Fützen
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Fützen
Community Blumberg
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| Incorporation : | 1st January 1975 | |
| Postal code : | 78176 | |
| Area code : | 07702 | |
Location of Fützen in Baden-Württemberg |
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 Fützen and the viaduct (2016)
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Fützen (still 1715: Fuetzheim ) has been part of the town of Blumberg in the Schwarzwald-Baar district in Baden-Württemberg since 1975 . On the outskirts of the village, which is bypassed by the federal road 314 , there is a station of the historical Strategic Railway to bypass the Swiss area , which is also called the Wutach Valley Railway and today the "Sauschwänzle" Museum Railway .
location
Fützen is located in the already wide-opening valley basin on the road from Blumberg via Grimmelshofen to Stühlingen and further into the Klettgaulandschaft . To the north, the valley landscape is bordered by the Buchberg, to the east and south by the Randen Mountains and the nearby Swiss border, and to the west by the Wutach Gorge . In the south along the Wutach runs the connection to the village of Grimmelshofen and the city of Stühlingen . The passage is marked by the “Fützener Viadukt” of the Strategic Railway. The Fützener district extends from the lowest point at approx. 500 m above sea level. NN to the summit “Hoher Randen” at 924 m above sea level. NN. The village of Epfenhofen is in the neighborhood .
Locality
Today Fützen has about 785 inhabitants and a district of about 1807 hectares. There is an inn and a butcher's shop in the village, but no longer a grocery store. The multipurpose hall Buchberghalle exists at community facilities .
The townscape is shaped by buildings that indicate the importance of the place in earlier times, such as the "Old Town Hall". The dates of the first construction are unknown, originally there was a tavern below . Construction of the "new town hall" (1784–1788) with the establishment of classrooms (winter school mentioned before 1594, a schoolhouse had existed since 1700), rebuilt in 1902, burned down on April 26, 1945, the reconstructed new building was rebuilt in 1951.
Fützen is represented by a seven-member local council, Georg Schloms is the mayor and city councilor in Blumberg.
Religious communities
A Catholic pastor from Fützen was named early on, who "provided temporary assistance until 1655" for the Blumberg parish, which was vacated soon after the Thirty Years' War, with the Riedöschinger pastor. For centuries the Catholic parish was independent, it was only assigned to Blumberg after the Second World War.
The old Catholics of the region took their affairs into their own hands in 1934: "The four parishes of Blumberg, Epfenhofen, Fützen and Kommingen came together to build their own rectory in Blumberg and their own church in Fützen."
After the Second World War, the Evangelicals from Fützen belonged to the evangelical parish of Blumberg as in other parishes.
Natural space
In the literature on the Wutach Gorge , particular reference is made to the natural area of the Wutachfluchten on the Fützener side - with rock towers, rare "alpine plants of the shady ravines and rubble heaps" and still pristine forest that "reflects the local conditions [sic.]."
history
Early days
A find on the boundary to Grimmelshofen points to settlement in the early days: From the Roman period (1st to 4th century AD), a villa rustica has been handed down from Fützen, Gewann Schlattereck . It is partly on Swiss territory. [...] The site has been known since 1825 at least. [...] "Heinrich Schreiber reports [around 1850]" that 'foundations of a Roman building with facing panels and large ledge bricks' were discovered and pieces of metal and silver pieces thicker than groschen with heads came to light. "It is unclear whether the Roman Army road from Juliomagus to Brigobanne (Hüfingen) led through the basin and Fützen. There was definitely a connection to the villa near Fützen. After the withdrawal of the Romans populated Alemanni the region and for this purpose there is a tradition: "In Fützen 'the forecourt of Jacob Meister's new house while digging' were 'several graves with skeletons, swords, knives and jewelry' found after a report of 1848 . The Württemberg captain Lieb, who was in the parish in Fützen in 1848, had soldiers from his company dig. A spathe , a shield hump, a lance tip with a lance shoe, remnants of spores 'only ever on one foot', knives, buckles and pieces of jewelry were recovered. Most of the finds are lost, but some pieces are exhibited in the Württemberg State Museum in Stuttgart. ” The finds are interpreted as Merovingian , i. That is, they come from the Franconian conquerors of the Alamanni (after the end of the 5th century).
