Blumberg

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Coat of arms of the city of Blumberg
Blumberg
Map of Germany, position of the city of Blumberg highlighted

Coordinates: 47 ° 50 '  N , 8 ° 32'  E

Basic data
State : Baden-Württemberg
Administrative region : Freiburg
County : Schwarzwald-Baar district
Height : 704 m above sea level NHN
Area : 98.69 km 2
Residents: 10,127 (Dec. 31, 2018)
Population density : 103 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code : 78176
Primaries : 07702, 07736
License plate : VS
Community key : 08 3 26 005
City structure: 10 districts

City administration address :
Hauptstrasse 97
78176 Blumberg
Website : www.stadt-blumberg.de
Mayor : Markus Keller ( CDU )
Location of the city of Blumberg in the Schwarzwald-Baar district
Schweiz Landkreis Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald Landkreis Emmendingen Landkreis Konstanz Landkreis Tuttlingen Landkreis Waldshut Ortenaukreis Landkreis Rottweil Bad Dürrheim Blumberg Bräunlingen Bräunlingen Brigachtal Dauchingen Donaueschingen Furtwangen im Schwarzwald Gütenbach Hüfingen Hüfingen Königsfeld im Schwarzwald Mönchweiler Niedereschach St. Georgen im Schwarzwald Schönwald im Schwarzwald Schonach im Schwarzwald Tuningen Triberg im Schwarzwald Unterkirnach Unterkirnach Unterkirnach Villingen-Schwenningen Villingen-Schwenningen Villingen-Schwenningen Vöhrenbachmap
About this picture
Blumberg between Wutach and Danube, the light blue dotted line marks the Aitrach

Blumberg is a town in the south of the Schwarzwald-Baar district , on the southeastern edge of the Black Forest in Baden-Württemberg . The cityscape is unusual due to its history: Blumberg has features of a mining town that are reminiscent of places in the Ruhr area.

Blumberg is a state-approved resort .

Location and environment

Geographical location

Blumberg between Eichberg (above) and Buchberg. Riedstrasse on the right (today B 27 )

The city is located at the intersection of the southern Black Forest , Baar , Randen and Hegau , embedded in the high valley (700 m above sea level) of the former glacial valley of the Feldbergdonau between the Eichberg and the Buchberg. The wide valley drops steeply to the Wutach in the southwest , and with a slight gradient to the Danube to the northeast . The old road across the Ried - today Bundesstraße 27 - forms the watershed between the Rhine and the Danube. At the same time, the dam on which the B 27 runs divides the Ried into the Upper and Lower Ried. For better differentiation, the Upper Ried Blumberger Ried , the Lower Ried Zollhausried .

Altitude panorama of the Wutach Gorge ("Wutachfluchten")

neighborhood

Neighboring town in the north is Donaueschingen , in the east Blumberg borders on the Hegau with the fortress Hohentwiel and the city of Singen in the district of Konstanz , in the south on the Swiss canton of Schaffhausen with the city of Schaffhausen on the Rhine Falls and to the southwest on the district of Waldshut on the Upper Rhine . West of the city of Blumberg there is only a small connection road to Achdorf to the geologically and touristically attractive Wutach Gorge .

See also: Tourist profile

Natural space

The location on the Rhine-Danube watershed marks two different natural areas - to the east the apron to the plateau of the Swabian Alb and to the west the steep drop to the Wutach Gorge, which demarcates the undulating hilly landscape of the southern Black Forest , which sinks to the Upper Rhine and is traversed by deep rivers . The first pathway in the gorge was set up in 1904, but the rest of the natural area was endangered when Badenwerk AG submitted a license application for the construction of the Schluchseewerk , for which the Wutach was also to be partially diverted. The first demands for a nature reserve were made in 1927 and in 1939 the Wutach-Gauachtal nature reserve was set up . However, as early as 1943, the Schluchseewerk resorted to the old 'derivation plans' ( Wutachtalsperre ), and only after “1000 people came together for a large rally on May 3, 1959 in the Wutach Gorge […] did the jewel and wonder of creation remain for future generations. "

The blue stone , a basalt column, is located two kilometers east of the suburb of Randen. Geologically it is the westernmost point of the Hegau .

City structure

The town of Blumberg is surrounded by the suburbs Achdorf , Epfenhofen, Fützen, Randen, Hondingen, Kommingen, Nordhalden, Riedböhringen and Riedöschingen. The district of Zollhaus Blumberg is the logistical starting point and northern terminus of the medium-distance route of the former Strategic Railway “to bypass Swiss territory”; today's museum route "Sauschwänzlebahn" .

The city of Blumberg has its own locomotive

The districts

Achdorf in the Wutach Valley
  • Achdorf

The place can be an old settlement, as the Wutach Valley opens up here and there was a connection to the Blumberg plateau. First mentioned in 775 AD, 400 years owned by the St. Gallen Monastery, then under the Lords of Blumberg and successors, from 1409 until the 19th century at the St. Blasien Monastery.

Shortly before the end of the war in April 1945, Achdorf gained notoriety when German troops were shot at by French fighter pilots and taken under artillery fire on their way back through Achdorf (memorial stone for the victims in the cemetery). One escape route was the so-called “corrugated sheet path” on the slope of the Buchberg to Fützen.

The poet Victor von Scheffel was happy to be a guest in the “Linde” inn, today the “Scheffellinde” inn.

  • Aselfingen

The community of Aselfingen is located further west of Achdorf in the Wutachtal, the village was first mentioned in a document in 791 AD. Its history was closely linked to that of Achdorf.

Museum train over the place
  • Epfenhofen

In the vicinity there are Bronze Age barrows and finds from the Roman and early Halemannic times under the Merovingian kings. First mentioned in 1145.

The village is characterized by the railway viaduct, which leads high above the village center. Numerous workers were quartered here, who brought lively life to the rural village and its economy. Due to its proximity to Switzerland, it escaped shelling by French fighter pilots in April 1945, although German troops gathered there on their retreat, which blew up the enemy containment ring in the attack on the village of Randen on the night of April 26th to 27th to withdraw to the east. However, the action turned out to be in vain, as French troops had already occupied the hinterland as far as Lake Constance.

Today starting point for railway enthusiasts and hikers.

Railway operation around 1920, Fützen viaduct
  • Fützen

The village is located in the already wide-opening basin on the road to Stühlingen. Before that, a last narrow valley is formed, which then leads into the Klettgaulandschaft near Grimmelshofen. There are early historical finds as well as the assumption of a Roman manor nearby and traces of Alemannic settlement (grave field). 1083 first documented mention and naming of a family as "Lords of Vuezen" (12th / 13th century). Changing monasteries and long disputes over property between the city of Schaffhausen and the Stühlingen landgraves. 1643 Looted by a Swedish troop who moved on to Küssaburg , whose crew set fire to their own fortress. 1722 final takeover by the monastery of St. Blasien. At the end of April 1945 defensive battles by German units against a French tank unit from the direction of Waldshut. Today it lies between the museum railway with its own train station and the bypass of the B 314 , which brings about peace in the village.

Hondingen
  • Hondingen

In 764 and 817 AD Hondingen was mentioned under the name "Huntingun", which allows conclusions to be drawn about its Celtic origin. The place is already in the run-up to Fürstenberg and, according to more recent considerations, could have been on the former Roman road that crossed the Ried from the Upper Rhine at Riedöschingen or the Steppacher Hof. Quiet, remote place, still dominated by agriculture today.

  • Come
The "Black Stone" (GB = Grand Duchy of Baden )

The street village is on the street in the Hegau and was closely connected with Tengen in the Middle Ages and modern times . Traces of prehistoric settlement from Roman and Alemannic times. Idyllic place and starting point for high-altitude hikes ( Randen / Hegau).

  • Nordhalden

Community apart from the larger connections, it is assumed that it was founded by emigrants from Bargen (Switzerland) . The “Black Stone”, a boundary stone from 1839, which is also the northernmost point of Switzerland, stands at Hof Neuhaus. Traditional craft village on the Swiss border. Until it was incorporated into the city of Blumberg on January 1, 1971, Nordhalden belonged to the district of Constance. Village renovation completed in 1995.

  • Randen (Randendorf)

According to one story, according to a map, the settlement did not exist until 1620 - towards the beginning of the Thirty Years' War, which, however, only raged in the region later. “When I asked about this card, I found that there was no such card. Instead, an official reference was made to a first documentary mention from the year 1122. ”(Source: website of the village).

As an early settlement site, the location on the hill is viewed as unfavorable. Randen belonged to the dominion of Blumberg and like the whole of Baar to the principality of Fürstenberg . The village came to the Grand Duchy of Baden after the abolition of the class - the " mediatization " in 1806. At the end of April 1945, the site was largely destroyed in fighting between French and German troops that broke out of the valley basin.

The settlement has been a part of Blumberg on the old Hüfingen-Schaffhausen road since ancient times - a circumstance that was previously an advantage due to the tourist traffic, but has now turned into a heavy burden due to the incessant truck transit.

Church of St. Genesius in Riedböhringen
  • Riedboehringen

Very early traces of settlement from the Bronze Age and from the Celts; the name with the ending -ingen indicates an Alemannic foundation. Evidence (since 1498) is the old tower (former watchtower) and today's church tower, which was built independently. The place is located in a valley surrounded by numerous mountain hills (called "bucks").

A citizen's son was Cardinal Bea , who at the Second Vatican Council (1962–1965) in Rome managed the compromise with other religious communities that led to ecumenism from the Catholic side after the experiences of the churches with Hitler's rule . A museum has been set up in the house where he was born.

