Pfahlbaumuseum Unteruhldingen
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| Data | |
|---|---|
| place | Uhldingen-Mühlhofen |
| Art |
Open-air archaeological museum
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| opening | 1922 |
| Number of visitors (annually) | 290,000 |
| operator |
Association for pile building and local history eV
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| management | |
| Website | |
| ISIL | DE-MUS-135215 |
The Pfahlbaumuseum Unteruhldingen is an archaeological open-air museum located on Lake Constance with an attached museum building in the municipality of Uhldingen-Mühlhofen in the Lake Constance district in Baden-Württemberg , which presents archaeological finds and replicas of pile villages from the Stone and Bronze Ages . It currently (2010) comprises 23 pile dwellings. A scientific research institute is attached to the museum. With up to 300,000 visitors annually, including more than 100,000 schoolchildren, it is one of the largest and best-visited open-air museums in Europe. As early as 1922, the year it was built, it had 6,000 visitors. In June 2011, the remains of numerous historical pile dwellings, including the Unteruhldingen-Stollenwiesen pile dwellings around 500 meters south of the museum , were added to the UNESCO World Heritage List .
museum
The museum comprises two main buildings, the so-called Old Museum and the New Museum . In the Altes Museum , the historical exhibition room, more than 1000 original finds from the pile dwellings on Lake Constance are shown as part of an exhibition on the World Heritage pile dwellings around the Alps .
History under Hans Reinerth
The Universum Film AG (UFA) was already rotating 1927/28 the film nature and love with stone-age performers in the backdrop of Pfahlbaumuseums. This was preceded by the documentary Pfahlbauten in Unteruhldingen from 1926/27. The old exhibition building was built in 1934 by the Association for Pile Building and Local History and shows original finds from the Stone and Bronze Ages.
The museum survived the Second World War despite the formal dissolution of the pile dwelling association in 1945, the occupation of the museum and the confiscation of the pile dwellings by French occupation troops. Moroccan soldiers made their homes in the open-air facility. However, permission to reopen was granted as early as June 1945, and the museum was repaired. The work of the pile dwelling association was suspended until it was resumed in 1950. The first chairman at the time was retired district administrator Rudolf Maier from Überlingen. Until 1990, under the direction of Hans Reinerth , the museum was called the Open-Air Museum of German Prehistory .
The pile dwelling museum since 1990
In 1990 Gunter Schöbel took over the management of the museum as museum director. In 1996, the New Museum , designed for disabled people, was opened, on the ground floor of which the entrance area with the museum shop and special exhibition areas are housed. The upper floor houses the scientific research institute, laboratory facilities, the model workshop, a library with around 30,000 books, as well as archives of documents and documents. The archives house documentation of around 108 excavations, 2,436 small models, a large photographic collection on 40 shelf meters of 22,000 glass plate negatives and 41,000 slides , and around 300,000 prehistoric finds. In 1999 the pile dwellings were partially inundated by the flood of the century, and at the beginning of March 2006 the museum had to be closed for the first time in its history due to snowfall.
Since the 1990s, the new museum management has been critically examining the history of the pile dwelling museum, especially its role during the National Socialist era. For example, Hans Reinerth's archive, which was kept under lock and key until 1990, was scientifically developed and cultural assets that had been abducted during the Second World War were returned. This includes over 700 books from libraries in Ukraine that have been returned to Kiev . In 2014, a collection of over 10,000 finds from archaeological excavations in Greece was returned to the National Archaeological Museum of Athens .
In April 2014 a new stone age course was set up in the open-air museum . Since then, the museum's educational events have been offered here. In the summer of 2014, the ARCHAEOLAB was opened , a new educational unit that teaches schoolchildren the importance of scientific methods in archeology.
facts and figures
From 1922 to 2013 over 13 million visitors visited the pile dwellings.
In 2013, the open-air museum was awarded the family-friendly facility for the second time by the Baden-Württemberg Tourism Association ("family vacation"). In June 2015 the museum received the Certificate of Excellence from the tourism platform TripAdvisor .
59 employees currently work for the museum.
Old Museum New Museum
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Reconstructions
The open-air museum comprises several reconstruction sections and has been rebuilt and expanded several times since the museum opened in 1922. The last time this happened was in 2014. ARCHAEORAMA was opened in May 2013 , a multimedia unit to convey the content of the new UNESCO World Heritage site on pile dwellings around the Alps . The ARCHAEORMA is part of a medium-term master plan of the museum, which should lead to the further development of the open-air museum.
