Way of the pilgrims of St. James

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The Way of the St. James pilgrims is a system of signposted and described in guides to St. James trails that lead across Europe to Santiago de Compostela . As a rule, they are based on the historically verifiable routes of medieval St. James pilgrims, but also allow an undisturbed pilgrimage away from the busy motorways. In 1987 the Council of Europe made the routes of the pilgrims of St. James in Europe the first European cultural route ( Council of Europe Cultural Route ). Efforts to restore the road network were also recognized by UNESCOHonored: In 1993 the Camino Francés and in 1998 the four main French routes of the pilgrims to St. James were granted the status of a World Heritage Site . A prerequisite for this recognition was the mention in the Liber Sancti Jacobi of the 12th century.

Way of the pilgrims of St. James
Santiago de Compostela Cathedral

Route descriptions

Way of the pilgrims of St. James in Spain

Camino Francés

The Iron Cross ( Cruz de Ferro ) in front of Ponferrada, where many pilgrims place a symbolic worry stone

The creation of the Camino Francés , the classic Way of St. James from the Pyrenees to Santiago, dates back to the first half of the 11th century. Since the 11th century, the rulers of all Christian empires in northern Spain tried to attract settlers from France by granting them freedom rights, privileges and tax exemptions in order to equip the Camino Francés with market settlements. The name Camino Francés , first documented in Astorga in the 12th century , refers to these settlers. From around 1050 onwards, hospital foundations by kings, princes, clergymen, monks and knight orders increased. Around 1130, hospitals seem to have existed along the Camino Francés at intervals of about 15 kilometers . From the 14th century, the charitable infrastructure was further consolidated by private or fraternal foundations of smaller hostels.

The Camino Francés begins at the Pyrenees passes of Somport ( Aragon ) and Roncesvalles ( Navarra ), from where two strands lead to Puente la Reina (Navarra). From there the route leads via Burgos , León and Astorga to Santiago de Compostela. The trail is also marked as the Spanish GR-65 long-distance hiking trail .

Via de la Plata and Camino Mozárabe

Another route, the Via de la Plata , has Roman origins and linked the ports of Asturias with southern Spain. In its approx. 900 km long course it led from Gijón to Seville via Oviedo , Pola de Lena , León , Astorga , Benavente , Zamora , Salamanca , Béjar , Plasencia , Cáceres , Mérida , Almendralejo , Zafra and Santa Olalla del Cala . The word Plata, on the other hand, does not come from the Spanish word for "silver", as one might think, but goes back to the expression Bal'latta , which means something like "broad paved path". The name de la Plata probably comes from the Roman flagstone pavements from the time of the emperors Tiberius , Trajan and Hadrian , which have been preserved in around 7% of the street.

Until the Arab invasion, the Vía de la Plata was the main connecting route between the south and the north of the Iberian Peninsula. It is uncertain whether the road was used as a pilgrimage route after the reconquest of Seville (1248) during the Reconquista . In any case, in recent years it has been designated as the Camino de Santiago between Seville and Astorga and is increasingly used by pilgrims. The Vía de la Plata is also known as the GR-100 (one of around 120 Spanish long-distance hiking trails ).

The Camino Mozárabe starts in Córdoba and meets the Via de la Plata in Mérida . From there to Granja de Moreruela (about 40 km north of Zamora) it is a single path. In Granja de Moreruela the Camino Mozárabe branches off westwards and leads in a general north-westerly direction via Ourense to Santiago de Compostela. (It is therefore incorrect, but customary, to refer to the Seville – Santiago route via Ourense as Via de la Plata.) The route from Seville is the route to St. James. In Granja de Moreruela, some pilgrims choose the path leading north to Astorga, which meets the Camino Francés there, while others follow the path through southern Galicia via Ourense to Santiago. Both trails are perfectly marked.

Scheme of the so-called "Mozarabic" routes to Santiago de Compostela

The Via de la Plata and the Camino Mozárabe have been used more frequently since the 1990s . However, there are still comparatively few pilgrims who choose these paths.

Camino de la Costa / Camino del Norte - The coastal path and the northern path

Coastline near Liendo-Cantabria

The Camino de la Costa coastal path begins on the French-Spanish border near Hendaye (Basque: Hendaia ) at the “Puente De Santiago” bridge. Here the Camino de Santiago is not as well developed as in Galicia. You still have to look for the yellow arrows, instead of making a pilgrimage to monoliths with the scallop shell and kilometer indication, as in Galicia.

The coastal path crosses the Spanish regions of the Basque Country , Cantabria , Asturias and Galicia . The Camino de la Costa crosses the villages: Hendaye , San Sebastián / Donostia , Zarautz , Deba , Marquina , Xemein , Gernika , Bilbao , Portugalete , Onton , Castro Urdiales , Islares , Laredo , Noja , Santander , Santillana del Mar , San Vicente de la Barquera , Comillas , Unquera-Bustio , Llanes , San Esteban , Ribadesella , Sebrayo , Vega de Sariego , Gijón , Avilés , Soto de Luiña , Cadavedo , Luarca , La Caridad , Almuna-Luarca , Tapia de Casariego .