  • Riedöschingen

Larger community away from the traffic arteries. Mentioned in a document in 1200 as "Villa Eschingen", its origin could be traced back to a Roman villa rustica , an estate. The current name with the ending -ingen indicates the Alamannic village foundation. According to tradition, a Carolingian "primitive church" could have stood in the village early on ; it is documented in 1175; the lower part of the tower will come from this time.

Like most localities, Riedöschingen was also subject to changing monastic and secular rulers in the Middle Ages and modern times.

Zollhaus station (museum railway) .
  • Customs House

Like Randen, Zollhaus is also an old district of Blumberg - since the Middle Ages it was the control and customs post of the Blumberg lords on the main street Schaffhausen-Hüfingen (later Donaueschingen). Its importance remained at the end of the 19th century as a station and transshipment point for the strategic railway. The train station in Zollhaus is still the focal point of the former strategic bypass. Today the museum is in the train station. Zollhaus still has the character of a “street station” today.

Courtyards and former settlements

The desert areas of Helzenhofen (also partly to Fützen), Kazunstaige and Keglingen (partly to the district of Riedböhringen) are located near Achdorf . The Bislingen desert lies in the center of the city. In Fützen are the desert areas of Hetzenhofen (also partially called Helzenhofen to the Achdorf district), Schlatt, Moggerenmühle and Talerhof. In Hondingen the desert areas of Bollhof and Hofen. In Riedböhringen the desert areas of Keglingen (partly also to the district of Achdorf), Wallenberg and Weil and in Riedöschingen is the desert area of ​​Aitlingen.

history

geology

In the Riss Ice Age , the Feldberg massif was covered by a thick ice cap. “A mighty valley glacier [“ Feldberg Glacier ”] stretched 23 km to the east and fed a large river, which deposited large masses of gravel in a wide valley as the flow velocity decreased. Between Eichberg and Buchberg, the river, later to be called the Ice Age Danube, found a 'gate' through the steep ascent of the Swabian Alb to the east. "

“According to this idea, the two mountain ranges protruded as solitary peaks from the closed ice cover and divided the glacier into individual tongues. One of these tongues is said to have penetrated into the Aitrach valley [...] This explains the strikingly large width of the Aitrach valley. The Aitrach corresponds to a younger river that only uses the valley, but has not cleared it. The breakthrough between Buchberg and Eichberg - the 'Blumberger Pforte' - was created by the Danube at that time ”, which the Wutach owned at that time“ together with Brigach and Breg [... as] the main source load ”.

Early and Middle Ages

Blumberg Castle on an illustration based on old paintings

It is certain that human settlements have existed between the two mountain ranges since the Stone Age; However, the traditional story begins with a castle construction, which was probably begun in 1218 under the prince dynasty of the Zähringer , but is only considered secured with a document from 1260, in which a knight Johannes von Blumberg is named. For a long time everything revolved around the castle, of which only traces can be found today on the extreme western elevation of the plateau on the steep slope to the Wutach Gorge (towards Achdorf). From this secure position, its destination in the late Middle Ages was the control of the Schaffhausen-Hüfingen road - the cities that then dominated the connection from the Rhine to the Swabian Alb plateau.

As with every medieval castle, a courtyard with craftsmen and farmers was part of it, which gradually enlarged and became more 'stately' and was then also part of the fortified area.

Information board at the former location of the castle

On the drawing of the information board on the western tip of the former castle grounds, the construction phases are clear: to the west (right) the actual castle, then "the outer bailey separated by a ditch or the later developed town." The "town" was thus directly in front of the Castle. The village (and today's city center) was (left) further away from the building ensemble shown.

Lords of Blumberg

The rise of the Lords of Blumberg began quickly in the 13th century, because they were loyal to Count Rudolf von Habsburg , who was finally able to assert himself as king during the "imperial times" - a war between all against all - and the Blumbergers in 1274 / 1292 rewarded with the rule over Hüfingen.

"If Blumberg was the home castle of the family, then at the turn of the 13th to 14th century Hüfingen , which owes its expansion to a town and its town charter to the Blumbergers, became the center of the entire property."

- Karl Bader: Blumberg. 1950, p. 12.

For the continuation of the tradition to the Blumbergers, a document from April 1, 1292 is decisive, which was connected with events in Hüfingen and which shows a multiplication of new families - an event that is connected with a "network of Blumberg castles":

“By the end of the 13th century, the Blumbergers had extensive property in the southern Baar, on the western edge of the Hegau and in the Wutach Gorge. The center of this property was Hüfingen until 1383. "

After more than a hundred years, the rule over Hüfingen came to an end, because the last of the Lords von Blumberg died childless and his wife (who was able to inherit due to a princely appointment) married a nobleman from Lichtenstein, who immediately moved into the Could put possession of Hüfingen - Hans von Schellenberg .

There were still some efforts by the branching out Blumberg nobility to rebuild the old ancestral castle into a new center, but the strength of the family association was exhausted and they died out in the middle of the 15th century - at last the Lords of Blumegg stayed in a small castle on the on the other side of the Wutach Gorge.

The castle and meanwhile also the city passed through different hands and then remained with Hans von Landau , a kind of aristocratic loner, who developed it into a fortress with great dedication, and so it was prepared for the onslaught of the army of the Confederates who were in the Swiss or the Swabian War devastated the lands north of the High Rhine, but failed at the end of 1499 when further attacks on the Baar in front of Blumberg.

Church history

In 1353 (or 1356) there is also the first evidence of a chapel in Blumberg - although it is not clear whether it was in the castle or in the village - there is evidence of a branch relationship with the "Martin parish of Hondingen, one of the oldest parishes in Baar . ”This dependency is also documented in the sources of the 15th century - ultimately until the 19th century under the direction of the Diocese of Constance .

Archaeological evidence shows that there was already a village church in the 14th century:

“When the nave of the old Blumberg town church was demolished in 1956, Gothic frescoes came to light, which were unfortunately largely destroyed during the demolition work, in ignorance of their historical significance. The remains were put back together by a restorer. With a certain degree of certainty, the frescoes can be assigned to the period between 1350 and 1450. ”This archaeological finding thus represents“ the oldest evidence of the existence of a village church in Blumberg. ”

A change began in the 15th century, which manifested itself in the crisis of the papacy down to the lowest level of the clergy - “many clergymen (operated) a sideline in agriculture, as innkeepers or traders. The concubinage was the usual way of life. [...] The crisis of feudal society exacerbated the crisis of the church, the greatest feudal lord. "More and more preachers, including citizens and nobles, demanded reforms." Luther's attack on his 95 theses against the indulgence trade in 1517 is a symbol for the beginning of the Reformation . ”(Gertis, 287).

The Fürstenbergers were among the decided representatives of the old faith, the new owners of Blumberg - Lutz and Jörg von Landau, and after him Hans-Jörg von Bodman as well. But the spirit of optimism seized the people: “An answer to the increasingly unbearable living conditions of the 'common people' in the sixteenth century” was given by the peasants - “the Reformation ideas (received) new political explosives.” (Gertis, 289).

Peasants' War 1524/25 in the Baar

“The peasant uprising was a mass movement. Cautious estimates put sixty to seventy percent of the armed population directly involved in the uprising. […] Blumberg was an important bastion of the authorities, the rulers had to provide foot soldiers and horses for the fight against the farmers. […] However, there was no planned murder, as it was feared that the planned conflict would extend to another war with the Swiss. There was relative calm until the spring of 1525, then the dispute escalated. "

The farmers had almost the entire Baar under control, but the fortifications of the castle and city of Blumberg defied their onslaught. In response to the Swabian League under Georg Truchseß von Waldburg , “(the peasant armies) were defeated with unimaginable cruelty. The leaders were executed, villages burned and the people humiliated. [...] With the bloody suppression of the peasants, a religious awakening movement was also destroyed. ”But the old church life could no longer be renewed, the Catholic church organization continued to fall apart, sects emerged and people created their freedom - in of the region "(was) primarily meant Schaffhausen by heretical places."

Further details from the Blumberg area are not known - the sons of Hans von Landau sold the castle and town in 1529 to the then still counts of Fürstenberg.

Under the Fürstenberg house

"With the transfer to the House of Fürstenberg, the Blumberg reign entered a new phase of its development." The 'power principle of marriage policy' had not yet been staged, and mobility among the population, but above all among the nobility, was far advanced, so that marriages were distant (Aristocratic) houses were closed that were still based heavily on affection and led to the simple merging of goods, since the right of inheritance for women also became more natural:

“Count Friedrich von Fürstenberg , one of the most remarkable figures of the count family, knew how to decisively increase and round off the Fürstenberg land holdings. A few years after the acquisition of Blumberg, the count married Anna Countess von Werdenberg-Heiligenberg , who brought him the rule of Jungnau and Trochtelfingen as her own property and the county of Heiligenberg as a fief . Fürstenberg had thus [...] become one of the most powerful and wealthy families. "

- Karl Bader: Lordship of Blumberg. 1950, p. 27.

The Fürstenberg Count Friedrich died in 1559 and his descendants shared the property: The "Obervogteiamt Blumberg", which has now been established, was awarded to one of Friedrich's grandsons, together with the rule of Kinzigtal and the Möhringen office, Count Albrecht. "

City law 1564

While still a minor, they were first represented by a guardianship who carefully organized their future property and rights. “At that time, Blumberg received the first city seal as a certification mark for its own legal transactions. The inscription reads: 'SIGELL DER STAT BLOMBERG 1564'. "

"Happy time in Blumberg"

In 1568 the still young count was married to "Elisabeth von Pernstein, daughter of a Bohemian magnate and Privy Councilor, who brought him a rich marriage property [... and in 1578] with the young couple in the Blumberg Castle and active life. [...] A glazier supplied the castle with panes of glass. Between 1579 and 1588, Count Albrecht and his 'much beloved' wife spent a large part of the years in Blumberg; several of her numerous children were born there. ”(Bader, 29).