The stone age houses in Riedschachen
The idea for the construction of these first two houses in Unteruhldingen was conceived by the chief executive Hermann Levinger , the city archivist Victor Mezger from Überlingen and the mayor of Unteruhldingen Georg Sulger and supported after a lecture given by Hans Reinerth in 1921 about the excavations at Federsee. For this reason, on March 12, 1922, the Association for Stilt Building and Local History eV was founded. He built the first two pile dwellings under the guidance of the Prehistoric Research Institute in Tübingen. A private collection with finds from the pile dwellings had previously been shown in Georg Sulger's private house from 1912.
The Riedschachen Stone Age houses are reconstructions of the Neolithic settlement of Riedschachen near Bad Schussenried and were built on stilts in the bank area according to the archaeological findings and the wishes of Unteruhldingen's mayor Sulger, as a reconstruction on the bank, which was the Reichsbahn site in 1922, was not possible and from the excavation There were indications of a raised construction. The Neolithic bog village around 4000 BC Was only shortly before archaeological research. The reconstruction was a collaboration between the Unteruhldinger Verein für Pfahlbau und Heimatkunde and the Prehistoric Research Institute in Tübingen.
When the Stone Age village of Sipplingen was built on the bank in 1938, the two houses were to be demolished. However, the outbreak of World War II prevented this.
47 ° 43 '32.8 " N , 9 ° 13' 38.7" E
The Bronze Age village of Bad Buchau
The platform-supported village of the Late Bronze Age settlement Bad Buchau are reconstructions from the period between 1923 and 1931, which were designed on the basis of the excavations of the Buchau moated castle (around 1050 BC) on the Federsee and under the direction of Hans Reinerth. As a platform-supported village, they no longer represent the current state of research, since the Buchau moated castle, the factually incorrect name was coined by Reinerth in 1928, is now viewed as a wetland settlement and not as a pile dwelling settlement . On Holy Saturday , April 17, 1976, a fire destroyed the Bronze Age pile dwelling village 1. It was only possible to reopen it the following year.
Today the platform includes three log houses and two houses with a woven clay wall. The houses are completely thatched. The idea of a continuous platform reflects the prevailing doctrine of pile dwellings in Central Europe in the 19th century. It shows the bronze caster's house with a freestanding furnace, the clan chief 's house redesigned in 2014 and equipped with a multimedia unit , the potter's house with a freestanding pottery furnace, the shepherd's house and a storehouse.
47 ° 43 '33.6 " N , 9 ° 13' 39.6" E
The Stone Age village of Sipplingen
The Stone Age village of Sipplingen is a lakeside settlement consisting of six stilt houses with a surrounding palisade. It was built between 1938 and 1940 based on the model of the excavations in front of Sipplingen on Lake Constance, a village from the Neolithic Age (around 3500 BC). With this reconstruction, the theory of the bank pile dwellings was implemented true to scale for the first time. The latest research in Arbon-Bleiche, for example, has now confirmed the pile construction method, which has long been controversial in the pile construction dispute.
Coming from the bank, you enter it through entrances and a palisade. The reconstruction shows the house of the fisherman and the potter. Following is the weaver's house, the house of the stone and wood carver. The center of the Stone Age village is the village hall, in which the pile-dwelling cinema has been set up since 2014, in which educationally valuable films on the subject of pile-dwelling are shown.
47 ° 43 '36.1 " N , 9 ° 13' 42.5" E
Hornstaad House and Arbon House
Both houses from 1996 and 1998 are reconstructions of Stone Age houses that were built for research reasons and as a long-term experiment to test the durability of such houses.
The Hornstaad-Haus has its historical origins in a Stone Age settlement (around 3912 BC) with around 40 houses in Hornstaad-Hörnle on the banks of the Hörispitze , which was destroyed by fire. It was excavated by the Baden-Württemberg State Monuments Office from 1980/1983 to 1993. The construction was a research work by three to four people who built this house made of wood, grass and clay for about two months. The research was primarily aimed at questions about the load-bearing capacity and durability of such a building. Subsequent occupation of the house by a museum employee was part of the experiment. The employee called "Uhldi" by visitors developed into a visitor magnet and lived in the house periodically. The experience reports were published in the club magazine Platform . In 2011 the house, which fell victim to a hurricane in 2009, was rebuilt.