From San Vicente de la Barquera you can take a detour to Potes , to the Santo Toribio de Liébana monastery . Most of the cross of Christ is kept here as a relic . Along with Jerusalem , Rome , Santiago de Compostela and Le Puy, this monastery is one of the few places of pilgrimage with the privilege of a Holy Year . 2006 was such a holy year for Santo Toribio. Also noteworthy on this route are the old pre- Romanesque buildings of the Asturian Romanesque from the 9th century, which are located near Oviedo . From Oviedo it is also possible to continue on the Camino Primitivo (see there).

From the bridge in Ribadeo , the coastal path is also called the Camino del Norte . Further along the way are the villages: Gondán ( Barreiros ), Vilanova de Lourenzá , Mondoñedo , Abadín , Vilalba , Baamonde and Sobrado dos Monxes . In Arzúa it goes over to the French way to Santiago de Compostela.

The origin of this pilgrimage along the Asturian-Galician coast to Santiago de Compostela goes back to the discovery of the Apostles' grave around 820. The paths of the former Kingdom of Asturias were among the first pilgrims used to make a pilgrimage to Santiago. Before the monarchs promoted the French Way as the main route in the 11th and 12th centuries to connect the Christian kingdoms of the north, the coastal route enjoyed a similar popularity as the other "original" pilgrimage routes. After the recapture ( reconquista ) of large areas in the north of the Iberian Peninsula by the Christians of the coastal path gradually lost its importance.

Camino Vasco del Interior

The Camino Vasco del Interior runs from the French-Spanish border town of Irun , where it separates from the Camino de la Costa , through the interior of the Basque Country to Santo Domingo de la Calzada , where it merges with the Camino Francés . Stages on this route are Irun, Andoain , Beasain , Zalduondo , Vitoria-Gasteiz , La Puebla de Arganzón , Briñas and Santo Domingo de la Calzada. The path crosses the Aitzkorri mountain range between Beasain and Zalduondo through the San Adrián tunnel .

Camino Inglés

The Camino Inglés begins on the one hand in Ferrol and on the other in La Coruña. The (well-marked) path leads from both cities to Betanzos and from there southwards to Santiago de Compostela. The approximately 100 km long route was previously used by the English who landed in the cities mentioned. Today there are only a few pilgrims who go the "English way".

Camino Primitivo

This oldest part, dating from the 9th and 10th centuries, represents an almost forgotten link between the coastal path and the classic Camino Francés . Its importance was soon overtaken by the Camino de la Costa and the Camino del Norte , and later by the Camino Francés only occasionally used as an alternative route. A few years ago the 228 km long route was extensively signposted and provided with hostels thanks to the commitment of the Jacobean Society of Oviedo and with the support of the Asturian government.

The Camino Primitivo leads from Oviedo via Grado , Salas , Tineo , Lago , Grandas de Salime , Fonsagrada and Castro Verde to Lugo . Various passes with a height of up to 1200 m are crossed. From Lugo a feeder of 49 km leads via San Román near Melide onto the Camino Francés . You can also go via Santa Eulalia de Bóveda to Sobrado dos Monxes (56 km) and from there take the last part of the northern path.

Camino Catalan

The Camino Catalán (also Ruta Catalana ) is the name of the Camino de Santiago through Catalonia. It branches off from Via Tolosana in Perpignan and leads via Barcelona and Lleida towards Logroño, where it joins the Camino Francés.

Camino de Madrid

The Camino de Madrid (also Ruta Jacobea de Madrid ) connects the Spanish capital Madrid with the Camino Francés . It runs over a length of 354 kilometers from Madrid via Valladolid to Sahagún , where it meets the Camino Francés .

Camino de Invierno

The Camino de Invierno (Way of Winter) is a pilgrimage route to Santiago de Compostela, which has been documented since the 12th century and was used to bypass the Cebreiro mountain range, which is hardly passable in the winter months . The route leaves the Camino Francés in Ponferrada and joins the Camino Sanabrés near Lalín . This route is intended to relieve the last 100 kilometers of the Camino Francés.

View from the walls of Valença over the Rio Minho to Tui

Way of the pilgrims in Portugal

Two well-known Camino de Santiago lead through Portugal. The coastal route, the Caminho Português , starts in Lisbon and leads north via Coimbra and Porto to Galicia. Between Porto and Tui , the route crosses the Rio Lima and Rio Minho rivers . The Minho is the border river between the two opposing cities Valença (Portugal) and Tui ( Spain ). The last thing to be crossed is the Rio Ulla at Padrón . The distance from Porto to Santiago is 232 kilometers, 117 kilometers of which are on the Portuguese section and 115 kilometers on the Galician route. Experience has shown that the rush of pilgrims on Spanish soil is much greater than in Portugal, as many Spanish pilgrims only begin their pilgrimage in Tui . Accordingly, the pilgrimage hostels in Galicia are full.

The Via Lusitana , located further inland in Portugal, leads from Vila Real de Santo António in the south of Portugal via Lamego , Chaves and the Galician Ourense to Santiago.