“Within the entire Fürstenberg house ownership, the Blumberg rule still formed an independent unit.” The count consistently defended his rule against claims from his own family - he insisted on an attempted attack by his uncle, Count Friedrich, on the “rule which had fallen to him with everyone high, low and forest authority and glory ”. He also insisted on "the old territorial boundaries" - "an independent, sovereign rights, all in a unified comprehensive Prince bergischen polity a first attempt from the reign Blumberg Office to create" had failed. (Bader, 30 f.).

The population, too, seems to have taken part in the reign's well-being, because the count “obliged his bailiff to look after the subjects of the rule and not to burden them with 'insubstantial innovations', that is, to give them their good old rights leave. ”(Bader, p. 29 f.). In 1588, the “entire court of Blumberg” was transferred to the “imperial hove” in Prague because of probably more important matters. After Count Albrecht's death in 1599, the Blumberg office went to his son Christoph, who died in 1614, after a ten-year vacancy. On this occasion a land register was drawn up (1609/1612), which recorded all goods, rights as well as persons and their social positions, functions and their economic circumstances. The data indicate a developed prosperity.

Thirty Years' War

But now the Thirty Years War was approaching and after that everything was destroyed. In the first two decades, the southern German area was spared, but now the Inquisition ruled as a prelude, as it were, which also claimed its victims in Blumberg, even if there were no Blumberg women and men.

The war in the Baar

The Baar was spared the war in the neighborhood for the time being, as Württemberg troops had invaded as early as autumn 1632: “Duke Julius von Württemberg , like many of the Protestant imperial estates, sided with the Swedish King Gustav Adolf II . The Swedes endeavored to consolidate military ties with their allies by granting territories. The [Fürstenberg] Landgraviate of Baar was awarded Württemberg in 1633. ”The representatives of the city of Blumberg also had to take the oath of homage to the Duke of Württemberg .

Although three allied armies ended Swedish rule over southern Germany in the Battle of Nördlingen in September 1634 , France intervened on the side of the Swedes in 1635 and after the Wuerttemberg fortress of Hohentwiel was occupied by French-Swedish troops in 1637, the castle was also opened in February 1638 Blumberg occupied.

In September 1638 Bavarian troops under General Johann von Götzen besieged the castle in vain. It was not until August 1639 that the imperial family recaptured Blumberg. When they withdrew, the Swedish-French troops set the small town on fire. ”In the following two years,“ Blumberg served the imperial army as a military base between Hegau and the Upper Rhine. ”However, the Hohentwiel had maintained itself as a French bastion January 1643 also Blumberg retaken. After the French were defeated by the Imperial Bavarian troops in their winter camp in Tuttlingen in November 1643 , troops of the victorious Field Marshal Mercy also stood in front of Blumberg at the beginning of May 1644: “The French were forced to give up the castle. Before the departure, Commander La Valette gave the order to blow up the castle. In the process, 'a soldier carelessly dropped gunners into the powder by a glowing fuse [...] damaged himself, his soldiers and a number of farmers and blew up 10 and was somehow burned.' "

The Wuerttemberg occupation in particular caused a lot of suffering to the population of the city and the surrounding area: “50 men were killed in the exchange of fire when the castle was taken over. Most of the population had fled together with the pastor, the fruits in the fields were 'hacked to the ground' and the soldiers had looted houses and churches. "Over the years, the changing occupiers had to give large amounts of food and money" and more than the fighting and looting of soldiers, the population was threatened by hunger and disease. [...] The fields were devastated and the harvests destroyed. "After nothing more could be extracted in the vicinity," the soldiers of both camps undertook raids far into the Black Forest. "When the castle was destroyed - the Schaffhausen town clerk Wepfer noted - had the surrounding places like it, "that dis robnest fountain". (Eveline Dargel, 96 f.)

The town and castle Blumberg were owned by the Fürstenberg line of Möhringen. The heir Count Albrecht was killed in an attack on the Hohentwiel fortress in 1640. With this - even before the castle was destroyed - Blumberg “fell under the Meßkirch line of the Fürstenberg family” (Bader, 33).

Conclusion of the war

In the Thirty Years War (1618–1648) “the buildings suffered great damage. The nave was obviously badly damaged, the tower was so dilapidated that it threatened to collapse, and the roof was missing. A thorough renovation took place in the middle of the 17th century. The baroque onion tower, which is still preserved today, replaced the old tower with a gable roof. ”(Gertis, 281).

“The war resulted in a significant population decline. A list of the landowners from 1653 names 26 people. In contrast, 48 farmers and small business owners were counted in the land register of 1609/12. This suggests that Blumberg lost about half of the population through death or emigration during the war. "

- Eveline Dargel: The official city of the Fürstenberger. In: J. Sturm: Blumberg. 1995, p. 97.

The end of the castle

“The destruction [of the castle] wasn't so complete that rebuilding it was completely impossible. However, it was no longer possible to use it as the residence of the count's and later princely family. [...] The castle had had its day, just as the defensive character of the small town complex had been lost. "

Only the so-called “New Building” was rebuilt in the ruins, it served as a stable and “fruit box” and until 1824 as an official prison; In 1706 the main tower was blown up. In the 19th century the stones were "used to build houses in towns and villages."

The last visible remainder: part of the 'lining wall' on the external fortifications on the way towards Achdorf

“The rest of the old fortress only disappeared in the 19th century. Their stones were used to build houses in towns and villages. […] The reports of the 19th century call town and village together as a 'parish village' and put it on an equal footing with neighboring towns of purely rural origin. ”(Bader, 31).

In addition to the 'decommissioning' of old fortifications due to the advanced artillery, it also became clear that the marauding armies of all parties, which had been marching across Germany for decades, had a high 'need for iron' - mainly because of the cannon balls. As a result, the landowners came here again: the nobility.

Mine under the Fürstenbergers

At the same time, after the devastation of the Thirty Years' War, it was an urgent motive to open up new sources of income for the impoverished country and around 1650 the princely family decided to take the " metallurgy " into their own hands.

In 1661 the first mining experts arrived from Lorraine and Luxembourg; The Belgian Guillaume Bilguin was commissioned in 1662, who set up the ironworks in Blumberg until 1665. Further processing in one's own country was also important, because only there could the acceptance of the products be dictated.

What is striking compared to the attempts before the Thirty Years' War, which still seemed amateurish, is that the organization of the project now shows a comprehensive gain in experience in all areas of the work processes. In 1665, the Blumberg official administrator Franz Vogler was appointed mine director:

At first a distinction was made between craftsmen and assistants - "smelters, blacksmiths and people-masters" - although they were also sent abroad for training. Aids were "ore diggers, quarryers, carters and porters" - the so-called "laboratory assistants". This was where the locals came into play, the farmer's children as "miners", who received money as a reward and a considerably higher amount of food. This included living free of charge: as early as 1665, a separate building for the miners, the “Laborantenhaus”, was built. Others stayed with the farmers. All employees were encouraged to work qualitatively, because the purity of the ore played an important role in the increasing competition. In addition, there were 'suppliers', large quantities of charcoal were required: lumberjacks and charcoal burners. “The charcoal burning was mainly operated in the manorial 'Kohlwald' between Steppach and Randen and on the Stoberg.” There were supervisors for the wood and water areas. A large part of the skilled workers were brought in from abroad (especially the Netherlands) or immigrated as qualified workers from the area.

  • E. Dargel also provides detailed descriptions of the life and work of the miners , marriage relationships and family structure (pp. 100-104).
Blast furnace around 1700 (Saxon Switzerland)

But there was an unforeseen problem of this dimension early on: the lack of water. The Wutach was too deep, the Aitrach was arid and swampy. The supply of water from the Hondacher valley failed in 1667. Without the ponds of Hans von Landau from 150 years ago, the whole company would not have been possible in the practiced dimension. However, these were often frozen in winter and overcrowded in spring, then they decreased daily as a result of the stress and were dry in summer and sometimes into autumn: the furnace was shut down. (Reports 1670 to 1672). The large Schaffhauser Strasse was so strained by the timber transport that "its inspection - as it is said in 1673 - was almost life-threatening." (Bader, 33).

An undisturbed development of the mining industry was not possible, because the unstable political situation and renewed war events did not allow the people much rest even after the Peace of Westphalia of 1648: “Conflicts of the European ruling houses over the Palatinate, Spanish and Austrian succession to the throne led to one [from 1674] Decades of wars. ”Levies, billeting and mistreatment continued into the early 18th century - even if Blumberg was spared from direct hostile attacks. The castle was already in ruins, militarily the place was meaningless. (after Dargelt, 106).

18th century

In 1728 “the abandoned smelter was broken up, [...] the mostly foreign smelter staff gradually withdrew. From the second decade of the 18th century onwards, Blumberg was again a community of farmers ”(Bader, 35 f.).

In 1744, Blumberg inherited Prince Joseph Wilhelm Ernst , who in 1716 had risen from Count to the rank of imperial prince . With this, all Fürstenberg areas were again in one hand and the ruler organized his territory according to absolutist principles with central administration in Donaueschingen: the Principality of Fürstenberg was created.

The new Catholic rectory in Blumberg in 1751

A lot of money flowed into the church, which was needed by the princes to consolidate the situation. For the construction of the new rectory, which was headed by the Fürstenberg master builder Franz Joseph Salzmann , “stones were taken from the Blumberg castle ruins” (text information board on the building).