The Arbon house was built according to the excavation results in the Stone Age settlement Arbon -Bleiche III in the canton of Thurgau (Switzerland). The house was originally built in 3376 BC. Built in 3370 BC and Destroyed by fire. According to the archaeological findings, the reconstruction was given a shingle roof made of silver fir boards up to two meters long and thus differs from the other houses in the museum, which are covered with reeds and grass.
Position: 47 ° 43 ′ 34 ″ N , 9 ° 13 ′ 43.7 ″ E
The Bronze Age village of Unteruhldingen
The Bronze Age village of Unteruhldingen-Stollenwiesen consists of five buildings and a palisade section, which deals with the topics of living and handicrafts, the environment and animals, as well as cult and religion. They were built between 1999 and 2002 as part of a European project. On an area of 400 square meters, an attempt was made to create an image of a Bronze Age village from around 3000 years ago with originally around 80 houses. 27 figures with their prehistoric equipment are evidence of lively trade relations as far as the salt and copper mines in the Alps and on to Italy. Cult and religion are shown in the so-called cult house, a house furnished with figures of gods made of wood, during a priestly evocation on the hearse of a wealthy person.
47 ° 43 '36 " N , 9 ° 13' 39.1" E
SWR stone age village
The previous houses were replaced in 2007 by the original houses of the television series Stone Age - The Experiment. Life expanded like 5000 years ago . The production of Südwestrundfunk in co-production with Bayerischer Rundfunk and in collaboration with the Pfahlbaumuseum Unteruhldingen, the Landesmuseum Schleswig, the Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg and the Freiburg University Medical Center , put 13 people back into the life of a clan for two months Neolithic. The film set, a faithfully reconstructed small pile dwelling village, was specially built for this purpose in Himmelreichmoos in Erbisreute-Fuchsenloch near Schlier ( Ravensburg district ) and then brought to Uhldingen. There the three stone age houses on the bank were rebuilt. In the houses there are educational units which serve to impart knowledge and which are used in particular for school classes.
47 ° 43 '35.5 " N , 9 ° 13' 45.3" E
Time path
Outside the Pfahlbaumuseum, the historical Zeitweg educational trail was built in 2005 , on which the history of the place can be traced at various points in Unteruhldingen.
Trademark rights
The term “ pile dwellings ” has been registered as a trademark with the German Patent and Trademark Office since June 4, 2004 , and the trademarks “Pfahlbau Museum”, “Verein für Pfahlbau- und Heimatkunde e. V. ”and“ Uhldi ”are protected. The owner of the word marks is the Verein für Pfahlbau- und Heimatkunde e. V.
Publications
Platform has been published since 1992 . Journal of the Association for Pfahlbau- und Heimatkunde e. V. Unteruhldingen ( ISSN 0942-685X ). The magazine is the successor to the Vorzeit-Hefte for Pre- and Early History, Folklore and Local Studies ( ZDB -ID 1175794-2 ) from 1988, whose predecessors were Vorzeit. Journal for prehistory and early history, folk research and local history ( ZDB -ID 505434-5 ) from 1963 and prehistory on Lake Constance. Announcements on the prehistory and early history and local history of the Lake Constance region ( ZDB -ID 505426-6 ) from 1952.
literature
- Guide to the museum . In: Series of publications by the Pfahlbaumuseum Unteruhldingen . No. 1 . Zanker, 2000, ISSN 0946-0519 .
- M. Kinsky, Gunter Schöbel : Learning place on pile dwellings . In: Series of publications by the Pfahlbaumuseum Unteruhldingen . No. 2 . Zanker, 2001, ISSN 0946-0519 .
- Hans Reinerth : The settlement of Lake Constance in the Middle Stone Age . In: Schumacher Festschrift for Karl Schumacher's 70th birthday . Mainz 1930, p. 91-95 .
- Hans Reinerth : pile dwellings on Lake Constance . Überlingen 1977.
