Randen (mountains)

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View from the Hagenturm
The Randen in winter: View from the Zelgli over the Alps

The Randen is a plateau-like mountain range that is largely located in the Swiss canton of Schaffhausen . A small part in the north, the Hohe Randen , which has the highest elevation of the Randen at 930  m above sea level. M. contains, located in Baden-Württemberg near Fützen ; the highest elevation of the Rand in Switzerland is the Hagen 912  m above sea level. M. . The "actual Randenberg" is 830  m above sea level. M. high elevation on which the German village of Randen , a district of Blumberg , lies.

geology

The Randen is part of between Basel and Coburg extending Tafeljura -Landscape, thus element of the so-called South West German layer levels country and is part of the Alb-Wutach-area , which here at the Jura adjoined.

The table jura of the Randen is continued in the south in the table jura of Klettgau , Aargau and Basel area , in the north in the Baarjura (Eichberg, length et al.) . The book mountain in Blumberg part due to its location south of the Aitrach actually still on the edge of the complex.

The Randen is the western part of the White Jura - Escarpment . This layer step is already severely crushed by erosion and therefore hardly has any step surfaces. In the area of ​​the valleys and especially in the area of ​​the western edge of the step, the Randen has eaves heights of around 350 meters ( 900  m above sea level to 550  m above sea level ) (see Albtrauf ). The layer level continues over the large north-south valley of the Durach ( Merishausertal ), which partially delimits the Randen, to the east, where the Reiat marks the eastern part of the layer level.

The edge is mainly made up of layers of malt , the so-called White Jura , which is then also visible on the plateaus as white limestone . The slopes of the edge are characterized by layers of this Malmformation of different hardness. While the hard limestone layers are steep and largely forested, the softer marl layers also have flat terraces. These can be used for agriculture.

The plateaus of the Randen slope gently from northwest to southeast. Because the geological layers are more inclined than the plateaus, geologically younger layers follow from north-west to south-east in topographically lower elevations.

190 million years ago the Jurassic Sea flooded what is now the Randen area. In this shallow body of water, layers of limestone were deposited over millions of years and solidified to form Jurassic limestone. The remains of marine life can still be found today in large numbers in the form of fossils (fossils).

Geographical breakdown

Seven beets

New Siblinger Randenturm , built in 2014
Hagenturm

Through erosion valleys converging to Schaffhausen ( Merishausertal , Orserental , Hemmentalertal and Eschheimertal ) and other erosion valleys ( Lieblosental , Kurztal, Langtal, Chällen, Dostental and Mühlental ), the Randen is divided into many sections and therefore seven different Randen is spoken of, whereby there are observation towers on four of the Swiss Randen :

The highest Swiss point of the Randen is 912  m above sea level. M. in the area of ​​the municipality of Merishausen near the Hagenturm . All four edge towers offer a panoramic view of the Swiss Alps , the Black Forest , the Klettgau and the Hegau .

Slightly corrugated plateaus were created on flat limestone slabs, with sharply cut upper edges that break off steeply against box-shaped valleys. These widely visible edges gave the area its name.

Südranden

In Switzerland, the southern edge is the mountain range that begins in the east at Neuhausen am Rheinfall , leads over the Lauferberg, Jestetten , the Wannenberg and Rossberg (including the Radegg ruins ) and ends in the west with the Hasenberg near Osterfingen and Wilchingen . Up until the 1st half of the 20th century, stone ore was mined in the southern edge , which can still be seen today from many stone ore pits.

Small beets

In Germany, the mountain range which begins in the west between Kadelburg and Lauchringen (Homberg) to the Küssaburg and over the Wannenberg with the transmitter Wannenberg and the Birnberg leads to the Kalten Wangen is called the Kleiner Randen . From there it leads from Kätzler near Grießen , Riedern am Sand and Bühl to Eichberg near Dettighofen , on to Baltersweil and the Dietenberg to Balm . On the Rhine side, it runs from Küßnach , Albführung and Bergöschingen to Kalten Wangen, where it runs along Hohentengen on the Upper Rhine and the Rafzer Feld to Rheinau . The Wangental separates the Kleiner Randen from the Südranden.

Waters

Due to the chalky subsoil, the Randen is considered to be arid and all of the smaller streams except the Durach do not carry water when it is dry.

  • Durach (source near Bargen)
  • Hemmentaler Bach (source near Hemmental)
  • Klusbach (source on the Griesbach near Schaffhausen)
  • Seltenbach (source in Langtal above Siblingen)
  • Chrebsbach / Zwärenbach (source at the foot of the Schleitheimer Schlossrand)
  • Challengraben (source near Beggingen)
  • Mühlbach (source near Epfenhofen am Hohen Randen)
  • Krebsbach (source near Randen / Blumberg)
  • Kompromisbach (source near Kommingen)

Driveways

All Randen communities can be reached by bus. The plateaus are not accessible by public transport. The whole of the Randen is traffic-free. Apart from the Randen crossing via Hemmental, only the following roads may be used by private motorized traffic: Siblingen –Siblinger Randenhaus, Schaffhausen – Beringer Randen ( natural road ) and Kistenpass Beringen-Schaffhausen (natural road).

Randen crossing

The Randenüberfahrt (peak height of 847 m above sea level) connects Beggingen with Hemmental and is 10 km long. The road is not paved throughout. A stretch of around two kilometers north of Hemmental is gravel. The route can be used by private motorized vehicles and is open in winter.

Communities on the edge

The former municipality of Hemmental, today a district of Schaffhausen, is located in the Hemmentalertal and is the only Swiss village completely surrounded by the Randen. The following communities are located on the slopes of the Rand (clockwise starting from Schaffhausen): Schaffhausen, Neuhausen am Rheinfall, Beringen, Löhningen , Siblingen, Schleitheim, Beggingen, Blumberg, Bargen, Merishausen. The Schaffhauser Breite-Quartier is also completely on a foothill of the Randen.