Middle Ages and Modern Times
1083 first documented mention and naming of a family as "Lords of Vuezen" (12th / 13th century). The place name is traced back to the martyr and church patron Vitus and developed further via Vitshem, Vitsheim, (document 1433: Fietsheimb), Phiezen, Fiezen zu Fützen. The first mention of Fützen takes as a starting point “the handwritten notes of Father Ambrosius Eichhorn, who was pastor in Fützen from 1797 to 1799. In 1883, S. Pletscher from Schleitheim published these handwritten records in his publishing house. "
“In old documents, the place appears for the first time in 1083, January 4th (Gerb. Hist. Silv. T III p 73), since Pope Innocentius II confirmed the goods of the St. Georgen monastery near Villingen , under which the third part of the village of Fützen is counted: Tertiam partem villae Phiezen. - Later, in 1179, March 28th, in a bull by Pope Alexander III. (Neugart Codex dpl. Alem. THp 105), where again the third part of the village of Fützen together with the church is attributed to the abovementioned monastery (St. Georgen): Tertiam partem villae Fuezen cum Ecclesia, from which it is clear that Fützen had to have a parish church at least back then to have. It is not yet known where the other two parts of this patch belonged. "
The Lords of Fützen
It is also unknown "how and in what way Fützen became a village of the Blumegg Lordship and came into the possession of the Lords of Blumegg." Blumegg Castle is first mentioned in 1292 in the possession of a family member of the Lords of Blumberg .
“The last member of the von Blumegg family was Gregor Gaudenz von Blumegg. This family died out with him. "
“A few years before his death, he sold his domain in 1366 to Egloff von Wollfurth. Ulrich von Wolffurth, a descendant of Egloff von Wollfurth, then sold the Blumegg estate to Friedrich von Friedingen. But the dominion of Blumegg, to which the villages of Blumegg with Burg, Dillendorf, Fützen, Grimmelshofen, Lausheim, Ewattingen, Aselfingen, Opferdingen and Eschach belonged, did not remain in the possession of the Lords of Friedingen for long . Friedrich von Friedingen sold the rulership of Blumegg in 1432 to the imperial monastery of St. Blasien. “But in 1436, the then abbot Nikolaus von St. Blasien again sold this rulership to the nobles of Hallwyl (also written Hallwil) for 12,712 guilders .
The village of Fützen now belonged "from 1448 to 1806 to the Free Imperial Monastery of St. Blasien without interruption." During the Middle Ages, changing monastic rule and long disputes over property between the city of Schaffhausen and the Stühlinger Landgraves .
The historical traffic situation of the village from the heights of the Swabian Alb down to the Rhine bank landscape of Klettgau offered the advantages of a 'through station'; However, the settlement was also regularly the victim of troop raids - the looting in the Thirty Years' War in 1634 when a Swedish commando under Schaffalitzky moved through to Küssaburg , whose crew is said to have set fire to their own fortress, is reported.
1722 final takeover by the monastery of St. Blasien .
The Antonius Chapel was built by the community after the Seven Years War (1756–1763).
Marktstätte
Fützen was not only a court venue, but also a marketplace in the Middle Ages (first notarized on July 18, 1561) and the right to 'change coins' was associated with it.
“Usually it (was) customary that other currencies were valid in the [surrounding] territories. [...] Peasants and day laborers who came from outside to 'the fair and the market' (had to) change their coins first. For this purpose, a man had been appointed who had set up a bank on the market and exchanged currencies there. If a man came to the market from outside [...], he said before he went to the stalls with his wife: wait a moment, I have to go to the bank first ! "
The market rights - in particular "to give permission to 'set up the stands and collect the stall fee'" - remained undiminished until 1806, probably because St. Blasien and Schaffhausen were both interested in the transshipment point ("also cattle in large quantities") . Despite multiple disputes about the "standing right" (and its income) "the St. Blasien church never allowed this right to be restricted or even taken away."