Blumberg became one of the ten upper bailiffs' offices with the now attached places Zollhaus and Randen as well as the villages Riedöschingen, Riedböhringen, Hondingen and Mundelfingen. The tighter organization with precise recording and monitoring of the population and the control of all activities created numerous new sources of income. The rapid population growth in the relatively peaceful second half of the century also contributed to this, but traditionally old constraints and authoritarian regulations remained unchanged. On the one hand, the inheritance regulation, which determined property as indivisible, led to a fixed number of well-to-do farmers, a lack of the middle class and a large number of forced disqualifications: “More than three-quarters of the population hired themselves as 'dumpers' or day laborers. […] In contrast to the day laborers, the Stümpler had a lot of tension with horses. ”A sideline was necessary to survive.

Although trade developed, handicrafts and trades differentiated - people were becoming increasingly qualified and educated - it was hardly possible to change location due to the continued "serfdom" and rigid regulations despite increased mobility (forced road construction). The restrictions on marriage permits or “feudal rights”, such as giving the best head of cattle when a man dies and the best dress for a woman to the royal house, also generated indignation.

The rulers reacted only slowly to grievances - only the so-called ' enlightened princes' tried to modernize. But in the historical progress they could only delay the duration of their form of rule again.

French caricature 1789: peasant carries nobility and clergy

“The events following the French Revolution of 1789 led to a profound change in politics, economy and society in this country too. The population learned about the ideals of revolution through printed matter. […] Around 1791, revolutionary leaflets were also in circulation in the Blumberg office, and tobacco tins with verses appeared at the fairs that propagated freedom and equality for all people. "

- E. Dargel: Official City. In: J. Sturm: Blumberg. 1995, p. 123.

Further political developments blocked the ideals again, however, and when Napoleon made himself the 'soldier of the revolution' and the war “finally spread to the German southwest in the mid-1990s, the fear of the French army probably outweighed the various impulses among the people to deal with the revolution. "

In fact, French troops soon came to Blumberg - with the result of looting and billeting (1796) and in the spring of 1799 and 1800 there was extensive fighting in the region. Napoleon ordered the demolition of the Hohentwiel fortress, to which Blumberg citizens were also compulsorily obliged.

19th century

Territorial development of Baden at the beginning of the 19th century

But the 'revolutionary impulse' of the imperial farmer's son from Corsica led to the radical transformation of feudal Germany, which was divided into countless domains - to the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation (1806) and “the southern German territories of the nobility and imperial knighthood went to the newly formed middle states Baden, Württemberg and Bavaria. ”'Enlightened aristocrats' were still at the top - in Baden, as sovereign, Grand Duke Karl Friedrich . He was a seasoned man who, when he died in 1811, was reigning monarch for a total of 73 years.

to bathe

"The replacement of the medieval feudal burdens had already started, [... but] the initial joy about this peasant liberation quickly gave way to the sobering realization that one had turned from a feudalist obligation into a capitalist one: that was for the ransom from the land interest obligations Eighteen times an annual average amount , for the tithing redemption even twenty times the average annual income amount to be paid as redemption capital. The state treasury added a fifth of the redemption amount, but four fifths had to be raised by the titans themselves. [...] But the most serious of the consequences was that the reform legislation stopped in front of the property of the landlords and landlords who had been mediatized between 1803 and 1806 Wertheim and von Leiningen were, had an influential lobby in the German Confederation and the First Chamber of Baden, so that the Baden government was forced to protect its interests in various ways. "

Nevertheless, the disempowerment of the rulers could not be stopped and "what happened between the peasantry and the Fürstenberg family in the following decades up to the revolution in 48 can be seen as a gain in rights in a slow process of liberation."

Even were servitude and forced labor ( forced labor ) abolished, but the liberated also had this away replace financially for years. The living conditions were also problematic - severe famine in 1816/17 due to bad harvests, but also as a result of the outdated economy or still a jumble of powers and inexperience in creating new regulations by new state institutions that tested themselves in fair procedures. New suffrage in 1818, new municipal regulations (1831), forest laws, market rights. Blumberg had little to offer - remote - and received this in writing:

“The city of Blumberg is, if the name is deducted, a village and as such of only very insignificant proportions, it is not on any country road, not even on an important Vinizialweg and counts under 600 souls. The markets […] have dried up. ”(Letter from the government of the Seekreis , Huggle, 133 f.). This assessment also led to the loss of the town charter (1864 at the latest).

However, it can also be seen in the tradition that the Blumbergers did not care much about it and knew how to regulate their affairs, be it in welfare, wages or inheritance and resident rights: “The community did its best, often against their will of the district office. ”Even if the problems of population growth were combined with a certain compulsion to emigrate.

Nevertheless, an impatience built up, freedom came only in small bits and had to be paid dearly (to the prince) in all aspects.

Revolution 1848

“Years of hunger 1846/47” further fueled the mood and although the government announced the “abolition of all feudal rights” in “Vormärz 1848” - and Prince Karl Egon II accommodated this with a “final renunciation”, “ Friedrich Hecker , Freischarführer and fighter won many supporters for the republic in Blumberg. ”The defeat of the armed insurgents on April 16, 1848 near Donaueschingen against Württemberg government troops and the retreats and escapes via Zollhaus to Switzerland hardly weakened solidarity:“ There was so much sympathy with the politically persecuted that the residents of Blumberg, Randen and Zollhaus willingly donated for them. "

The Blumbergers did not give up yet, "in May 1848 Johann Baptist Moritz, the son of a day laborer, was elected mayor." He announced, "'You should just stick together and organize the people's armament as quickly as possible.' What he then did, not without causing the community several thousand guilders in debt, a rifle cost 20 florins. ”The Prussians called upon by the Grand Duke ended the plan to defend themselves, but already in the bud. Moritz was arrested, convicted, pardoned, and his property was auctioned. “He then emigrated to America with his family and many others who were involved in the revolution of 1848/49.” After the failure of the revolution, some Blumbergers, including well-known ones, had considerable difficulties and the community had to bear almost 1,500 florins for editions . “When the state of war was lifted at the end of August 1852, the reins of the grand ducal administration had long been firmly in hand again. Once again the Blumbergers felt what it means to be subjects ”(Huggle, 148 ff.).

The "old school house" built in 1846

Nevertheless, a new, self-confident basic mood remained - the feudal times were finally over. The new mayor Feederle acted prudently: “The district office observed this community particularly closely” and: “They let him through so many arbitrary acts” (Huggle, 157 f.).

"With the separation of church and school in the first liberal cabinet after the reaction time, the Baden state gained more and more influence from 1860 onwards." The state had the task of paving the way for the industrialization brought about by science and technology, and with it the training of the Youth was meant, it was understood: “The handicraft teachers from Blumberg as well as from Randen took part in an industry course in 1874” - in Karlsruhe to qualify as “industry teachers”. (Huggle, 180 f.)

A catastrophe caused its own: On March 30, 1873, “31 houses were in flames within 1 hour” in Blumberg. Shortly afterwards, the Blumberg volunteer fire brigade was formed , a new fire engine was purchased and a syringe house built. While only 9% of the houses were insured before the fire, in 1878 it was three quarters.

Poles for telegraph masts were already provided in 1878 (the Reich telegraph station was not available until 1885); The repair of roads was accelerated, in 1881 the mail and tourist traffic expanded suddenly, in 1883 electric street lamps were installed: “They replaced the smoking and flickering lamps, some of which were filled with pitch. A new well pipe was also laid in the Städtle [… and] soon the community started another major project: the water pipe for Blumberg, the construction of which the local council approved in 1896. ”Randendorf owned it as early as 1888.

"Altogether there were two good decades between 1894 and 1914." (Huggle, 169–187). The construction of the strategic railway from 1887 to 1890 brought the residents “merit from the 400 to 500 foreigners who now lived temporarily in the district and had to be looked after. Some of them were housed in Epfenhofen, but they also stayed in almost every house in Blumberg. Since they obtained the food from their householders, another source of income was created. "

Construction of the strategic railway

The Wutach Bridge "Im Weiler" around 1900

“The general contractor for railway construction was the Philipp Holzmann company , at that time already a global company (founded in 1849). […] According to contemporary reports, the entire route was a huge construction site. ”(Reimer, 58).

"In order to move the construction work forward quickly, over 4,500 workers, mostly Italians, were employed at times." Four large viaducts and six tunnels were completed on the kilometer-long route, all of which were double-tracked. The iron bridge parts came as individual parts from the Gutehoffnungshütte in Oberhausen and were transported from the Immendingen storage area to the construction sites via field railway tracks. The tunnel construction was started on both sides, "small oil lamps were used for lighting, it was hit with hammers, drilled with simple compressed air drills operated by water power, the ventilation hardly worked." Nevertheless, it can be assumed that for the workers in this country, advanced technology and also a new work organization was used. There were teams of surveyors, the wooden structures for bridge piers and fish-belly girders were highly complex - to this day there is almost nothing to complain about in any of the structures. In particular, the river crossing in the deeply cut Wutach Valley was considered a "technical challenge" - "huge amounts" of flood and white water had to be taken into account: "The engineers had succeeded in creating a masterpiece."

Early 20th century

A completely new dimension in working life was heralded when, towards the end of the century, the farmers suffered severe earnings losses, "because grain prices fell due to cheap imports from overseas and Russia." Only when "extreme weather conditions led to poor harvests in Australia and Russia" and The government took stabilization measures as a result of self-sufficiency considerations, and the economic situation remained stable until the beginning of the war in 1914.