Way of the pilgrims of St. James in France

Saint-Guilhem-le-Désert
Saint-Guilhem-le-Désert

The pilgrim guide in the 5th book of the Codex Calixtinus (12th century) names four ways of St. James, which start in Paris ( Via Turonensis ), Vézelay ( Via Lemovicensis ), Le Puy ( Via Podiensis ) and Arles ( Via Tolosana ) or to come together to the Pyrenees . At its routing numerous tombs of saints were so St. Martin in Tours , St. Hilary in Poitiers and St. Eutropius in Saintes on the Via Turonensis , St. Leonhard in Saint-Leonard-de-Noblat and St. Front in Périgueux on the Via Lemovicensis , St. Fides in Conques at Via Podiensis or St. Giles in St. Gilles and St. Saturninus in Toulouse at the Via Tolosana . These routes were valid for centuries. In addition, a dense network of other routes developed. A pilgrimage map by the graphic artist Daniel Derveaux from 1975 records the French ways according to the research of the long-time president of the French James Society, Marquis Renè de la Coste-Messelière .

On this basis, the French Way of St. James has been revitalized as long-distance hiking trails - "Sentiers de Grand Randonnée" (GR) - for several years. The GR 65 leads from Geneva via Le Puy to Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port and corresponds in the first part to the Via Gebennensis to Le Puy , and from Le Puy to the Via Podiensis . From Namur the GR 654/6542 ( Via Lemovicensis ) leads via Reims , Vézelay and Limoges to Montréal-du-Gers , where it meets the Via Podiensis . The newly established GR 655 runs from Tours along the Via Turonensis via Poitiers and Saintes to Mirambeau . In Arles, the Via Tolosana begins as a continuation of the path coming from Geneva through the Rhone Valley and the path that followed the Italian Riviera and the French Côte d'Azur ( Voie aurélienne ) or the Voie domitienne coming from the Col de Montgenèvre . The path runs westwards via Montpellier and Toulouse , from there southwards via Auch and Oloron-Sainte-Marie and on over the Col du Somport to Jaca , and from there again westwards, as Camino aragonés , to Puente la Reina , where it joins the Camino Francés meets.

In Alsace , a Way of St. James leads from Wissembourg via Strasbourg and Thann to Belfort .

In Franche-Comté , the path continues to Gy , where it either continues in the direction of Vézelay or via Dole and Cluny in the direction of Le Puy .

The Way of St. James in Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg

The routes of the pilgrims to St. James in Belgium ran either from the Low German assembly point Aachen or from the large Flemish trading cities of Bruges , Ghent and Antwerp in a southerly direction to northern France and Paris, where they ended in the Via Turonensis. The Servite monk Hermann Künig from Vacha described the route from Aachen to Paris in Sant Jacobs Straß in 1495 and called it Niederstraße . Today there are two signposted trails in Belgium, which are described in "Topo-Guides du Sentier":

  • The "Via Gallia Belgica" from Hélécine via Marolles and Nivelles to Saint-Quentin , which connects the two capitals Brussels and Paris.
  • The “Via Mosana” as a continuation of the Rhenish paths in the Meuse valley. It leads from Aachen via Liège and Huy to Namur , where it connects to the northern French route GR 654/6542 to Vézelay.

In the Netherlands there is a path along the Meuse , which was opened in 2004 as a joint Dutch-German project. It leads from Millingen am Rhein via Goch , Kevelaer , Venlo , Roermond , Maaseik and Maastricht to Liège, where it connects to the "Via Mosana". The historical trade route on the eastern bank of the Meuse was the basis for the routing.

Pilgrims from Northern Europe also crossed what is now Luxembourg in the Middle Ages . Some finds, such as a scallop shell in a grave in Grevenmacher , attest to this. Coming from Aachen and Trier , the medieval pilgrims probably followed the old Roman routes in the direction of Arlon , Reims and Metz , including the historical pilgrimage routes Via Podiensis (starting from Le-Puy-en-Velay), Via Turonensis (Orléans), and Via Lemovicensis (Vézelay). The way leads past where the Jacobean cult was cultivated in Luxembourg. Examples are Münschecker , Roodt-sur-Syre , the Jakobsberg “Jokesbierg” near Bech . Well-known pilgrimage sites such as the grave of St. Willibrordus in Echternach or the pilgrimage sites that have only emerged in modern times, such as the cathedral of Luxembourg , were also connected to the path .

Way of the Pilgrims of St. James in Great Britain

In Great Britain , the Confraternity of St. James (London) is responsible for researching the pilgrimage routes to Santiago de Compostela. First she reconstructed the pilgrimage route from Droitwich , Worcestershire to Bristol , the south-west English port city across from the south coast of Wales .

The most important port where the pilgrims to La Rochelle , Bordeaux or A Coruña embarked was Southampton on the English south coast. A well-traveled pilgrimage route, which is signposted again today, leads there from London .

Another, longer pilgrimage route was signposted from London via Canterbury to Dover , where you can cross over to Calais . This route was already described in the 14th century by Geoffrey Chaucer in his Canterbury Tales .

Way of the pilgrims in Italy

The most important pilgrimage route in Italy is the Via Francigena , which has been used both by pilgrims to Rome and to Santiago de Compostela. This road was first mentioned by Sigerico , Archbishop of Canterbury, who traveled from Canterbury to Rome in 79 days in 990 . The road is to the Franks, i.e. H. French named who were en route to Rome on this route. In a northerly direction it takes the following course from Rome: Rome, Viterbo , Siena , San Gimignano , Lucca , Pontremoli , Parma , Piacenza , Pavia , Vercelli , Aosta Valley , Great St. Bernhard . Santiago pilgrims turned towards Genoa to find the "Via Tolosana" in Arles.