"Until the dissolution of the Free Reichsstift Sankt Blasien by secularization (1806) [...] Fützen came to the Bonndorf district office , which had been converted into a Baden district office by the Rent and Sanktblasian government offices [...]".
Strategic path
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The construction of the Strategic Railway from 1887 to 1890 meant a leap from traditional, agricultural conditions into the modern world for the village: Although the locals did not prove to be 'capable' railway workers, the families earned very well from billeting and catering for the mostly foreigners , mostly Italian workers.
Fützen owned a station on the Strategic Railway, which today functions as a station for the museum railway.
20th century
Major fire on October 7, 1910. The fire broke out in the “Hirschen” inn. Due to the “unpredictable easterly wind” it spread to another 14 buildings on both sides of the main street, which were destroyed down to their foundations. Visit and promise of aid by Grand Duke Friedrich I of Baden .
In April 1945, when a remnant of the 19th German Army retreating through the Black Forest stubbornly defended the place against the French troops pushing in to shield an attempt to break through from the basin towards Lake Constance and Allgäu, hand-to-hand fighting broke out in the village. Then 16 houses were burned and almost all the others and the church tower were badly damaged. The vaulted cellars of some buildings meant that among the residents, some of whom had fled to the Swiss border, the number of victims remained relatively low, with three dead and several injured.
In 1946 a gypsum works with a plant with tunnel construction was founded. Gypsum mining has been documented since 1795. After the gypsum distillery was closed in 1974 "the building was demolished after closure in 1977"
After long reluctance, Fützen was incorporated into the municipality of Blumberg on January 1, 1975 at the end of the Baden regional reform.
From 1985 the townscape was renewed as part of the state development program : Realization of sewage treatment plants, sewers and collectors, renovation of numerous buildings according to four maintenance categories, development of the new building area "Ob der Kapellengasse II", preservation of historical structures, traffic development, nature conservation (completed in 1990).
Construction of the bypass road ( B 314 ) began in 1986 and was completed in 1994.
Beginnings of church life in Fützen
The first written mention of a church in Fützen can be found in 1179. However, this church - probably a chapel - existed much earlier, as the village was already called Vitusheim at that time. What is certain, however, is that the Fützen community and its clergy were in close contact with the St. Georgen monastery at that time. It is documented that in 1594, by resolution of the parish of Fützen, the parish and the St. Blasien monastery, to whose sphere of influence the parish now belonged, the old church was demolished in order to build a new, larger one at the same place. The current building dates from the years 1750–1755. Badly damaged in 1945.
The parsonage (then monastery courtyard) has existed since the early Middle Ages. First documented report of the construction of a "new rectory" in 1618, renovated around 1717 and fundamentally rebuilt and expanded in 1765–1768.
Since 1448 Fützen belonged to the dominion of the St. Blasien monastery. This meant that the monastery was also responsible for appointing priests for the parish. In addition to pastoral work, they also had to raise the level of education of the citizens. Schoolmasters took on this task in winter schools. In addition, the clergy were on the lookout for talented boys who were sent to St. Blasien after training in the rectory. There, the suitability of the candidates for further studies was determined and, if the requirements were met, they were allowed to study at the monastery’s expense. The students were not obliged to study theology in a monastery school, but instead encouraged them to study medicine, law, etc. at a university if they were interested. In this way, some of the citizens of Fützen achieved high offices and titles.
Personalities from Fützen
- Martin I, Abbot of St. Blasien, came from the Meister family, which according to legend used to be called Fischer. In the coat of arms he led a fish with a mill wheel.
- Conrad Gleichauf von Fützen received the honorary position of an Imperial and Royal Council and was raised to the nobility with the title "von Gleichenstein".
- Adam Meister was a professor at the University of Freiburg (law) from 1606 to 1633.
- Michael Gleichauf, son of the barber von Fützen, studied surgery in Munich.
- Antoni Meister studied theology in Salzburg and Vienna around 1800 with the support of the St. Blasien Monastery.
