Randental
| Randental | ||
|---|---|---|
 View from the Schleitheimer Randenturm to Schleitheim in the Randental. |
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| location | Canton of Schaffhausen , Switzerland | |
| Waters | Begginger Bach / Schleitheimer Bach | |
| Mountains | Beets | |
| Geographical location | 683 312 / 291 639 | |
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| height | 900 to 454 m above sea level M. | |
The valley in the canton of Schaffhausen / Switzerland , which lies between the heights of the Rand and the Wutach valley, is called the Randental . The valley populated with the two villages of Schleitheim and Beggingen is nameless on the official national maps. The population, the media, but also the authorities of both valley communities and the canton of Schaffhausen, however, regularly use the name Randental. The expressions Schleitheimertal or Beggingertal are rarely used for the valley .
The agricultural valley drops steeply from the two viewpoints Schleitheimer Randenturm and Hagenturm . It is drained by the Begginger Bach / Schleitheimer Bach . This flows into the Wutach at the border with Germany , which finally flows into the Upper Rhine .
From the main road 14 in Schleitheim a regional road branches off and opens the Randental. At Beggingen the road continues into German Fützen . The Randen crossing , which is still partly unpaved, is the shortest connection to the city of Schaffhausen . The regional transport company Schaffhausen RVSH “SchaffhausenBus” open up the Randental with line 21.
Historical mention
The Randental can be assumed as a uniformly existing territory defined as a fiefdom by a tradition that was published in 1880 for the 10th century. It is a report with the title The assignment of the Randental to Reichenau by Dr. Wanner , quoted here from the anthology Altes und Neues vom Randen , 1911, in the second edition after a first edition from 1880. The presentation of the report is narrative; The historically up-to-date information contained therein is assessed and cited here as being secured or deemed to be 'verifiable'.
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The period is described - about 20 years after the Hungarian invasion in 954 -; after the death of the Alemannic Count and Duke of Swabia, Burchard III. He had bequeathed his property to his wife Hadwig , who stayed at the shared residence in Twiel (the Hohentwiel ). In the background, the new rule of the Saxon emperor Otto the Great developed , who - in contrast to the Carolingians , who divided the empire among their sons - introduced the succession to the (eldest) son in order to keep the territory in one hand. At the same time Otto began to revoke the succession of his princes and dukes: If the ruler died, his territory fell to the emperor, who, regardless of the traditional succession in the noble family, appointed the new ruler - who of course could also be the family successor. But it was a question of power and favor.
In the case of Burchard, who remained without children, the Duchess Hadwig was supposed to take over the rule 'according to old custom' and she behaved like that. Ultimately, however, she could not receive the Duchy of Swabia from her deceased husband, but only the old Burchard family estate. The new Emperor Otto II appointed an ' Ottonen ' as the new Duke of Swabia. According to tradition, the “Randen Valley” was also part of the family estate that was left to the Hadwig.
The tradition
Tradition begins with a visit by Otto, which is historically secured with time and travel route and which the Reichenau abbot Rudiman (Ruodmann, 972–985) put in the mouth: “Emperor Otto, whom you call the great, has us when he is Returning from Italy in August 972, arriving in the Rhine Valley and the areas around Lake Constance and visiting St. Gallen , Kostnitz and our church here, promising the donation of the places Trichtolfingen, Engeldorf and Rustindorf, only death overtook the pious gentleman before his time . “Otto I died in 973.
The celebrations surrounding the death of Duke “Burkhard III” and the displeasure of the assembled nobility - including the “Bavarian Duke Heinrich” - about the new regulation of the transfer of power [under Otto II (973–983)] are then described. Heinrich: “The time of the dukes' independence is over. For the king the duchy is neither a hereditary fiefdom, nor does he make it dependent on popular election, but he sees in it only an imperial office which he grants according to free resolution and to which he is not willing to cede any privileges. "( Dr. Wanner, 36). The conflict between Otto II and the Bavarian Duke Heinrich II and the appointment of the Emperor's nephew Otto in 973 as the new Swabian Duke are historic.
This also speaks for the credibility of the statement that “apart from various smaller donations [..] only the hereditary property of her husband was left to the Duchess freely and without restrictions for administration. The Reichenau monastery owned the localities and valleys of Schleitheim , Beggingen , Brunthofen, Thalen, Schlatt and Grimmelshofen , once an estate of the Franconian Crown, but with the condition that the Duchess Hadewig was entitled to use it for the rest of her life. "( Dr. Wanner, 34).