In addition to pilgrims and merchants, the road was also used by the Roman-German kings who rode to Rome for the imperial coronation . The Via Francigena was therefore one of the most important communication routes in medieval Europe.

In 1994 the Via Francigena was solemnly named "European Cultural Route" by the Council of Europe, following the example of the Camino de Santiago . The route was signposted in time for the Holy Year 2000 in Rome.

Way of the St. James pilgrims in Switzerland

Signs for Via Jacobi in Switzerland leading away from Santiago
View from the pilgrim's footbridge to Rapperswil-Jona , left the Seedamm (September 2006)
St. Meinrad Chapel on the Etzelpass on the Way of St. James

The Schwabenweg leads through Switzerland from Constance via Fischingen (TG), the Tösstal in the Zurich Oberland to Rapperswil-Jona . There or on the Etzelpass it unites with the St. Galler Weg , formerly called Appenzeller Weg . The St. Galler Weg welcomes pilgrims coming from Munich via Lindau or Bregenz. From Bregenz the route leads via St. Margrethen to Rorschach . This is where the pilgrims come from Lindau. The pilgrimage route continues to St. Gallen , Herisau and St. Peterzell . This is where the Appenzeller Weg joins . It opened on May 1, 2008. The path begins in Rankweil in Vorarlberg and leads via Oberriet , Appenzell , Jakobsbad and Urnäsch . From St. Peterzell the route continues to Wattwil , Neuhaus SG . From Neuhaus there are two variants. One leads via Rapperswil , the other via Schmerikon and Lachen to the Etzelpass to Einsiedeln . From Rapperswil the route runs over the reconstruction of the historic wooden bridge Rapperswil – Hurden and the ( Seedamm ) to Pfäffikon over the Etzel to Einsiedeln . From there it goes on to Schwyz and Brunnen . The Bündner Weg takes over the pilgrims from South Tyrol in Müstair and leads them via Lü over the Costainas Pass into the Engadin to S-charl . From there on via Scuol , Zernez , Dürrboden to Davos , Chur , Disentis and over the Chrüzli Pass to Amsteg . In Brunnen , the Bündner Weg meets the Schwabenweg and Appenzeller Weg or St. Galler Weg. Geneva can be reached via Stans , Flüeli-Ranft and the Brünig Pass to Interlaken (BE), Schwarzenburg (BE), Freiburg , Romont (FR), Moudon (VD), Lausanne . A variant, the Lucerne Path , runs from Brunnen via Lucerne , Wolhusen , Huttwil and Burgdorf and joins the path coming from the Brünig Pass in Riggisberg . The route from Constance to Brunnen is largely identical to the European long-distance hiking trail E1 . In Switzerland, most of the Way of St. James are signposted in both directions as the national hiking route 4 ViaJacobi from Wanderland Schweiz . The way home from Santiago is marked with a square green sticker on yellow directional signs. The way in the direction of Santiago is indicated by a square green sticker with two blue borders and the inscription 'Weg der Jakobspilger' as well as the international sign for the Jakobswege (shell star) and the number '4'. No adhesive is attached where the path leads straight ahead at an intersection. The connecting route from Geneva leads to Le Puy-en-Velay .

Way of the pilgrims in Germany

Special paths for St. James pilgrims have only been laid out in Germany in modern times. In the High Middle Ages and the Late Middle Ages , pilgrims used the existing road system. It consisted of the so-called old streets ; the Reichsstrasse , Weinstrasse , Heerstrasse and Hellwegen . The choice of the route was determined by the infrastructure on these routes. The pilgrims preferred trade routes on which monasteries, hospitals and hostels ensured supplies. The routes of the St. James pilgrims in Germany can be reconstructed on the basis of occupancy lists.

Northern Germany

Signpost to Santiago de Compostela at the Greifswald town hall
St. Jacobus in the Bible Garden of Bremen Cathedral

The Way of St. James in northern Germany was walked in the Middle Ages and was rarely used after the Reformation . The German St. Jakobus Society is developing and marking the main routes together with the Friends of the Jakobswege in northern Germany .

East and Central Germany

By Saxony , Saxony-indication , Thuringia and Hesse a way of Jakobspilger to the course of historical trade route Via Regia of Görlitz about Bautzen , Kamenz , Großenhain , Wurzen , Leipzig , Merseburg , Naumburg (Saale) , Erfurt , Gotha , Eisenach and Vacha by Fulda . It has a length of 500 km. On July 6, 2003, the first section to Erfurt was opened in Königsbrück . The opening of the second section followed on October 11, 2003 in Vacha. The route along the historic Via Regia is also known as the Ecumenical Pilgrimage Route. From Fulda there is a Franconian Way of St. James, which leads over the Kreuzberg to Würzburg and from there via Ochsenfurt and Uffenheim to Rothenburg, the connection to the Franconian-Swabian Way of St. James , or the Boniface route via Frankfurt and Mainz, the connection to the Way of St. James in Rhineland-Palatinate.

