old slave Modestus from Trier .
"During the construction of the local sewer system and the parish center 'Brücke', extensive wall sections were exposed."
How long the Roman bridges existed is not known, the last transition (up to the beginning of the 5th century) was probably near Rheinheim, since according to more recent research (and old assumptions of the home historians) there was still an advanced bridgehead up to the Wutach the area Juliomagus (Schleitheim-Stühlingen) is said to have passed.
“The last Roman building that we can date with certainty is the watchtower on the Swiss side while walking. There on the west side of the waiting room a stone with an inscription is walled in [... original in the National Museum in Zurich ] from which it emerges that this burgus was built here 'under the blessed general rule of Emperor Valentinian ' [...] in 371. "
The Upper Rhine border was overrun for the first time in the Alamannensturm 260, but it was regained by the Romans and held for almost 150 years. After that, however, the Rheinheim bridgehead was likely to have been in ruins. Since the Alamanni on the one hand only moved up slowly and on the other hand avoided the Roman (ruin) places, the place will have been deserted for decades. Only after the victory of the Franks over the Alamanni in the Battle of Zülpich around 500 did they occupy the Alamannia specifically via the former Roman towns, as these also controlled central traffic connections. In this respect, Rheinheim is considered a Franconian foundation, which is also indicated by the name ending -heim in contrast to the Alamannian -ingen locations: "Rheinheim got its name 'Heim am Rhein' from the Franconians , whose foundation it is." (Mayer, 205).
In this respect, the row graves that were found near Rheinheim are not originally Alemannic, but rather belong to the Merovingian period, the early Franks:
Early Middle Ages
“From the Alemannic era, an extensive Alemannic grave cemetery was found north of Rheinheim, west of the road to Dangstetten 'auf den Linden' in the old gravel pit. When the graves were opened, numerous objects were found such as spearheads, buckles and coverings made of iron and bronze, clay beads, combs made of bone, steel and flint, two Roman copper coins used as pendants, etc. ”(Mayer, 204).
Unfortunately, the finds were lost so that no modern determinations could be made:
A historiography that refers to the Upper Rhine region no longer exists after the retreat of the Romans from the middle of the 5th century. The first general information follows with the founding of monasteries in the 7th and 8th centuries at Säckingen, Reichenau and St. Gallen .
During this period of early Christianization, the legendary tradition of St. Verena , who is associated with the surviving Romanesque-early Christian community with a chapel in the fort area of Tenedo (Zurzach). The modern statue on the Zurzach – Rheinheim bridge over the Rhine is dedicated to their memory .
middle Ages
With the Frankish administration and the efforts of the monasteries to preserve ancient literature, the written form also came back to the Germanic lands, but many early documents were destroyed in the Hun storms in the middle of the 5th century and were able to do so - especially in the monasteries - are not preserved until the 9th century.
Central to knowledge about the central Upper Rhine region and the Klettgau are a 'wave' of documents that began around the middle of the 9th century - mostly transfers of goods by the nobility to monasteries - and reached a climax in 876:
These are donations from the Landgrave of Klettgau, Gotsbert, to the Rheinau monastery in 876, which today are often used as first documentary mentions of numerous localities. This maintains the scientific nature of the evidence - from the historical circumstances, the finds and the research on place names, however, it is clear that most places are centuries older. In the documents they are to be described as developed economically and in terms of their settlement structure. Rheinheim is also mentioned in a document for the first time.
The transfers by Count Gotsbert from the year 876 refer to entire villages or to estates (farms) in the localities.
A second “wave of documents” describes the year 892, in which the concrete interest obligations (taxes, tithes) and respective rights and other circumstances (operation of mills, courts) are mentioned.
This is where the local literature also comes into play in detail:
“In 892 Rheinheim was subject to interest payments to the monastery through the donation of Count Gotsbert von Kleckgau, who later became abbot of Rheinau. […] Even the All Saints' Churches in Schaffhausen and St. Blasien (had) property and rights here. ”(Mayer, 205).
Rheinheim Certificate 892
The historian Wolf Pabst from Küssabberg dealt intensively with Gotsbert's donation to Rheinau:
"On July 18, 892 - subject to repurchase - he transferred family property that he had in Laufen, Mörlen, Fluringen, Eglisau, Bietingen and, last but not least, in Rheinheim to the Rheinau monastery . The properties also included vineyards on the Küssaburg. ”There are three documents in total, 892, the other two do not relate to Rheinheim.