First World War

The general aggravation of the political situation due to the expanding economy - the establishment of colonies (Africa and Asia), competition for raw materials and military positions (naval construction) - did not remain hidden from the population either: “At that time, war clubs were founded everywhere and monuments were unveiled - man was after all a great power [...] and had a splendid imperial army. ”In July 1914, the“ long-planned warrior table was unveiled in Blumberg in the presence of the veterans ”and soon afterwards the military association accompanied 13 of its members“ with a flag under cheers and cheers to the train station. […] The initial enthusiasm only subsided when the mourning news reached Blumberg. “The community also had to support the families of war veterans, war invalids and survivors, before welfare was regulated by the state of Baden after two years.

Consequences of war

Blumberg was also involved in the war through the Strategic Railway: “In 1916, almost 10% of the population consisted of military personnel who were stationed there. [...] Those who were lucky could visit their wounded son or husband in one of the nearby military hospitals in Bonndorf, Donaueschingen or Engen. "Finally, rural communities were" obliged to pay high taxes to ensure the food of the population in the cities "and prices rose , Animals could no longer be fed (“pig murder”) and food became scarce: “The inadequate diet led to epidemics, such as a measles epidemic in November 1917, which led to the closure of the Blumberg School for a whole month. The following year it was a severe flu epidemic that claimed its victims worldwide. ”Children and young people had to take on agricultural work in addition to school, which led to injuries:“ Numerous mutilations, especially of the hands, were found in Blumberg. [...] At harvest time, lessons were completely suspended. "

Unrest in the population was reprimanded by the district authorities - “'Anger and resentment about the defeat' ruled the population, famine and the shattered financial situation did the rest - Blumberg slipped into the next crisis. The church had also had to subscribe all nine war bonds to help finance the war ”(Huggle, 188-194).

Between democracy and dictatorship

In the period after the First World War, which in the cities was mostly characterized by political unrest - including the proclamation of a Soviet republic - "(acted) calmly in turbulent times." But the election for the German National Assembly in 1919 showed that that a large part of the population was quite progressive, because in addition to the Catholic Center Party (with 48%), the still young Social Democrats (SPD) received 39% of the votes. Even in the election after Hitler came to power, in which most of the parties were only able to act to a limited extent, the center (42.8%) and the NSDAP (48.5%) in Blumberg were almost on par. (Mietzner, 197).

“There was no absolute majority for the National Socialists, neither nationwide nor nationwide. The Nazis secured their positions through administrative pressure, police action and open terrorism, and within six months all political opponents were checkmated. […] Catholicism [of the center], which found its representative in the local pastor, was the real opponent of National Socialism on the Baar. In 1935 they judged accordingly: 'The Black Forest was the most difficult area all the years until shortly before the takeover of power.' "

“The protest-inclined population in Blumberg was opposed to the party and its branches. [...] Nevertheless, there was no broader organized movement in Blumberg. […] Hardly anyone thought of politically motivated resistance, and even the later student in the resistance, Sophie Scholl […] was still a seemingly calm kindergarten teacher at the time [of her stay in Blumberg]. ”(Sturm, 220 f. ).

The ideologization of thought was now staged and the population was integrated into National Socialist organizations, "but initially not much changed for Blumberg." It was also not known that with the preparation of the first four-year plan, "the first investigations of the ore on the initiative at the end of 1933 The Saarhütten (had) took place and in March [1934] engineers from Röchling'schen Eisenwerkes appeared . “In an effort to achieve self-sufficiency, the National Socialist economic planning had tackled the exploitation of the Dogger ore stores in southern Baden .

Mining areas and plants
The “Black Man” - a sculpture in memory of the mining era

National Socialism and World War II

Mining town

Now existence changed “suddenly” for the community. Starting in 1935, the population of Blumberg increased tenfold to 7,000 in just a few years. Extensive factories and rows of houses were "built out of the ground". The company brought Blumberg a memorable time, the character of which Hermann Göring had proclaimed as a business leader when the commissioning began:

“I will proceed ruthlessly and issue legal provisions that iron should be extracted from the German soil to the greatest possible extent. How the iron deposits are discovered, whether with the dowsing rod or otherwise, is indifferent to me. It is also not decisive what the costs of iron extraction are. "

Ruthlessness remained the only aspect that was consistently kept by all promises of the Nazi leadership.

South pillar of the conveyor bridge to the train station

“Completely hastily built, without coordination and planning, with insufficient resources, a juggernaut was created in a very short time, which looked more like a settlement than a city. The traffic connections to the hinterland and the major centers of the country were insufficient. In a report from 1939, the gendarmerie of the 'city' wrote: 'In the expansion of the Dogger ore works and the location of the town of Blumberg to be built, no consideration was given to its actual location. The consequence of this is that trade and industry are reluctant to settle here because the traffic conditions here are extremely unfavorable. ' […] In 1939 there was a butcher's shop, two bakeries, a dairy shop and four general stores for 4,500 residents. [...] Confrontations and violence in the shops showed the irritable mood. […] There was slaughter in a car garage. There was also a lack of public buildings such as classrooms, higher schools, community halls or hospitals. "(Mietzner, 203 ff.)

Chronicle of the "mining town": Doggererz AG

In April 1942, the mining was stopped abruptly, because the German armies had captured enough foreign mines. The administration and residents of Blumberg “were facing a catastrophe.” After years of severe 'famine', the 'catastrophe of the Third Reich' saved Blumberg's survival, because the experiences of this “insane time” gave the city and population the necessary determination in the post-war period given for a new beginning.

Sophie Scholl in Blumberg

In the civil German resistance against National Socialism, Sophie Scholl was the co-founder of the student group Die Weisse Rose .

After she had been trained as a kindergarten teacher in Ulm since August 1940 and then assigned to the labor service, on October 7, 1941 she was “employed in the NSV day care center in Blumberg, where she had to do a six-month military service until the end of March, which is now available to students had been introduced. "

Original photo by Sophie Scholl in Blumberg. Gift from the family for the opening of the kindergarten named after her in 1992

“Your stay fell in those weeks and months when, after the mine was closed, the city got caught up in the vortex of unemployment and social unrest. [... Here] she must have seen the ruthlessness of a regime that pushed people back and forth like peasants on an urban chessboard to achieve its goals. "

She wrote to her brother [in November 1941]: "I work here in the daycare for school children whose parents have a 60 percent criminal record, but (these) are still far too good for a comparison with my superiors."

Sophie had a friend in Zollhaus - there she played the organ on Sundays off in the "'small, colorful chapel' (Catholic church Zollhaus)" and "paid a visit to the Schüle sisters."

“Dealing with the children entrusted to her led to an inner bond with her work and the Eichbergstadt because of her personality, who believed in the good in people: I go for a walk with my girls every day. Over time you have grown to love me as much as I have loved you ... It is a happy feeling for me that I can close this way. "

- Joachim Sturm: Sophie Scholl in Blumberg. 1995, p. 234.
Poster for the memorial in Munich

“Less than half a year after she left, she started the resistance with leaflets during her studies. She was arrested by the Gestapo on February 18, 1943 and, after being sentenced by the People's Court , executed on February 22.

Today the new kindergarten in Blumberg that bears her name reminds of Sophie Scholl. ”(Sturm, 234).

End of war

In 1935 Blumberg had its town charter withdrawn by the Baden Nazi Gauleiter Robert Wagner - a sign that behind the pompous surveys of the "mining town" was more the concept of setting up a "mining labor camp": just like the bitter reality on site developed. A catastrophe could only be averted through the energetic, albeit often ambivalent, commitment of the local party leadership and then also through the influence of rational entrepreneurs. Fortunately, Blumberg was spared bombing raids due to its proximity to Switzerland, despite its extensive factories and a company that had been relocated from Hamburg as an important part of the war effort.

The last fighting in southwest Germany was concentrated in the Blumberg area at the end of April 1945. German troops tried to break through an encirclement by the French army in the area of ​​the Wutach Gorge and the railway line. After the breakthrough failed, the German units disbanded. In addition to the neighboring village of Behla, the roofs, fuses and edges were largely destroyed.

post war period

In the workers' town, which had been 'forced to expand' from 700 to 7000 inhabitants by the National Socialists, violent disputes broke out in the immediate post-war period, as many workers leaned towards their interests according to Social Democrats and Communists and tried to push “old Nazis” out of their positions.

Blumberg's problem was to re-stabilize the city, which had been knocked out of joint and which was further enlarged by the displaced refugees from the east. i.e. to settle trade and industry due to the industrial workforce. This was achieved with organizational and financial support from the state of Baden and traditional and new entrepreneurs.

After the warehousing companies had been put into storage, "almost 1,650 industrial jobs existed in Blumberg just under a year before the end of the war [... but] production could initially only be started to a limited extent because the war ended soon after."

Inevitably came the "end" for the armaments industry, in addition there were the dismantling orders ordered by the Allies , the civilian auxiliary production - partly for the occupation army - was only small and until the currency reform in May 1948 only a few of the start-ups survived. In October 1948 "(were) with 3,860 inhabitants [...] 830 people were employed in the town itself, another 300 worked outside the municipality." Most of the employees were employed by the Teves company.

“It was a bad time [...] the less well-off population was starving. In winter the children sometimes walked around with wooden sandals or even barefoot. ”Following a personal interview by Mayor Theo Schmid, the Baden“ State President Wohleb , Minister of Economics Dr. Lais , Finance Minister Eckert and other gentlemen ”Blumberg and perceived“ the extraordinary emergency ”. The city received a financial grant for the new school building, an improvement in the power supply and the approval of a large company. (Karl Bader, epilogue, p. 2 f.):

Plaque commemorating the reassignment of city rights

“The decision of the Lauffenmühle spinning and weaving mill to open a branch in Blumberg was a ray of hope . [...] In December 1950 the new factory building, in which a handkerchief weaving mill had been set up, was inaugurated. [...] In the following years, the weaving mill developed into the second largest employer in the city (predominantly female workers) [and it] was able to expand its facilities generously in the mid-sixties. "

- Annelore Walz: Economic History. 1995, p. 376.