This means that a peripheral valley with the abovementioned inventory, which at that time also included Grimmelshofen, is named.
State of the valley
After the death of Abbot Rudimann / Ruodmann [985], who, according to tradition, left the abbey in very bad condition, his successor “Wittigow” succeeded - his life as Witigowo (985–966) has been handed down as the innovator of the abbey - to preserve the valley from the Duchess Hadwig during her lifetime.
She had him called after "emissaries from Klett and Albgau villages" had visited her and described the state of her country, which was part of the Hadwig's heritage. The men tell the “Herr von der Au” about the time when “the wild Huns broke into our Gau, plundering, scorching, murdering.” It was probably possible to bring “women and children to the wastelands of the Black Forest” and after The surviving men followed them in vain resistance:
“We do not know whether they were overtaken and murdered by the madmen there, only a few have returned home from their hiding place. […] We are unable to rebuild our houses and to cultivate our fields and vineyards again. The church is in ruins, no priest preaches the word of God and the people return in unbelief and loose beings. "
Historical invasion of Hungary
The research assumes two Hungarian invasions along Lake Constance and the Upper Rhine in 926 and 954. In 926 the St. Gallen monastery was looted and destroyed, presumably also the Säckingen monastery . For the context of the present Randen tradition, this would be too early a point in time, and the St. Gallen monastery is also initially mentioned in the text as an 'acting actor'. So it was about the incursion in the year 954, which presumably also fell victim to the village of Swabia in the Rheinschleife near Rheinau and about which local traditions exist elsewhere.
The incursion in 954 was the last, because Emperor Otto I defeated the Hungarians with a newly deployed army in 955 in the battle on the Lechfeld . At this battle, Duke Burchhard III. took part. However, the haunted landscapes could not recover for decades and they were often held down by subsequent epidemics.
The abbot also sees the forced building of castles in the region as a danger - the promotion of this activity was also a measure of the Ottonians against the threat from the Hungarians. The following are named: The Lords of Krenkingen, von Stühlingen and the Lords of Küssaburg . Only the " Zürichgaugraf Manegold " [proven as: Manegold I., Count in Zürichgau (* around 940/50, † 991)], built a castle to protect the Randentalschaft ( Randenburg ). (Dr. Wanner, 53). Sooner or later the nobility would appropriate the still free but defenseless peasantry.
Transfer to Reichenau Monastery
The emissaries turned to 'their duchess' for help, but because of their disempowerment, she was unable to provide effective support: Based on this insight, she transfers the territories still assigned to her - here: “the wide, beautiful valley on the edge “Before her death and immediately to the Reichenau monastery. Witigow started the rebuilding - “Many of the refugees and dispersed valley dwellers returned to their homeland. From the surrounding destroyed villages, from the nearby Black Forest, new residents moved in and settled here permanently. ”In addition to Schleitheim,“ Beggingen and Grimmelshofen also emerged as villages again, while Thalen, Brunthofen and Schlatt only survived as individual farms. ”(Dr. Wanner, 56).
Reference to Juliomagus
The illustration also contains a reference to the former Roman city of Juliomagus :
“When the new buildings were constructed, the remains of earlier buildings were often found, which must have stretched an hour up the valley. Well-preserved fireplaces, beautifully inlaid colored floors, even marble slabs were uncovered and the Hofmeier explained that the remains of an ancient, perhaps even Roman, settlement were here. Some of the material found, such as door frames, steps, bricks with inscriptions, hewn sandstone slabs, stone well basins, was reused. In other places where the walls towered above the ground, but the location did not seem suitable for a new settlement, the same remained and it was left to time to continue the work of destruction gradually but surely. "
Remarks
- ↑ Otto's visit to the Pelagius Festival in the diocese of Constance on August 28, 972 is documented there.
- ↑ Verification of most of the information is beyond the possibilities, as the former were only mentioned later in documents - but then as already existing, sometimes powerful families.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Canton of Schaffhausen: Water Management Act
- ↑ Ed .: Friends of Local Lore: Old and New from Randen , Buchdruckerei JG Stamm, Schleitheim 1911. Personally named as editor: Anton Pletscher. In the preliminary remark, the reference to the first edition from 1880.