The Rheinheim document itself has been lost, but there is a Latin translation: “The monks made copies of their important documents as early as the 12th century. This collection of copies has been preserved and is known as the Rheinauer Kartular. [...] The monk's 'secret writer' who first issued the three documents with the corresponding copies in the 9th century was the monk Luitbert. It is not known who made the copies in the 12th century. All three scripts were written 'in the Hunirislo grove'. In the Rheinheim certificate , the location is called 'Hönresloh'. As the certificate reports, the place is in Thurgau. "
Translation of the "Rheinheimer" certificate
In the holy and inseparable name of the Trinity. I, Gozpendet, leave my inheritance for the healing of my soul and the soul of my parents to the monastery, which is called Rinowa (Rheinau) and is built to the glory of the Mother of God and Eternal Virgin Mary as well as St. Peter, the leader of the apostles and the many other saints, where I am unworthy myself allowed to preside over the flock of God as abbot. And this is what I leave up to: whatever I currently have in the Thurgau district in the village of Laufen, in Mörlen and in Fluringen, on the condition, of course, that whenever I wish, I have the power to do it with a gold coin and to redeem two silver pounds within two years. And if I didn't trigger it, then Adilp Dreh, my sister's son, would have the power to redeem his rightful inheritance with two silver pounds within two years. And if it were not triggered by either me or the persons named above, then it would be irrevocably and forever in the power and rule of the named monastery. I also leave whatever I have in Öwa ( Eglisau ), of course, in this way so that I can redeem it from there by paying 2 dinars within a year, and whenever I want, I have the power to take it with me from there to trigger one gold coin, and if I don't trigger it, Rinloz trigger it with 10 gold coins. And if it is not triggered by any of us, then it is forever in the power of the monastery mentioned. I also leave whatever I currently have in the district of Hegau in the city called Bötingen, on the condition, of course, that whenever I wish, I have the power to redeem it with a dinar. And if it is not triggered by me, then my son Folker has the power to trigger it in the same way. And if it is not triggered by any of us, then it will be irrevocably forever in the power and rule of the abovementioned monastery. I also leave whatever I have had in Rinheim (Rheinheim) so far, on the condition, of course, that whenever I wish, I have the power to trigger it with a gold coin, and if it is not triggered by me, then remain forever in the power and rule of this monastery. Whatever I have had in the aforementioned places, both lands and houses, basilicis and church properties, huts, serfs, vineyards, orchards, meadows, pastures, bodies of water and streams, mills, forests, fields and undeveloped land, movables and real estate , Payment obligations or outstanding debts or whatever you can say and name, I leave everything to the power and property of the aforementioned monastery. But if someone tried to counter this surrender, concluded by the hand of power, and to reverse it, that it was by no means to happen, he would be forced to pay 3 ounces of gold and 5 weights of silver into the state treasury of the king, and yet this surrender would remain firm and stable.
Negotiated in the Thurgau district in the forest, which is called Hönresloh, in the presence of a large crowd and suitable witnesses. In the year 892 of the Incarnation of the Lord, in the fifth year of the rule of Arnolf , also the year one of Pope Formosus , on July 14th, on a Sunday.
The deed gives a lump sum for ownership, and there were certainly detailed lists of it. The count secures himself and his heirs with repurchase rights, according to tradition he himself became abbot of the Rheinau monastery in 892. With that he would have continued control of his former property. This was more efficient than family administration, especially since the Carolingian Empire had been in full dissolution since 888 and the struggle for the succession had already begun.
At that time, Rheinheim had a future as the administrative center of Rheinau. The Rheinau monastery remained in possession of the goods and rights in the wide area until 1806.
Hungarian invasions
The fortunes of the High Rhine region only two decades later during the time of the Hungarian invasions are rarely discussed ; in popular parlance and also in local literature until the end (E. Müller-Ettikon) still called "Huns".
Since the Hochrheinlinie from Lake Constance was one of the few gateways to Central Europe, the cavalry armies of the Hungarians ( Magyars ) also took this route. Several times between 910 and 954 they moved along the Rhine via the newly organized Duchy of Swabia. The village of Swabia, located in the Rhine loop near Rheinau, was wiped out in 925, according to other information in 954, in 926 St. Gallen and the monastery were destroyed , and at that time also the Säckingen monastery . There is a representation from Dettighofen :
"When the Hungarians murdered the villages of Klettgau with murder and everything burned down in the 10th century, Rheinau ceded his interest rights from the Dettighofer cellar to the St. Blasien monastery."