At the same time as the company inauguration of the Lauffenmühle, Blumberg also celebrated the regaining of city ​​rights .

The whereabouts of the Teves works remained uncertain for ten years "until the management finally decided on Blumberg as one of their locations in 1960." (A. Walz, 377).

In 1970, 66% of all employed persons in Blumberg were blue-collar workers, 24.5% were civil servants and employees - just under 10% were self-employed and people working in the agricultural sector. Of the 700 out-commuters, 200 were cross-border commuters. (A. Walz, 379 f.)

Skyscraper on the way to the French twin city

In the 1970s, Blumberg became the central location of a space with nine district communities. As everywhere, this communal reorganization required long negotiations and many discussions, but the present tends to confirm the advantages, especially in the expansion of the infrastructure.

  • At the end of the 1970s, peat mining was stopped for reasons of profitability.
  • The Werner Gerber Stadium (of TUS Blumberg), the sports hall and the “Am Stadtbrunnen” square with the miners' memorial (1994) have been built since 1979.
  • In 1992 the railway museum in Blumberg-Zollhaus was established.
  • In 1995 the company in the Lauffenmühle-Blumberg was stopped.

Incorporations

In the course of the municipal reform in Baden-Württemberg , the following municipalities were incorporated into Blumberg:

  • January 1, 1971: Epfenhofen, Kommingen and Nordhalden
  • April 1, 1972: Achdorf, Hondingen, Riedböhringen and Riedöschingen
  • January 1, 1975: Fützen
  • The incorporated city districts form localities in the sense of the Baden-Württemberg municipal code, each with its own local council and mayor as its chairman.
Cityscape 1960

City of the present

Due to the extensive miners' row house settlements, Blumberg has an unusual character for southern German conditions - the city also reminds of places in the Ruhr area with its wide streets . In addition, there are now two extensive industrial areas east of the city and at Blumberg Zollhaus. In contrast to the old southern German towns, Blumberg never had a "space problem" on its plateau - this can be seen in the extensive area, criss-crossed by small parks and sometimes meadow-like strips as well as (allotment) gardens and small workshops. The former outer bailey is now an ensemble of modernized late medieval buildings.

The modern city presents itself with a small, spacious center in a quiet location, as the traffic flow from the federal motorway A 81 with the high volume of trucks on the transit route east / south-west Europe over the federal road B 27 to the B 314 leads two kilometers past the place.

In addition to social facilities and activities, Blumberg offers its residents an infrastructure of supplies and services appropriate to their size. Features are a “panorama bath” located on the Eichberg and a number of traditional markets and events. Among other:

  • Street painting (street art festival) in early July.
  • City festival in early September.

Current projects are the reorganization of the school system and the redevelopment of the city center as part of the state redevelopment program "Stadtmitte II" (start of implementation: beginning of 2019).

Education and youth

In Blumberg are:

BB Kindergarten (Plate S. Scholl) .JPG
  • Primary schools exist in the core city as well as in Fützen, Riedböhringen and Riedöschingen.
  • For the youngest residents there are four communal, three Roman Catholic and one Protestant kindergartens in the Blumberg area . The municipal kindergarten on Achdorfer Straße is named after the young resistance fighter Sophie Scholl , who worked as a kindergarten teacher in Blumberg ("Haus am Buchberg") for six months during the Nazi era.
  • Youth center in the Vogthaus in Vogtgasse.

The reorganization of the school structure and a corresponding summary in the construction area are currently pending ("school campus").

  • The Blumberg City Library distinguishes itself beyond the usual media offerings with an extensive railway archive: literature on the subject of “steam trains” has been collected since 1997, as well as documents on the strategic railway.

Social facilities / activity

  • Citizens' guides to accompany the everyday organization outside the home and with initiatives on sociality.
  • Senior housing complex as well as a new construction between Hauptstrasse and Tevestrasse.
  • Refugee aid Blumberg

The city of Blumberg founded the Blumberg refugee aid with voluntary citizens.

religion

Old town church and today Evangelical Church. In the background the tower of the Catholic Church

Blumberg traditionally has a Catholic , an Old Catholic and a Protestant congregation with their own churches. Since there is no large settlement before the castle building in the 13th century in the space shank was a first chapel in the castle is accepted. The oldest church - the "Leutkirche" - can be traced back to the middle of the 14th century, both in documents and archaeologically. Badly damaged in the Thirty Years War, the onion dome that still exists today was built around 1650. However, this church has been the Protestant church since the 1950s - after the demolition and construction of a new nave.

This change was preceded by a 'church struggle' between the denominations in Blumberg, which was unusual for modern times and which also reflected a social problem: the locals were catholic, the evangelical migrants in the days of mining in the 1930s, mostly working-class families. The social catastrophe caused by the National Socialist economic policy led to bitter enmity among the population groups in the subsequent struggle for survival, which was only balanced out again after the economic miracle and a prudent local policy.

St. Andreas Blumberg

The conflict between long-time residents and newcomers was reflected among the denominations: in the dispute over the building site for a Protestant church. It was also about the fact that “too close proximity between the two houses of God (was) undesirable.” Only after the intervention of the district administrator, Prince Max von Fürstenberg and the Evangelical High Church Council, a compromise came about: the Catholics built one in 1951 new church, the Evangelicals acquired the old Leutkirche and rebuilt it in 1952. The Old Catholics had used the Roman Catholic emergency church from 1875 from 1951 and also built a new church in 1971/72.

The relationship between the two sides gradually improved, but only "in 1977 we can speak of serious ecumenical contacts."

A New Apostolic congregation has also existed since 1950 and "the Jehovah's Witnesses were also able to gain a foothold in Blumberg."

  • There are four Roman Catholic parishes in the city and its districts.
St. Cyriak Blumberg-Kommingen

Churches of the city and the localities

  • Evangelical Church Blumberg (historic town church)
  • St. Andreas Blumberg, Roman Catholic
  • St. Cyriak (Blumberg-Kommingen), Roman Catholic
  • Christ Church Blumberg, Old Catholic
  • St. Martin (Blumberg-Riedöschingen), Roman Catholic
  • St. Genesius (Blumberg-Riedböhringen), Roman Catholic
  • Johannes Church (Blumberg-Kommingen), old Catholic
  • St. Johannes (Blumberg-Kommingen), Protestant
  • St. Gallus (Blumberg-Epfenhofen), Roman Catholic
  • Redeemer Church (Blumberg-Fützen), old Catholic
  • St. Stephan (Blumberg-Randen), old Catholic

politics

Old town hall with the core administration

Municipal council

The local elections on May 26, 2019 led to the following result with a turnout of 55.6% (+ 8.3% p):

Party / list Share of votes +/- Seats +/-
CDU 37.9% - 10.2 11 - 3
Free list 37.2% + 4.9 11 + 2
FDP 10.3% + 5.3 3 + 2
SPD 11.6% - 3.0 3 - 1
Individual applicants 2.9% + 2.9 1 + 1

mayor

In October 2017 Markus Keller (independent) was confirmed as mayor with 98.1% in the first ballot (sole candidate).

The administration is located in the "Old Town Hall" and in a modern second building.

City arms

Blumberg coat of arms
Blazon : “Under a shield head divided from silver and green by a cloud section, a red cogwheel in silver, in which two crossed red mountain hammers ; under the gear a green oak leaf , crossed diagonally with a green beech leaf "
Founding of the coat of arms: The Blumberg city seal from 1564 with the cloud feh, which is borrowed from the coat of arms of the Fürstenbergers, has been preserved in its main features right up to the current city coat of arms.

Town twinning

Blumberg's partner municipalities are Valdoie in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region (France) and Kunszentmiklós in Hungary.

Economy and trade

In order to cope with the devastating economic and social situation of the city after the iron ore mining was stopped in 1942, the administration and citizens saw themselves induced to extraordinary activity in the post-war period in order to attract new trade and industry again. This became increasingly successful after the currency reform in 1948.

Companies

The place is the location of the Teveswerke, which was established in 1945 as "war important", today one of the most important manufacturers of engine valves (formerly TRW Automotive , the plant was taken over by Federal-Mogul in early 2015 ).

In the post-war period, the Lauffenmühle handkerchief weaving mill , which existed until 1995, was of great importance. The factory building was demolished in 2009.

Other companies based in the city:

  • METZ CONNECT (cabling systems in copper and fiber optic technology , manufacturer of analog and digital telecommunication components )
  • Straub Verpackungen Wellpappfabrik . A well-known manufacturer is located locally
  • Feederle (steel construction)
  • Teubert (mechanical engineering)
  • Schwarzwaldhof GmbH (Black Forest ham)

The support program for commercial enterprises has been set up: Top in the country - technology leader for Baden-Württemberg , with which small and medium-sized companies with fewer than 100 employees in rural areas are addressed that show a “potential for technological leadership. [...] The funding program is geared towards extensive investments. ”(City Marketing Website).

media

  • Südkurier runs a local editorial office in Blumberg .
  • The broadband supply is implemented in the Blumberg area.
  • In August 2018, “a new Internet hub went into operation, via which Blumberg now has a fiber optic connection to Switzerland's main hub in Zurich ”. This creates a “connection to the two main nodes Zurich and Frankfurt” ( DE-CIX ), which “means double protection against failures for all users of the association network. [...] In the core city 70 percent of the citizens would have opted for a fiber optic connection, in the districts 80 percent. "

traffic

From the north, the urban environment is reached via the federal highway 27 - this is mainly burdened by the A 81 motorway (exit Geisingen). The truck traffic flow - mainly from Eastern Europe - bypasses Switzerland via bottlenecks through the village of Randen on the federal road 314 into the basin from Epfenhofen via Stühlingen to Waldshut-Tiengen (B 34) and near Lörrach to the south-western European countries. This is a gap in the southern German motorway network between the A 81 and the A 98 which, for geographical reasons, cannot be connected in German territory. Switzerland had already made it clear in the 1960s that it would not have this connection implemented in its territory. The flow of traffic passes the city of Blumberg itself at the Blumberg roundabout.