Brandenburg and Saxony-Anhalt

St. James pilgrims who have set out in Poland or further east can cross the German-Polish border river Oder either from the northern West Pomeranian Voivodeship near Stettin or from the southern Lebus Voivodeship in Słubice / Frankfurt (Oder) .

Pilgrims who cross the border in Słubice / Frankfurt (Oder) have three options:

Saxony

North Rhine-Westphalia

Westphalia
The Jakobikirche in Herford. In the Middle Ages it was a pure pilgrimage church for St. James pilgrims

In 1987 the initiative came from the Council of Europe to scientifically document the course of the historical Way of St. James and to revive the old cultural routes. The research into the routes in Westphalia is carried out by the Antiquities Commission of the Landschaftsverband Westfalen-Lippe (LWL) under the direction of Ulrike Spichal. Currently (2008) the LWL is entrusted with the processing and marking of five historical routes. The numbering corresponds to that of the regional association:

  • Path 1 (Osnabrück - Wuppertal-Beyenburg): In Westphalia a historically documented Way of St. James leads north-south. It comes from Bremen and happens: Osnabrück, Lengerich , Ladbergen , Münster , Rinkerode , Herbern , Werne , Lünen , Dortmund , Herdecke , Hagen , Gevelsberg , Wuppertal-Beyenburg . Here it is connected to the Rhenish way. The Westphalian Jacob's pilgrimage route has been continuously marked since the beginning of April 2008 and can be walked on. Archaeological and historical traces of the old road as well as sights along the way are included in the path.
  • Path 2 The Hellweg (Höxter - Dortmund): The Hellweg is an old street with an east-west orientation that already existed in pre-Christian times. The route leads from Höxter - Corvey via Paderborn , Soest with the historic " Pilgrim House " and Werl with the "Holy Cross" in the provost church of St. Walburga to Dortmund , where it joins the route from Osnabrück (route 1).
Information board on the course of the Jakobsweg or the Heidenstraße in the Sauerland
  • Path 3 (Minden - Lippstadt): Route: Minden , Herford , Bielefeld , Rheda-Wiedenbrück , Lippstadt . Here it joins the Hellweg. In the old episcopal city of Minden, this path forms a direct connection to the Salzstrasse coming from Lüneburg and the trade routes to the left and right of the Weser from Bremen, Hamburg and Lübeck. At Rehme , near today's Bad Oeynhausen, there was an important ford through the Weser - an eye of the needle that practically all traders and pilgrims who traveled on these routes had to pass. An important Jakob pilgrim from the area of ​​today's Westphalia was Bishop Anno von Landsberg (also called Anno von Minden ). The Bishop of Minden set out for Santiago de Compostela at the turn of the year 1174/1175. However, his path does not run directly along the well-known pilgrimage routes, as he closes numerous prayer fraternities with important monasteries on the way. The city of Herford in northern Westphalia is regarded as an important gathering point for the Jacob pilgrims. Located at the crossroads of important trade routes, it was endowed with a sacred life in the Middle Ages that could compete with that of Cologne . Herford often appears in literature as Sancta Herfordia or Hilliges Hervede . Points of attraction for the pilgrims were the relics of St. Pusinna and the Herford vision - the northernmost apparition of Mary beyond the Alps. From Herford, the pilgrims coming from the north made their way towards Osnabrück, Paderborn or Soest . With the introduction of the Reformation in Herford (1530) the pilgrimage church of St. Jakobi was closed by order of the city council. In Bielefeld, traders and pilgrims found the lowest pass over the Osning , the Teutoburg Forest , in today's Brackwede, and a fortified bridge over the Ems in Rheda-Wiedenbrück , which was also passable by carts. In Lippstadt there was a crossing over the Lippe .
  • Path 4 (Bielefeld - Wesel): The 200-kilometer historical path, officially opened in May 2015, runs east-west from Bielefeld via Steinhagen , Brockhagen , Marienfeld , Harsewinkel , Greffen , Sassenberg , Warendorf , Telgte , Münster , Tilbeck , Schapdetten , Nottuln , Darup , Gerleve Abbey , Coesfeld , Hochmoor , Velen , Borken , Raesfeld , Marienthal Abbey to Wesel , where on the left bank of the Rhine near Büderich the transition to the Rhineland Way of St. James is made.
Vestibule (left) for pilgrims in front of the paradise portal of Paderborn Cathedral around 1815
  • Path 5 (Marburg - Cologne): The route from Marburg via Siegen to Cologne corresponds to an old street, which is also known as Brüderstraße . The elaboration and marking was created in cooperation with the regional associations Ostwestfalen-Lippe and Rheinland as well as the Elisabethverein Marburg e. V. The route is marked with the stylized yellow shell on a blue background and can be walked on. In connection with the also marked old streets, the Via Regia (Görlitz - Eisenach), the old street Lange Hessen (Eisenach - Marburg) and the Brüderstraße (Marburg - Cologne), there is a continuously marked and walkable Way of St. James. It runs in an east-west direction and has a length of 850 km.
  • " Heerweg / Römerweg " (Paderborn - Elspe ): The path leads north-southwest over Marsberg and has been signposted since 2017 connecting two old trade and military roads in the Paderborn monastery and in the Sauerland. The path is 135 km long and connects to Heidenstrasse, which runs east-west.
  • " Heidenstrasse ": ( Korbach - Marienheide ): The more than 1000 years old and a total of 500 kilometers long Heidenstrasse was also an army and trade route that led on a direct route from Leipzig via Kassel to Cologne . The stations in Westphalia in the Sauerland region marked by the regional association lead from Korbach via Medebach , Winterberg , Schmallenberg , Elspe , Attendorn , Meinerzhagen to Marienheide.
Rhineland