Schleitheim and Beggingen and, in historical tradition, Grimmelshofen as well as some lost places belong to the Randental .

tourism

Cross-country skiing on the Siblinger Randen.

The Randen is a popular hiking area all year round with many well-marked hiking trails. Part of the Rand is in the Schaffhausen Regional Nature Park . There are many official campfire sites on the edge. The best known is at the playground and storage area "Zelgli" ( 868  m above sea level ) at Schleitheimer Schlossranden.

The regional route 34 Klettgau-Rhein-Weg from Wanderland Schweiz leads from Hallau to Schaffhausen . The Danube-Randen Pilgrimage Route leads over the Randen to Einsiedeln. The two Natura Trails of the Friends of Nature lead through areas with rare species of orchids.

Several mountain bike trails are available on the Randen, u. a. the Route 50 Schaffhauserland Bike of Cycling in Switzerland . Every year the local mountain bike race Randen Bike Race leads over the heights of the Randen. In 2012 the eleventh and final bike marathon of the national EKS Golden Race was held.

In winter, with good snow conditions, cross-country tracks of 15 km resp. 7 km (classic) with start at the Siblinger Randenhaus and a 10 km long skating trail prepared. Further circular courses are marked in the Eschheimertal (3–5 km) and at Bargen (2.5 km). Unprepared ascents are signposted through the Eschheimertal (10 km) and from Hemmental (5 km). The cross-country trails are supervised by the Schaffhausen cross-country hiking group.

There are the following inns on the Randen : Siblinger Randenhaus, Beringer Randenhaus, Schleitheimer Schlossranden (only in summer / autumn on weekends), Hasenbuck Hut of the Swiss Alpine Club (SAC), Naturfreundehaus Buchberg, Kadetten Hut , Babental near Schleitheim. There are also restaurants in every valley community.

The Sauschwänzlebahn is popular , it leads from Weizen via Grimmelshofen , Fützen and Epfenhofen with spiral tunnels and viaducts to Blumberg. The Große Stockhalde spiral tunnel is 1700 meters long and is the only spiral tunnel in the world in a low mountain range .

Vegetation and agriculture

The geological peculiarities are characteristic of the landscape: the Randen consists primarily of barren, almost unpopulated plateaus that are only used for agriculture and forestry. A large part of the Randen is forested. Stripes of forest pine , which were laid out on fallow fields at the end of the 19th century, sometimes make it look like a park.

Most of the open areas are extensively managed. Often one finds poor meadows with a rich biodiversity with u. a. Orchids (near the Hasenbuck Hut) and steppe plants rare in Switzerland . With a few exceptions, the Randen plateaus are managed from the valley communities. The limestone can only store a little water. In dry years there is a lack of water.

climate

The Randen lies in the "rain shadow" of the Black Forest and is therefore one of the driest areas in Switzerland. The long-term average here is only 760–800 mm of precipitation (= liters per m² and year).

history

The Randen Heights were cleared from the early Middle Ages and settled with individual farms and small villages (e.g. Eschheim in today's Eschheimer Tal), which were mostly abandoned again from the 14th century.

In mid-June 1067, the Roman-German King Heinrich IV awarded the founder of the Allerheiligen monastery and the city of Schaffhausen to Count Eberhard VI. from Nellenburg a large hunting area ( Mundat , Wildbann ), which enclosed large parts of the Randen area starting from the Roderichstein . Since the canton of Schaffhausen is the legal successor to the town and monastery, the hunting area on the Randen is seen as the core of today's canton of Schaffhausen. In addition to the Rhine and Klettgau , the beetroot is of great importance for the Schaffhausen identity.

In addition to agriculture, the beetroot was important as a supplier of wood and an area for iron ore production until the 19th century . B. for the iron works Laufen am Rheinfall and the foundry of Johann Conrad Fischer . The use of the forest was so strong that the edge was almost completely cut down in the 17th century. It was not until the end of the 19th century that fallow fields were reforested on a large scale for forestry purposes.

In the early 20th century, single farm settlements emerged again (Griesbachhof, Blashalde, Hägliloo, Siblinger Randenhof).

During the hurricane Lothar on December 26, 1999, large forests on the Randen were destroyed.

Web links

Commons : Randen  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Some consider the Baarjura to be part of the Swabian Alb, which actually only begins near Tuttlingen.
  2. ↑ Hoher Randen on www.geodatenzentrum.de
  3. ↑ High margin on swisstopogeodata.ch  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / prod.swisstopogeodata.ch  
  4. ↑ Randenüberfahrt on www.quaeldich.de
  5. ^ Hiking in Switzerland, Route 34 Klettgau-Rhein-Weg
  6. ↑ Naturfreunde Natura Trail Schaffhausen
  7. ↑ Mountainbikeland Schweiz, Route 50 Schaffhauserland Bike
  8. ↑ SwitzerlandMobility cross-country skiing: No. 435
  9. ↑ SwitzerlandMobility cross-country skiing: No. 436
  10. ↑ LWS cross-country hiking group Schaffhausen
  11. ↑ Classic Randenspur cross-country skiing trail On: SwitzerlandMobility
  12. ↑ Siblinger Randenhaus
  13. ↑ Beringer Randen
  14. ↑ Webpage: SAC Hasenbuck Hut
  15. ↑ Friends of Nature House Buchberg
  16. ↑ Kadetten Hütte ( Memento of the original from May 7, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.kos-altkadetten.ch
  17. ↑ Babental

Coordinates: 47 ° 47 ′ 13 "  N , 8 ° 33 ′ 23"  E ; CH1903:  683 769  /  293527