- Historical horizon
- It was not until 955, after enormous organizational and military efforts, that Emperor Otto the Great succeeded in destroying the Hungarians in the battle of the Lechfeld . In the context of the reconstruction of the now as Holy Roman Empire designated the former kingdom of the Franks , the central government could Ottonen cause a general civilizational and economic recovery. In particular, they abolished the division of the Carolingian inheritance, the empire was no longer distributed to all the ruler's sons, but now went as a whole to the eldest son.
- The Alamannia as a political unit was now history, with the founding year 911 the Duchy of Swabia developed across the board . Although the Alemanni - increasingly mixed with the Franks - retained their local independence, the 'young' monasteries of St. Blasien in particular (as part of the increasing clearing of the Black Forest) and Rheinau developed alongside a variety of noble families. The Zähringers ruled on a large scale , in the regional area among others the Küssenbergers, who are mentioned in documents from 1135 onwards.
High Middle Ages
Now follows the period of the High Middle Ages , which is often and not entirely without justification, not only documented in documents but also transfigured in legends and sagas - in the artful traditions of minstrels , a courtly culture and, associated with it, a growing social and political position of women. Also in the monasteries.
- Diocese of Constance
- With the extinction of the Küssenbergs, the castle and territory went to the Diocese of Constance in 1250 and this became more concrete in a separate association of the localities Rheinheim, Küßnach, Dangstetten and Reckingen in the rule "Küssenberger Schloß und Tal". It is possible that the network of localities has been in existence for much longer since the reconstruction after the Hungarian invasions in the second half of the 10th century. A similar merger is assumed for the Randental near Schleitheim, and the Wutental rulership with the center of Schwerzen could also have its roots here. After the devastation, the places came together.
The large-scale political processes began to have an ever greater impact on regional events, due to the increasing concentration of power in ever fewer, but more comprehensive, state structures. In addition, there was the ongoing conflict between emperors and popes in Central Europe - a dangerous and historically new line of conflict which, in addition to the classical political and economic justifications, now also made a moral factor, religion, effective.
Due to the defeat of the Hohenstaufen dynasty against strong popes - in the so-called investiture controversy in the 11th and 12th centuries - central power in Germany disintegrated in the "terrible, imperial times", the interregnum . Even local nobility seized the imperial goods - the crown property - and tried to steal it from each other in endless battles. Only a ruler who gained strength within this framework, the Habsburg Rudolf I , succeeded in systematically asserting himself and finally being elected as the new king. Among many others he destroyed the Klettgauische Weißenburg of the Krenkingers , who had also appropriated the legend of the Rheinau monastery.
He took back the imperial estates and had the Habsburg land register created from 1300, a detailed property register now also in the High Rhine region, which is considered one of the most important historical documents. However, it has not yet been evaluated by local research in the Küssaberg area - contrary to Lauchringen (history) , for example .
From the 12th to the 16th century, regional domains were restructured - villages also merged with neighboring towns or strengthened aristocratic families were brought together. Mostly it was valley communities like Rheinheim with Reckingen, Dangstetten and Küßnach:
Modern times
.jpg)
“The Meierhof in Rheinheim had fallen to the Rheinau monastery, so it was - like the farm in Kadelburg - a Kehlhof and was managed by a cellar. But the high jurisdiction belonged to the Vogt of the Bishop of Constance on the Küssaburg. In 1497, [...] in which the Küssaberg estate was pledged to Sulzer, a contract was signed in order to avoid future disputes through a written agreement of mutual duties and rights. "
Rheinheim was the seat of the Klettgau District Court . Twice a year, in May and autumn, the so-called basement court took place here for the Küssaberg valley communities (Küßnach, Dangstetten, Rheinheim and Reckingen).