In the Rhineland there has been the project "Paths of St. James pilgrims in the Rhineland" since 1999 in cooperation with the Rhineland Regional Council. Five routes have so far been signposted and described in guides:

Rhineland-Palatinate - Saarland

Jakobus column on the Eifel-Camino
  • The Jakobsweg on the left bank of the Rhine , beginning at Cologne Cathedral and leading through the UNESCO World Heritage Upper Middle Rhine Valley to Bingen am Rhein , was inaugurated in spring 2013. This closed a long-standing gap in the network of the Way of St. James in Germany. Traces of the cult of St. James can be found u. a. in the sacred buildings of Cologne, Remagen , Oberbreisig , Koblenz or Oberwesel .
  • From Andernach-Namedy , pilgrims can get to the grave of the Apostle Matthias in Trier on the Eifel-Camino set up in 2008 by the St. Matthias Brotherhood Mayen along the route of a historic Roman road . From there you have the opportunity to continue your pilgrimage to Metz . In September 2011, a monumental Jacobus column with an attractive rest area was set up on the “Alten Monrealer Weg” shortly after Mayen . Since then, an open-air service has been held annually on St. James' Day (July 25th) in honor of the apostle.
  • The Lahn-Camino was marked for the first time in 2001 starting from Wetzlar . The further course of the route is primarily based on the course of the Lahn and leads via Weilburg , Limburg , Arnstein Abbey and Bad Ems to the St. Jakobus Hospital Chapel in Oberlahnstein . Finds from excavations in the Dausenau St. Kastor Church (fragments of a scallop shell) and in Oberlahnstein (pilgrim grave in the hospital chapel) give evidence of medieval pilgrims. To the south, the pilgrimage continues on the Rhine Camino to Kaub , where the Rhine can be crossed by ferry to Bacharach . There you will find a connection to the St. James Way on the left bank of the Rhine.
  • The Mosel-Camino from Koblenz-Stolzenfels to Trier has also been marked since 2008 . In connection with the Ecumenical Pilgrimage Route, the Elisabeth Path and the Lahn-Camino on the Görlitz – Eisenach – Marburg – Lahnstein axis on both sides of the Moselle and its adjacent heights, this creates the opportunity for pilgrims to walk east-west to Trier to the tomb of the apostle Matthias and from there on to Santiago de Compostela.
  • In 2013, the Hunsrücker Jakobsweg, largely congruent with the existing Ausonius-Weg, was marked with the yellow scallop from Bingen to Trier.
Jakobspilger in Speyer (bronze statue by the Munich sculptor Martin Mayer )
Way of St. James through the Bliesgau

Bavaria and Baden-Württemberg

At the southwestern end of Germany, on Lake Constance , there are still 2400 km to Santiago. Here is a metal milestone next to the basilica in Weingarten.
  • The connection from Central Germany (see above) to Nuremberg on two routes is currently in preparation: along the "Nuremberg Geleitstrasse" via Coburg , Lichtenfels , Bamberg and Forchheim to Nuremberg or along the Via Imperii via Hof, Bayreuth, Pegnitz and Graefenberg to Nuremberg .
  • In 1994 the Jakobusweg Horb , Leinstetten , Loßburg was initiated. In the meantime, the Jakobusweg Rottenburg am Neckar – Horb am Neckar – Mühringen and Horb – Salzstetten - Pfalzgrafenweiler and Pfalzgrafenweiler – Lossburg has been signposted. Pilgrim hostels are located in Taberwasen near Horb-Nordstetten and in the Leinstetten rectory. A James room can be viewed in Horb- Ihlingen .
  • Since 2004, the Hohenzollern Jacobus Society, which was founded in 1510 as the Jakobusbruderschaft Killer, has existed again, which distinguishes the Hohenzollern Jakobsweg, which leads from Rottenburg am Neckar via Hirrlingen , Rangendingen and Hechingen past Killer to Burladingen , Sigmaringen , Meßkirch and Wald . The route from Pfullendorf via Überlingen and Konstanz to the Schwabenweg in Switzerland was awarded in 1998. In Frommenhausen , where a variant of the route leads shortly after Rottenburg am Neckar, a pilgrims' hostel has been set up.
Jakobusweg near Rottweil .
  • The Via Beuronensis (Beuron Way of St. James) has existed since 2004 and was signposted and made pilgrimages by a project group. The pilgrimage route runs from Tübingen via Hechingen and Balingen over the Lochen through the Bäratal to the Archabbey of Beuron and from there via Meßkirch to the Wald monastery . From there the Linzgauer Jakobsweg leads via Pfullendorf and Überlingen as well as the Hegauer Jakobsweg via Stockach along the Untersee to the old diocese town of Constance.
The Gasthof Der Engel in Rheinheim (portal). Above the " scallop "
Extraordinary depiction of St. James, lying on the Mount of Olives, in Wollmetshofen near Augsburg.