- Helmut Schlichtherle : The archaeological find landscape of the Federsee basin and the Forschner settlement. Settlement history, research history and conception of the new investigations . In: The Early and Middle Bronze Age "Researcher Settlement" in the Federseemoor. Findings and dendrochronology (= settlement archeology in the Alpine Foreland XI; Forschungs. Ber. Vorund. Frühgesch. Baden-Württemberg 113 ). Theiss, Stuttgart 2009, ISBN 978-3-8062-2335-4 , pp. 9-70 .
- Gunter Schöbel : Museum history . In: Series of publications by the Pfahlbaumuseum Unteruhldingen . No. 3 . Zanker, 2002, ISSN 0946-0519 .
- Archaeological open-air museums in Europe. Publication by the European EXchange on Archaeological Research and Communication (EXARC) and the Pfahlbaumuseum Unteruhldingen . In: Series of publications by the Pfahlbaumuseum Unteruhldingen . No. 5 . Zanker, 1994, ISSN 0946-0519 , ZDB -ID 1499090-8 .
- Gunter Schöbel : The Uhldinger Zeitweg: 10,000 years of history around Unteruhldingen . In: Series of publications by the Pfahlbaumuseum Unteruhldingen . No. 6 . Zanker, 2005, ISSN 0946-0519 .
- Gunter Schöbel : Five pile dwellings in Lake Constance: For the reconstruction of a Bronze Age settlement . In: Erwin Keefer (Ed.): Living Past . Theiss, Stuttgart 2006, ISBN 3-8062-1889-7 , pp. 69-82 .
- Gunter Schöbel : From the Stone Age diary: Exhibition on television documentation . In: Series of publications by the Pfahlbaumuseum Unteruhldingen . No. 8 . Zanker, 2007, ISSN 0946-0519 .
- Rudolf Ströbel: The flint tools of the pile building culture . Kabitzsch, Leipzig 1939 (dissertation).
Online publication
- Carolin Kolhoff: chewing gum and old hats. Life on Lake Constance 6,000 years ago. In: Monuments Online: Magazine of the German Foundation for Monument Protection. November 2006, accessed January 26, 2016 .
See also
In 2018, a Bronze Age dugout boat in Wasserburg (near Lindau) was recovered (dugout canoe) in the eastern part of the lake .
Web links
- Official website of the Pfahlbaumuseum Unteruhldingen
- Pfahlbaumuseum Unteruhldingen on the website of the Center for Educational Media in the Internet eV (ZUM)
- Pages about the television documentary "Stone Age - The Experiment"
Individual evidence
- ↑ Showcase to the Stone Age . In: Südkurier of May 14, 2010.
- ↑ a b c Holger Kleinstück: Association for pile building and local history confirms board - number of guests in the open-air museum below 250,000. Fewer visitors in the “Year of Extremes” . In the Südkurier edition of November 15, 2007.
- ↑ During these excavations, scientific methods from botany and zoology came into play for the first time .
- ^ Maria Kühn-Ludewig: Displaced books: Return of books from two different perspectives: Articles and materials on the history of German libraries in the context of the Nazi era and the war . In: Laurentius special issue . Laurentius, Hanover 1999.
- ^ Thomas Wagner: Baden-Württemberg returns Nazi loot. Deutschlandfunk, June 18, 2014, accessed on January 4, 2016 .
- ↑ Flowers for the 13 millionth visitor 13 million visitors. In: Südkurier. June 21, 2012, accessed January 26, 2016 .
- ↑ Helmut Schlichtherle : The archaeological find landscape of the Federsee basin and the Forschner settlement. Settlement history, research history and conception of the new investigations . In: The Early and Middle Bronze Age "Researcher Settlement" in the Federseemoor. Findings and dendrochronology (= settlement archeology in the Alpine Foreland XI; Forschungs. Ber. Vorund. Frühgesch. Baden-Württemberg 113 ). Theiss, Stuttgart 2009, ISBN 978-3-8062-2335-4 , pp. 40-43 .
- ↑ Dendrochronological examinations of the woods showed a date between 3915 and 3910 BC. Chr.
- ↑ The Neolithic lakeside settlement Arbon Bleiche 3. (PDF) (No longer available online.) Thurgau Archeology Office, archived from the original on September 23, 2015 ; Retrieved September 3, 2014 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Georg Wex: Life like 5000 years ago . Südkurier.de, April 12, 2007.
- ↑ German Patent and Trademark Office, file number 303 55 957.8 / 41 of June 4, 2004
- ↑ Register number 30355957
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