It is said that “after 1500 in Rheinheim, a lot of building activity began. Numerous public buildings made of stone were built. Rheinheim became a small monastery town. [...] The Rheinau monastery had its secular administrative seat here, that is, its property management, the so-called “care yard”. The Pflegehof was responsible for real estate transactions and for collecting the leases and taxes. "
Newly established townscape
The former parsonage from 1569, previously Vogts- or Amtshaus of the monastery (property management), the parish barn from 1596, now the meeting center “Die Brücke”, are grouped around the central square with the village linden; the parish church of St. Michael, rebuilt in 1671, and next to it the now renovated Zehntscheuer:
“The former Rhenish tithe barn for Rheinheim, Dangstetten, Bechtersbohl and Reckingen shows a Renaissance coat of arms with an abbot and a crook on the front . 1597. The parsonage barn also has the same coat of arms from 1596. The Gothic windows of the town hall and the stone portal at the Gasthaus zum Engel are remarkable. In Rheinheim there was a weekly fruit market until around 1850, which was heavily visited by compatriots in Klettgau, especially at the time of the Zurzach trade fair . "
To the west of it is the former town hall from 1526. “This allegedly housed the emperor several times when he came to the area to hunt. The Küssaberg Museum is located in this 'Imperial Hunting Lodge', which was thatched with thatch until the late 19th century . [...] In the former main room on the mezzanine floor, behind a six-part Gothic window group, there is a richly decorated statue that supports the two vaulted windows. In the museum, which is open on Sunday afternoons, you can find copies of important stone carvings from Küssaberg: bas-relief of the 'Kadelburg Lion' just to the left behind the entrance door, console with the face of a bearded man in the front of the two museum rooms, bas-relief of a jumping salmon above the access stairs, which is to be understood as a reference to the Rheinau monastery. Years 1526 and 1985. "
Rheinheim was “on a side route to the great pilgrimage route ( Jakobsweg ) to Santiago de Compostela . The southern German pilgrims first visited the Verena shrine in Zurzach . The high point of the German pilgrimages to St. James was around 1500. "
The ensemble of today's Rheinheim town center "also includes the Engel inn , the pilgrims' hostel at Rathausring 8 and a narrow customs building that was built in 1908 in the Biedermeier style." (W. Pabst, 8 and 12).
The Angel Inn
.JPG)
“Renaissance portal from 1761 with angel, above it a scallop shell carved in stone . To the left of the entrance above the cellar door a relief with a wine jug and wine glass. To the right of the entrance, above the second cellar entrance, the year 1815. […] Inside the building, in the guest room, a brick relief with a post horn and a whip. The inn has a beer garden with beautiful old trees, which is located in the center of the village. You can see many of the buildings described from the beer garden. "
“Rathausring 8 house, probably the former outbuilding of the Engel inn. Portal from 1751 in the Renaissance - or Baroque style. Above the door is a baroque figure of Nepomuk, which stands in a shell-shaped niche on a small bridge. There are beautiful cross vaults inside the building. The house has a huge vaulted cellar. ”(W. Pabst, 13 and 15).
For the European events and their effects from the 16th to the 18th century on Germany, the southwest and also Küssaberg, see in detail under Region Küssaburg in the late Middle Ages
19th century
After their revolution in 1789 , the French under Napoleon Bonaparte soon invaded their neighboring countries in order to dissolve the traditional feudal order. Although the French had their power-political interests in mind, the foundations of regional aristocracy and church (monastery) rule were eliminated ( secularization ). The body rule was abolished and the thousand-year-old tithe replaced, all territories in the Grand Duchy of Baden were merged.
> Processes and effects in the Küssaberg area: 19th century
Dissolution of the monastery rule
As early as 1802 under state management (the Margraviate of Baden ) the diocese of Constance was dissolved , which was concluded by Pope Pius VII in 1821 and which was incorporated into the reorganization of the Archdiocese of Freiburg . However, subordinate administrative structures such as that of the Rheinau monastery were preserved for decades. Here legal relationships were replaced and "settled". In Rheinheim, as the administrative center of the monastery, matters relating to the tithe were contractually regulated in 1856.
“With the end of the tithe reference came the end of the Rheinau monastery. […] As early as 1838, novices were no longer allowed to be admitted, and monks from other monasteries were prohibited from immigrating. The monastery school ceased to exist, and in 1862 [...] the Grand Council of Zurich decided to completely abolish the Rheinau monastery. A state sanatorium and nursing home was housed in the residential buildings. "
The effects of the reorganizations have been extensive; the bailiff was replaced by the elected mayor and municipal council, after some confusion and initial difficulties, there were supra-regional economic and transport developments. In Germany, with the removal of many restrictions, industrialization also started regionally.
A photograph from 1892 shows that a “Rheinheim-Zurzach wagon ferry” was commuting around this time. (EME, 95).