Way of the pilgrims in Austria

Jakobsweg Tirol

There are several routes of the pilgrims through Austria:

  1. The first main route from east to west ( Jakobsweg Austria ), into which several of the following routes converge, leads from the Slovakian border near Bratislava or Wolfsthal via Vienna, the Danube Valley, Linz, Salzburg, Kleines Deutsches Eck, Inntal, Innsbruck (one An important stop on the Way of St. James is the Cathedral of St. Jakob ), Arlberg to the Rhine Valley with Feldkirch. The Jakobsweg Landeck – Einsiedeln forms the connection to the Via Jacobi .
  2. The second main route from southeast to west leads from Graz via Maribor (Slovenia), on through the Carinthian Drautal to Lienz in East Tyrol and on to South Tyrol (Italy) through the Puster Valley to Innichen , Bruneck and Brixen in the Eisack Valley , where it leads to the von The Way of St. James coming south meets and from Innsbruck it is integrated into the Way of St. James Austria. The Way of St. James in Tyrol was consistently signposted as the Way of St. James in Tyrol .
  3. Other routes lead from the north from southern Germany and from Bohemia ( Jakobsweg Oberes Mühlviertel or Jakobsweg Bohemia – Bavaria – Tyrol ), via Rosenheim and Kufstein through the Inn valley further west through Innsbruck , where they meet on the Jakobsweg Austria and together with this over the Arlberg through Vorarlberg with Bludenz to Feldkirch and from there on to Liechtenstein and the Bernese Oberland .
    Jakobsweg Weinviertel
  4. From the south, the path leads from the Salurner Klause to Bozen and further via Brixen and Sterzing into the Wipptal . From the Brenner Pass the route leads to Innsbruck .
  5. The Jakobsweg Weinviertel leads from the Holy Mountain near Mikulov via Mistelbach and Stockerau to Mautern and connects to the Jakobsweg Austria through the Danube valley. It was opened in April 2010 and has a length of 162 km. The unmarked Jakobsweg Mühlviertel-Ost begins in Kautzen in the Waldviertel and joins the Jakobsweg Austria at Mauthausen .
  6. The Jakobsweg Burgenland , opened in 2013, leads from Frauenkirchen in northern Burgenland via Neusiedl am See to Haslau-Maria Ellend and connects there to the Austrian Jakobsweg.

Way of the pilgrims to St. James in Poland

Pilgrims from the south of the Kingdom of Poland passed through Bohemia and took the route via Prague . On the other hand, from the northern parts of the country, the sea route from the coastal cities on the Baltic Sea was preferred.

From Silesia you came west on the Via Regia . In Jakubów (German: Jakobskirch ), a formerly important pilgrimage center near Glogau with the over 1,000 year old St. James the Apostle Church, the second oldest sacred building in Silesia, a pilgrimage route begins, which leads over 140 kilometers via Bunzlau to Zgorzelec . There it ties in with the Ecumenical Pilgrimage Route, which continues along the Via Regia towards Hesse . With the project “From Jacob to Jacob”, the easternmost starting point in Europe for a signposted pilgrimage route to Santiago de Compostela was created in Jakubow. The sign is a white shell with a red Jacob's cross. Hostels along the way also revive the idea of ​​the medieval pilgrimage. The source of the Holy James Spring also rises in Jakubów . In Jędrzychowice there are finds of medieval traces of pilgrims to St. James.

The pilgrims who make a pilgrimage from Kolberg along the coast in Swinoujscie have the opportunity to move on via Greifswald to Rostock, to walk down the Oderhaff / Zalew Szczeciński and to cross the border at Stettin on the Way of St. James Stettin-Berlin or on Polish soil on the on the eastern bank of the Oder south to Słubice / Frankfurt (Oder) .

The Way of St. James in Lebus run from Bledzew and Łagów (Lagow) via Sulęcin , where they meet and run together to Ośno Lubuskie . From Ośno Lubuskie the route continues separately to Górzyca in the north and Słubice in the south.

  • Bledzew - Słubice : From Bledzew it goes through Lubniewice, Sulęcin, Smogóry (Schmagorei), Ośno Lubuskie, Rzepin , Kawalów, to Słubice.
  • Alternative route Łagów - Sulęcin : From Łagów (Lagow) it goes north-west via Walewice, Grabów and Ostrów to Sulęcin, from where it continues to Ośno Lubuskie.
  • Alternative route Ośno Lubuskie - Górzyca : From Ośno Lubuskie, it goes north-west via Sienno (Seefeld), Spudłów (Spudlow) to Górzyca, where the Oder is crossed by ferry.

Way of the pilgrims in the Czech Republic

  • The north variant begins in Prague and leads via Beroun , Plasy to Stříbro and connects in Tillyschanz with the German Way of St. James through the Upper Palatinate and Franconia. The length is 256 km.
  • A southern variant also begins in Prague and leads via Příbram and Klatovy to Eschlkam on the German border.
  • Another southern variant leads from Olomouc via Brno to Mikulov on the Austrian border.