Remarks
- ↑ The source reference does not refer to an archival reference to the document, but to a mention of the document by the St. Blasian Prince Abbot Gerbert in his History of the Black Forest . The former district archivist of the Schwarzwald-Baar district, Dr. Joachim Sturm, pointed out in his lecture on the 925 anniversary of Fützens, 2008, that the certificate no longer exists.
- ↑ There is a contradiction here to the information given in the Chronicle of the Lords of Blumberg: The Blumegger family only died out a century after the last Blumberger (1457). It seems possible that the family did not die out with Gregor Gaudenz, but the latter sold his rule in the 14th century. See the following continuation with Willimski.
- ↑ In Willimski, p. 4: “The Lords of Friedingen had sold their territory to the Reichsstift St. Blasien in 1432 , because in 1429/30 the Duke of Urslingen, Ludwig von Blumegg, Conrad Suevelin, and Bernlapp troops von Zähringen and Friedrich vom Haus had invaded their domain. [...] The knights invaded the territory with their brushwood, trampled the fields with their horses and set the houses on fire. Also in Fützen. ”The Hallwylers, who had bought the territory in 1436, feared a repetition of the feud and in 1448 sold the rule again to monasteries: half to St. Blasien and half to Reichenau monastery. In 1457 it was completely taken over by the St. Blasien Monastery.
Web links
- (Website Blumberg): About Fützen
- (Website Blumberg): History
- (Website Blumberg): History of the parish
literature
- Paul Willimski: Fützen over time. Published by the municipality of Blumberg, 1981.
- Joachim Sturm: The History of the City of Blumberg. Dold-Verlag, Vöhrenbach 1995, ISBN 3-927677-06-X . At your service with the authors: Verena Nübling, Richard Gertis, Georg Herbstritt, Gerhard Kersting.
- Hermann Riedel: Stop! Swiss border! Verlag des Südkurier, Konstanz 1983, ISBN 3-87799-023-1 .
- Brunhilde Wild b. Tied: Fützen. Contemporary witnesses remember (1939 to 1945). Recorded (self-published), Dietrich Reimer archive, Blumberg. Detailed description of the last days of the war.
- Heinz Wegmann: Fützen. Portrait of a community. Special supplement to Südkurier , 1986.
- Bernhard Prillwitz: Blumberg - Legends and Stories, 2000.
- Franziska Milbich-Münzer: Fützen emigrants, October 2010.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Entry on a map of the Schaffhausen area by Benjamin Krenckel, Augsburg, around 1715. Illustration in: Richard Gertis: Blumberg, die Kirchengeschichte. In: Joachim Sturm: The history of the city of Blumberg. Dold-Verlag, Vöhrenbach 1995, p. 285.
- ↑ (Website Blumberg): About Fützen .
- ↑ Richard Gertis: Blumberg, church history. In: Sturm: Blumberg. 1995, p. 278.
- ^ Georg Herbstritt: The old Catholic community. In: Sturm: Blumberg. 1995, p. 314.
- ^ Gerhard Kersting: flora and fauna. In: Sturm: Blumberg. 1995, p. 417.
- ↑ Verena Nübling: Pre and early history of the Blumberg area. In: Sturm: History of the City of Blumberg. 1995, p. 17. With site plan of the Roman villa.
- ↑ Verena Nübling: Pre- and early history. In: Sturm: Blumberg. 1995, p. 20 f. (With illustration of the find).
- ^ Paul Willimski: Fützen in the course of time. Ed. Stadtgemeinde Blumberg, 1981, p. 4, marked as a carryover from the Eichhorn transcript.
- ↑ Willimski cites a document in the General State Archives in Karlsruhe as the source : GLA Ka 229/30730, probably around 1700.
- ^ Paul Willimski: Fützen. 1981, p. 126.
- ^ Willimski: Fützen. P. 33.
- ↑ Brunhilde Wild b. Tied: Fützen. Contemporary witnesses remember (1939 to 1945). Recorded (self-published), Dietrich Reimer archive, Blumberg. Detailed description of the last days of the war.
- ↑ After: Heinz Wegmann: Fützen. Portrait of a community. Special supplement to Südkurier , 1986, pp. 19, 5 and 2.
- ↑ (website Blumberg): History of the parish .