Another bridge construction
As early as 1828/29, the postman Xaver Roder von Engel applied to Grand Duke Karl August for a bridge to be built at state expense. The Grand Duke therefore came to Rheinheim and personally inspected the project, but refused. Xaver Roder offered to build the bridge at his own expense. Death prevented him from executing. But once again in 1830 his widow Franziska agreed to build the bridge at her own expense. The plan fizzled out. "
“Then the bridge to Kadelburg should be built. But the plan was not carried out because the Swiss bank was too low there and could be flooded during high water. ”(EME, 61).
20th century
“A steel truss bridge was started in 1906. Hewn stone blocks from Schwarzwasserstelz Castle near Kaiserstuhl were used for the two pillars . […] On May 21st there was a flood. The lower longitudinal beams of the wooden scaffolding were mounted too deep. The water carried trees and other bulky items with it. The pressure increased more and more, and finally the floods brought the structure to collapse with bursts and crashes. […] One began again and on July 14th 1907 the population celebrated the inauguration from left and right of the river. ”(EME, 61). The construction of this bridge is due to the initiative of the Zurzacher industrialist Jakob Zuberbühler, "with its textile industry after the demise of Zurzacher measuring [...] (1872) work in the stain brought." (A. Hitber, 57).
A modern steel composite bridge ( Rheinbrücke Zurzach – Rheinheim ) has spanned the river since 1977 .
In the First World War the community had 7 war victims.
In 1926 the village had 266 inhabitants, of which “235 Catholics, 15 Protestants and 6 others. The district has 299.68 ha. The main occupation of the residents is agriculture. There is a grain mill. ”(Mayer, Amtsbuch 1926, 204 and 205). In 1956 the place had 500 inhabitants.
"17 fallen and 3 missing persons (were) to be mourned in the World War 1939–1945." (Chronik Landkreis, 1957, p. 77).
The legal process for the amalgamation ("reorganization") of the municipalities in Baden-Württemberg, which ran from 1971 to January 1, 1975, was discussed early in the Küssaberg area and was completed: On January 1, 1973, Rheinheim became the new municipality Küssaberg incorporated. (Bechtersbohl followed on January 1, 1975). When the community of Küssabergs was rebuilt, Rheinheim had 710 inhabitants. There are currently over 1,430.
Remarks
- ↑ The wooden "double bridge" did not exist at the same time as the Roman bridge, as Mayer had to assume (Mayer, 204 f.): It was a medieval bridge. Mandach Castle fell victim to the construction of the Rhine Valley Railway in 1906 .
- ↑ Cf. P. Moritz Hohenbaum van der Meer, Festschrift "Brief History of the Thousand-Year Foundation of the Freyeximirten House of God Rheinau", Fürstenbergische Hofdruckerei Donaueschingen (1778). The deed of donation is kept in the State Archives of the Canton of Zurich, Winterthurerstraße 170, CH 8057 Zurich. It can be found in the so-called Rheinauer Cartular under the signature C II 17, no. 1a. All information in: Wolf Pabst: Small guide through the village of Rheinheim. New edition of the brochure from 1985, Küssaberg 2011, p. 7. Municipality of Küssaberg website (Gozbert, p. 7) pdf .
- ↑ What was actually meant by the term “basilicis” (ablative plural of “basilica” = “hall”) cannot be fathomed, it could have been the tithe barns, the sheds for the farm implements, possibly the wine presses or, in general, large buildings be. In today's parlance, we understand a basilica to be a larger church from the Romanesque period (W. Pabst: Rheinheim , 2011, p. 29.)
- ↑ The formula means translated: "notarized" (W. Pabst, 29).
- ↑ According to Pierre Riché : Die Karolinger , 1991, p. 257: "888 end of the Carolingian empire", Hagen Keller : Die Ottonen , 2001: "Ende der Karolinger 887/888." Only the Saxon Duke Heinrich I could become king again in 919 prevail and his son Otto I managed to "consolidate" the empire in 936. P. 20 ff.
- ↑ The Huns were an Asiatic cavalry people who, under Attila, attacked from the Balkans to Central Europe as far as Gaul in the middle of the 5th century , and also moved along the High Rhine. Their expulsion was the last organized enterprise of the Romans (together with Teutons) - in the battle of the Catalaunian fields (451). Then the state structures of the Western Roman Empire dissolved.