Location of Blumberg on the museum railway with west / east connections

Blumberg is located on the route from Lauchringen to Hintschingen, also known as the “ Wutachtalbahn ”, and is connected to the Ringzug system that connects Blumberg with Immendingen, Tuttlingen and Rottweil . In addition, the museum railway ("Sauschwänzlebahn") runs between Blumberg and Weizen , which has received significant support from the city since it was founded in 1977 and has been operated as a railway infrastructure company (EIU) since 2014 with its company Bahnbetriebe Blumberg GmbH & Co. KG . Blumberg has ring train stops in the districts of Zollhaus and Riedöschingen as well as the Epfenhofen, Fützen and Wutachblick stops, which are served by the museum railway. Blumberg is incorporated into the Schwarzwald-Baar transport association . The Lauchringen – Weizen section is now served by school trains that run from Waldshut station to Wutöschingen or Eggingen .

The Wutach Valley Railway between Zollhaus and Epfenhofen

Tourist profile

Location

Blumberg is located in the center of a touristic defined area, which is measured on the 'day trip', in the Black Forest , the Swabian Alb , the Lake Constance area , in northern Switzerland ( Schaffhausen , health resort Bad Zurzach ) and the high Rhine plain ( Bad Säckingen ). From all historical epochs from the Stone Age ( pile dwellings ), through the Romans ( Hüfingen , Vindonissa ), Middle Ages ( Küssaburg ), modern times ( Hohentwiel Fortress , Donaueschingen) to the 20th century (Strategic Railway / Museum Railway) are locations, archaeological sites, monuments (Castles, mills), museums and old towns ( Stühlingen , Waldshut ) can be reached. The Black Forest heights, the 'lonely' Alb, the Rhine Falls and from the city on foot the Wutach Gorge offer outstanding natural experiences . Blumberg itself is a seldom extensive, sometimes village-like town with numerous green spaces, a good infrastructure and, although close to the main connections, it offers a (from a touristic perspective) quiet environment. Big city dwellers appreciate the completely unproblematic parking space situation. From the - albeit 'martial' 'mining period in the Third Reich - the city's outer areas offer a settlement that is almost curious for the region and more typical of the Ruhr area. Only remnants and traces of the factories in the nearby mountain ranges can be discovered.

Zollhausried nature reserve

The Zollhaus Ried east of the city or north of the Zollhaus district is designated as a nature reserve . A small sports and glider airfield is located in a shared area between the Ried customs house and the left valley cheek ( Blumberg airfield ).

In the city itself there is a modern panorama pool and a Nordic walking arena. One attraction is the ostrich farm on the Steppacher Hof. In winter, a flexible artificial ice rink is set up for ice skating.

  • There are caravan parks in Blumberg and Achdorf, and a parking space in Blumberg-Zollhaus.
  • The tourist office offers numerous activities, hikes and tours on fixed dates (selection):
  • Hikes and a. on the "Sauschwänzle-Weg", the Swiss region of Hoher Randen, orchid hike
  • Bike tours in the area
  • GPS company treasure chest hunt
  • E-mountain bike and Segway tours, flights with the Black Forest copter.
  • Further information in Wikivoyage: Blumberg

Culture and sights

Blumberg is located on the Ostweg , on the Schluchtensteig and on the Black Forest crossroad Freiburg-Bodensee , long-distance hiking trails that lead past many sights.

Buildings

Signal box at the museum of the Wutach Valley Railway in Zollhaus
  • Kellhof of the St. Blasien Monastery (Blumberg-Fützen)
  • The equestrian signal box was built in 1886 and stood at the terminus of the Black Forest Railway in Constance. At the instigation of the State Monuments Office, it was restored as a technical cultural monument to the museum of the train station in Zollhaus.
  • The handkerchief factory designed by Egon Eiermann (built 1949–1951) was awarded the Hugo Häring Prize and was abandoned at the beginning of the 21st century.

Museums

1st row, 4th v. l .: Augustin Cardinal Bea at the award ceremony in 1966

The Wutach Valley Railway Museum is located at the Blumberg-Zollhaus station :

  • The railway museum set up by Dietrich Reimer and Bernhard Prillwitz opened on May 1, 1992. It leads through the history of the railway from its beginnings to the present day: with original plans, uniforms, tools, devices (e.g. for sending messages and a work phone), films and last but not least with a model of the railway line. The station master's office and a general cargo counter are also reproduced. Other objects can be viewed in the outdoor area.
  • In Riedböhringen, in the house where he was born, there is a museum about Cardinal Bea (1881–1968), who attended the “ ecumenicalSecond Vatican Council with Pope John XXIII. was one of the leading personalities in preparation and course. He is said to have had "a tremendous influence on the spirit and outcome of the council" and refuted the centuries-old accusation that the Jews were " murderers of God ". In 1966 he received the Peace Prize of the German Book Trade , together with Visser't Hooft, the leader of the Ecumenical Council of Churches . (Photo).
  • There is an Islamic cultural association in Blumberg .

Blumberger Carnival

The Blumberg Carnival has been one of Blumberg's specialties since the late 1950s. It is mainly celebrated in the week before Lent. The mixing of Swabian-Alemannic carnival with the Rhenish carnival is unique in the area in Blumberg. This mixing could be a result of the large immigration during the period of ore mining in Blumberg.

Wutach Valley Railway

The “Sauschwänzlebahn” museum line on the middle section of the Wutach Valley Railway , which has a varied program of journeys, is of great importance to the city, which also runs the Blumberg railway company . This was blocked due to the corona pandemic, but rail operations are starting again with restrictions: “From July 2nd, the Sauschwänzlebahn will run through the Wutachtal again. You must wear a mask while you are driving. ”The adventure tours do not take place, but the tours are planned for“ the first three Advent weekends ”.

For operation after the end of the war

After the strategic railroad seemed to increasingly lose importance after the defeat of the German Reich in 1945 and the end of the occupation, and car and truck traffic finally took over classic rail operations, the line was expected to be closed. After the aggravation of the political situation in the East-West conflict , the line was fundamentally rehabilitated and maintained by the Federal Ministry of Defense by order of NATO from 1962 to 1965 , but in the mid-1970s this no longer made sense either. Now even a complete dismantling of the plants has been considered.

The German Federal Railroad (DB) ordered “the complete suspension of rail traffic on December 31, 1976. [… and] planned to dismantle the facility, which had become unprofitable. [...] This now called the mayor of Blumberg, Werner Gerber, and like-minded people to the scene. Together with the proponents of a museum railway, Ferdinand Mollet and Hans Dorner (both EUROVAPOR Zurich) as well as qualified engineer Zimmermann (from the management of Deutsche Bahn in Karlsruhe), they got the promise in Stuttgart to start a provisional museum railway operation from Zollhaus to Weizen ( Train station). "

“After unforeseen difficulties - the DB had de-dedicated the route, now an accelerated planning approval procedure had to take place because 'the route no longer existed' - the first museum train ran on May 19, 1977. […] The train was a colorful ensemble of all possible car types and a small locomotive. […] Already during the first season in 1977 there were over 20,000 passengers. ”The museum railway was officially registered as a cultural monument in 1998 and in 2014 was recognized by the Federal Chamber of Engineers as a historical landmark of civil engineering in Germany .

With the establishment of the museum route, the responsibility of the Verein Wutachtalbahn e.V. shared in the first decades . V. and the city of Blumberg. Over time, however, there was a kind of 'renewal backlog'. In addition, decision-making processes were difficult, so that in one case a measure was only approved after its completion. After a conflict about the "rolling stock" and the expansion of the business, the association and the city separated. However, the plans for winter operation resulted in official and legal disputes over the protection of bat populations in the tunnels.

With Mayor Markus Keller, who took office in Blumberg in 2010, a new phase began in the administration and management of the museum railway, as he realized "a long-standing request from the local council to establish a GmbH from the museum railway's own operation" in 2014.

The responsibility for the operation of the Wutach Valley Railway , whose eastern section is known as the “Sauschwänzlebahn” museum railway, has officially been with Bahnbetriebe Blumberg GmbH & Co. KG since February 1st, 2014 . They bought their own steam locomotive, the BB 262, and a train for almost two million euros. "

The circumstances had led to the city "having to withdraw around 1.5 million euros from its reserves from 2013 to 2015". The number of passengers also fell by 2015 (three years by 90,000) and only recovered again in 2016 “with 108,000 passengers”.

The winter driving ban was lifted under certain conditions in 2018.

In the meantime, Bahnbetriebe Blumberg, together with the municipalities on the line, are striving to gradually restart operations between the Lauchringen station and the Weizen station .