- ↑ Quotation in: Chronik Landkreis Waldshut, p. 33. The transfer of rights from Rheinau to St. Blasien may be due to the fact that "the Hungarians in 925 the first Alb cell located near the lost place Scheckenwihl [St. Blasiens] ”and Rheinau wanted to give impulses for reconstruction there. There is no news about the Rheinau monastery. Apparently, however, the documents from the 9th century have been preserved.
- ↑ On the contract in detail in E. Müller-Ettikon, pp. 45 to 51. After the contract one hears "nothing more about the rights of the Rheinau monastery."
literature
- HW Mayer (Ed.): Home book for the district Waldshut , Verlag R. Philipp, Waldshut 1926.
- Hans Matt-Willmatt , Ed .: Waldshut district: Chronicle of the Waldshut district , Vocke-Verlag, Waldshut 1957.
- Emil Müller-Ettikon : Brief overview of the history of Küssaberg , Ed .: Municipality of Küssaberg, Verlag H. Zimmermann, Waldshut 1981.
- Wolf Pabst: Roman bridge building. Study of historical bridge construction with construction drawings. Article on the 20th anniversary of the Rheinheim – Zurzach bridge, Museum Küssaberg 1997. Website of the municipality of Küssaberg (pdf)
- Brigitte Matt-Willmatt, Karl-Friedricht Hoggenmüller: Lauchringen - Chronicle of a community , Ed .: Community Lauchringen 1985.
- Egon Gersbach : Prehistory of the High Rhine. Finds and sites in the districts of Säckingen and Waldshut. (Catalog volume), Baden Fund reports. Special issue 11, Ed .: State Office for Pre- and Early History Freiburg and State Office for Monument Preservation, Dept. Pre- and Early History, Karlsruhe. Freiburg 1969.
- Andreas Weiß and Christian Ruch: Die Küssabburg , Ed .: Küssaburg-Bund eV, Herbstritt printing works, Wutöschingen 2009.
- Alfred Hitber: District Museum "Höfli" Zurzach. Collection of the Historical Association of the Zurzach District , Zurzach 1993.
Web links
- Website of the municipality of Küssaberg
- Municipality of Küssaberg website pdf A small guide through the village of Rheinheim .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Quotation: Kraus at HW Mayer (Hrsg.): Heimatbuch für den Amtsgebiet Waldshut , Verlag R. Philipp, Waldshut 1926, p. 204. (Source referred to as “Mayer” in the following).
- ^ Egon Gersbach : Urgeschichte des Hochrheins , Badische Fund reports. Special issue 11, Ed .: State Office for Prehistory and Early History Freiburg, 1969, p. 194.
- ↑ Alfred Hitber: District Museum "Höfli" Zurzach. Collection of the Historical Association of the Zurzach District , Zurzach 1993, p. 77.
- ^ Wolf Pabst: stone sculptures in Küssaberg . P. 30 and 31.
- ^ Emil Müller-Ettikon : Brief overview of the history of Küssaberg , Ed .: Municipality of Küssaberg, Verlag H. Zimmermann, Waldshut 1981, p. 47.
- ^ Emil Müller-Ettikon : Brief overview of the history of Küssaberg , Ed .: Municipality of Küssaberg, Verlag H. Zimmermann, Waldshut 1981, p. 21.
- ^ Wolf Pabst: Small guide through the village of Rheinheim. New edition of the brochure from 1985, Küssaberg 2011, p. 25. Latin text of the "Rheinheimer" document: Municipality of Küssaberg website (pdf) Translation by Stephan Pabst, Ludwigsburg. In: W. Pabst: Rheinheim , 2011, p. 26 f. Illustration of the certificate on p. 28.
- ↑ Wolf Pabst: Rheinheim , Küssaberg 2011 (1985), p. 29 f.
- ↑ Wolf Pabst: Rheinheim , 2011, pp. 8 and 11. See also: Weblinks.
- ↑ Quotation: Kraus at HW Mayer (ed.): Heimatbuch für den Amtsgebiet Waldshut , Verlag R. Philipp, Waldshut 1926, p. 205.
- ↑ Wolf Pabst: Rheinheim , 2011, pp. 12 and 14.
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 505 .
Bechtersbohl | Dangstetten | Ettikon | Kadelburg | Küßnach | Reckingen | Rheinheim
Coordinates: 47 ° 35 ' N , 8 ° 18' E