Personalities

Born in Blumberg or its localities

Personalities associated with Blumberg

  • Sophie Scholl (1921–1943), resistance fighter against National Socialism
  • Leo Wohleb (1888–1955), President of the State of Baden

Web links

Commons : Blumberg  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikivoyage: Blumberg  - Travel Guide

literature

  • Karl Siegfried Bader : Castle, Village, City and Lordship of Blumberg. City of Blumberg, undated, probably (Ed.): 1950, to regain city rights .
  • Joachim Sturm (ed.): The history of the city of Blumberg. Dold-Verlag, Vöhrenbach 1995, ISBN 3-927677-06-X . (Authors cited: Verena Nübling, André Bechthold, Eveline Dargel, Thorsten Mietzner, Richard Gertis, Georg Herbstritt, Andrea Haußmann, Annelore Walz, Peter Weinknecht).
  • B. Prillwitz, D. Reimer: Blumberg in old views. European Library, Zaltbommel / Netherlands 1998, ISBN 90-288-4730-8 , introduction.
  • Hermann Riedel: Stop! Swiss border! The end of the Second World War in the southern Black Forest and on the Upper Rhine in documentary reports by German, French and Swiss participants and those affected. Südkurier Verlag, Konstanz 1983, ISBN 3-87799-023-1 , p. 15.
  • August Vetter : Hüfingen under the Lords of Blumberg. In: Hüfingen. The former Brigobanne , important Alemannic settlement, former seat of power, Fürstenberg Oberamt and Baden official town, the artist town in the heart of the Baar. Hüfingen 1984.
  • Günther M. Walcz: Doggererz in Blumberg. The unusual fate of a city - a chapter in German mining history. Südkurier Verlag, Konstanz 1983, ISBN 3-87799-036-3 .

Remarks

  1. A list of costs for the staff with the annual salaries shows that after the bailiff with 47 florins the best-paid person was the countess's court master (40 florins), then the count's secretary with 35 florins, followed by two male and female nobles each 30 florins each, also the hunter and the carter. Armed men (pay and clothing) and cooks received 25 florins (E. Dargel, 84).
  2. K. Bader, p. 31. Only a year earlier, on March 8, 1634, the Küssaburg Castle on the Upper Rhine was set on fire by the imperial garrison there, fleeing from a Swedish task force. The castle was no longer built; Above all, gun technology was so advanced that the classic fortifications no longer made sense.
  3. The final consequence was missing: "From the Baar, when the feudalistic relic of the rulership of Prince von Fürstenberg had to be shaken off, a total of 200 men streamed to him [Hecker]" (Vollmer, 55).
  4. The authors, who found the use of electrical light to illuminate the material storage areas in photos, leave open why this type of lighting was not also used in the tunnels.
  5. After Blumberg had "lost the right to the designation 'city'" after the new municipal code came into force in 1935, it was "raised again to the rank of 'city" in October 1950 in accordance with the new Baden municipal code. "(A. Haußmann: Blumberg after 1948. In: J. Sturm: Blumberg. 1995, p. 274).
  6. Blumberg was 'raised' by the National Socialist economic policy as a place with 700 inhabitants to a mining town with 6,000 inhabitants and abruptly abandoned again in 1942. History: Doggererz AG .

Individual evidence

  1. State Statistical Office Baden-Württemberg - Population by nationality and gender on December 31, 2018 (CSV file) ( help on this ).
  2. B. Prillwitz and D. Reimer: Blumberg in old views. European Library - Zaltbommel / Netherlands 1998, introduction. ISBN 90-288-4730-8 .
  3. https://www.schwarzwaelder-bote.de/inhalt.blumberg-oeko-kleinod-wird-aufpoliert.be74792b-2813-4551-8bee-40e4990ddec8.html
  4. Bruno Morath: Fascination Wutach Gorge. In: Heimat am Hochrhein, Volume XXXVII, Yearbook 2012. Ed .: Landkreis Waldshut. Edition Isele, Eggingen 2011, ISBN 978-3-86142-538-0 , p. 45 f.
  5. ^ The state of Baden-Württemberg. Official description by district and municipality. Volume VI: Freiburg administrative region. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1982, ISBN 3-17-007174-2 , pp. 550-555.
  6. ^ Gerhard Kersting: flora and fauna. In: J. Sturm: Blumberg. 1995, p. 405.
  7. Peter Weinknecht: On the geology of Blumberg and its surroundings. In: J. Sturm: Blumberg. 1995, pp. 393 and 402.
  8. ^ André Bechthold: Middle Ages. in: J. Sturm: Blumberg , 1995, p. 42 f., mentions (note 100): August Vetter: Hüfingen under the Lords of Blumberg. In: Hüfingen. The former Brigobanne , important Alemannic settlement, former seat of power, Fürstenberg Oberamt and Baden official town, the artist town in the heart of the Baar. Hüfingen 1984, pp. 60-86.
  9. Richard Gertis: church history. In: J. Sturm: Blumberg. 1995, p. 277 f.
  10. Quotations in the chapter: R. Gertis: Church history. P. 289 ff. With reference to sources, u. a. Hans-Martin Maurer: The Peasants' War as a mass uprising , Stuttgart 1979 and Heinrich Hug Villinger Chronik , Ed .: Christian Roder , Tübingen 1883 and EAF (Archbishopric Archive Freiburg i. Br.) Ha 61/62 (visitations).
  11. ^ K. Bader: Herrschaft Blumberg. 1950, p. 27. Bader refers here and in the following to: Communications from the Prince. Fürstenberg Archive (Mitt.) , Volume I / II. (1894/1902). Also on G. Tumbüll, Das Fürstentum Fürstenberg , 1908, p. 100 f.
  12. ^ Eveline Dargel: Fürstenberg official city. In: J. Sturm: Blumberg. 1995, p. 82 f. The seal is also shown there.
  13. Quotations in the chapter: E. Dargel: Fürstenbergische Amtsstadt. P. 95. Sources there. Esp. : M. Wepfer, Chronicle, City Archives Schaffhausen.
  14. E. Dargel, 98 ff., Günter M. Walcz: Doggererz in Blumberg. 1983, p. 16 ff. Sources in the comprehensive collection of the FFA (Fürstl. Fürstenbergisches Archiv), Donaueschingen :, Bergwerksakten Blumberg Fasz. 2.
  15. ^ Franz X. Vollmer: The 48 revolution in Baden. In: Ed .: State Center for Political Education in Baden-Württemberg. Konrad Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart 1979, ISBN 3-8062-0213-3 , p. 39.
  16. Ursula Huggle: Blumberg from 1806 to 1918. In: J. Sturm: Blumberg. 1995, p. 131.
  17. ^ Dietrich Reimer and Bernhard Prillwitz: The Sauschwänzlebahn in the southern Black Forest. Sutton Verlag, Erfurt 2010, ISBN 978-3-86680-605-4 , pp. 7-15.
  18. Previous quote from: Manfred Bosch: When freedom went under. A documentation about refusal, resistance and persecution in the Third Reich in southern Baden. Constance 1985, p. 33 f. In: Thorsten Mietzner: Between Democracy and Dictatorship. In: J. Sturm: Blumberg. 1995, p. 195 ff. Quotes in the chapter.
  19. Göring on June 16, 1937 in front of representatives of the iron and steel industry, quoted by Wilhelm Treue: Memorandum (PDF file; 5 MB). P. 202.
  20. Quotes: G. Walcz: Doggererz. 1983.
  21. ^ Joachim Sturm: Sophie Scholl in Blumberg. In: J. Sturm: Blumberg. 1995, p. 232 ff.
  22. Inge Jens (Ed.): Hans Scholl. Inge Scholl. Letters and Notes. Frankfurt am Main 1984, p. 241. Source In: J. Sturm: Blumberg. 1995, p. 232 f.
  23. Post: Blumberg - A journey through pictures through the modern age. In: Sturm, 1995, pp. 431-445.
  24. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 494 .
  25. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 495 .
  26. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 517 .
  27. ^ History of the Scheffel School, accessed on October 19, 2018 ( Memento from December 6, 2013 in the Internet Archive ).
  28. Quotations: Richard Gertis: Blumberg, the church history. P. 298 ff. And Georg Herbstritt: Old Catholic Church. S. 317. In: J. Sturm: Blumberg. 1995.
  29. Municipality of Blumberg. In: alt-katholisch.de , accessed on May 25, 2017.
  30. Baden-Württemberg State Statistical Office: Results of the 2019 municipal council elections - City of Blumberg , accessed on March 31, 2020.
  31. ^ The mayor - political representative and head of administration. In: stadt-blumberg.de , accessed on July 13, 2017.
  32. ^ Eveline Dargel, Fürstenbergische Amtsstadt , 1995, p. 82 f.
  33. Jürgen Müller: Sale of the TRW valve division to Federal Mogul now perfect. In: Südkurier. February 11, 2015, accessed September 29, 2015 .
  34. ^ Bernhard Lutz: Internet hub in operation. Südkurier, August 30, 2018.
  35. ^ List of railway line operators . (Excel document; 52.1 kB) Federal Railway Office , July 6, 2017, accessed on July 13, 2017 .
  36. Kristina Hahn, Ulrike Schubart: Monastic manorial administration in southwest Germany. The Kellhof of Sankt Blasien in Blumberg-Fützen. In: Preservation of monuments in Baden-Württemberg. Volume 37, Issue 4, 2008, pp. 226-232 (= PDF-pp. 42-48). ( PDF; 19.0 MB ( memento of November 3, 2013 in the Internet Archive )).
  37. ^ Markus Friedrich : The Jesuits. Rise, decline, new beginning. Piper, Munich 2016, ISBN 978-3-492-05539-0 , p. 586.
  38. hon: Virus cannot stop the museum railway , Albbote, June 10, 2020.
  39. Bernhard Lutz: We are on the right track. (Interview with Mayor Markus Keller), Albbote, April 22, 2017.
  40. ^ Bernhard Lutz: Start of the season for Sauschwänzlebahn. Albbote, April 29, 2017, p. 28.
  41. Quotes from two articles by Bernhard Lutz: We are on the right track. (Conversation with Mayor Markus Keller), Albbote, April 22, 2017 and: The start of the season for Sauschwänzlebahn. Albbote, April 29, 2017.
  42. Gerald Edinger: More trains in the Wutachtal. Südkurier, November 17, 2018.