Way of the pilgrims of St. James in Denmark

In Jutland, the Way of St. James runs on the Ochsenweg from Viborg via Vejen to the Eider and to Hamburg. This is the historical land connection via Flensburg , Schleswig , Rendsburg and Neumünster in the direction of Hamburg and Stade . It did not designate a paved route, but is partly a network of paths running side by side. Its origins may be in the Bronze Age . Later it was celebrated by pilgrims. The Ochsenweg has been designated as a long-distance cycle path since 1998 .

literature

counselor

  • Raimund Joos: Pilgrims on the Way of St. James . 8th edition. Conrad Stein Verlag, Welver 2014, ISBN 978-3-86686-394-1 .
  • Raimund Joos: Why the shoe gets wider when you walk. The spiritual Way of St. James coach . 3. Edition. Tyrolia, Innsbruck 2015, ISBN 978-3-7022-2824-8 .
  • Martin Thull: Little ABC of pilgrims . 2nd Edition. Vier-Türme-Verlag, Münsterschwarzach 2015, ISBN 978-3-89680-896-7 .

Directions

Cross-country

  • Berthold Burkhardt, Hans-Jörg Bahmüller: The Way of St. James from Lake Constance to the Burgundian Gate, Lindau - Constance - Waldshut - Basel - Héricourt . Jakobsweg team, Winnenden 2019, ISBN 978-3-9816404-8-9 .
  • Renate Florl: Via Francigena - From Lausanne to Rome . 1st edition. Bergverlag Rother, Munich 2013, ISBN 978-3-7633-4426-0 .
  • Hermann Hass: Portugal Spain. Way of St. James Eastern Portugal: Via Lusitana from the Algarve to Ourense . 2nd Edition. Conrad Stein Verlag, Welver 2017, ISBN 978-3-86686-548-8 .
  • Raimund Joos: Portugal, Spain. Camino de Santiago Caminho Portugues. From Porto to Santiago de Compostela . 7th edition. Conrad Stein Verlag, Welver 2014, ISBN 978-3-86686-425-2 .
  • Jürgen Kaiser: The Way of St. James in Europe . 1st edition. Theiss, Stuttgart 2008, ISBN 978-3-8062-2103-9 .
  • Annette Heusch-Altenstein, Karlheinz Flinspach, Paul Poell: Jakobswege. The Way of St. James between the Rhine and the Maas - Volume 3. In 12 stages on foot and by bike from the Lower Rhine and from Aachen via Maastricht to Belgium. Ed .: Landschaftsverband Rheinland / Stichting Pelgrimswegen naar St. Jacob. 2nd Edition. JP Bachem Verlag, Cologne 2008, ISBN 3-7616-1673-2 .
  • Kathrin Hützen: The Portuguese Way: From Lisbon to Santiago de Compostela incl. Fátima . 2nd Edition. Hützen & Partner Verlag, St. Gallen 2013, ISBN 978-3-906189-05-5 .
  • Michael Moll : The Way of St. James in Belgium. Via Mosana in 18 stages . 1st edition. Grenzecho-Verlag, Eupen 2013, ISBN 978-3-86712-073-9 .
  • Wolfgang W. Meyer: Jakobswege / Württemberg - Baden - Franconia - Switzerland . 5th edition. Silberburg-Verlag, Tübingen 2006, ISBN 3-87407-726-8 .
  • Raymond Oursel, Claude Jean-Nesmy: Pilgrim routes to Santiago de Compostela through France and Spain . Wuerzburg 1990.
  • Norbert Rother, Ingrid Retterarth: Germany / France: Way of St. James from Trier to Vézelay . 2nd Edition. Conrad Stein Verlag, Welver 2013, ISBN 978-3-86686-408-5 .
  • Ingrid Retterath: Way of St. James from Trier to Le Puy . 2nd Edition. Conrad Stein Verlag, Welver 2014, ISBN 978-3-86686-211-1 .
  • Sankt Jakobs Brotherhood Austria (Ed.): Pilgrim guide Caminho Portugués . 4th edition. Sulz in the Vienna Woods 2010.
  • Bert Teklenborg: On the Way of St. James: from southern Germany through Switzerland to Le Puy and Arles in France . 2nd Edition. Salem Edition, Salem 2004, ISBN 978-3-9805535-2-0 .
  • Bert Teklenborg: The Way of St. James of Joy - from Strasbourg to Santiago . 4th edition. Salem Edition, Salem 2008, ISBN 978-3-9805535-0-6 .
  • Bert Teklenborg: Cycling along the Way of St. James: from the Rhine to the western end of Europe . 3. Edition. Salem Edition, Salem 2007, ISBN 978-3-9805535-1-3 .
  • Walter Töpner: Paths of the St. James pilgrims: Rhineland, Eifel, Lorraine, Burgundy: Cologne - Trier - Metz - Vézelay . 1st edition. Paulinus Verlag GmbH, Trier 2003, ISBN 3-7902-1310-1 .
  • Jens M. Warnsloh: Belgium Way of St. James: Via Mosana: Aachen - Brûly . 1st edition. Conrad-Stein-Verlag, Welver 2004, ISBN 3-89392-539-2 .
  • Uwe Ziebold: Jakobsweg: Rhine-Maas-Weg: From Millingen (NL) via Goch (D) to Liège (B) . 1st edition. Conrad-Stein-Verlag, Welver 2008, ISBN 978-3-86686-225-8 .

Spain

  • José María Anguita Jaen: The Camino de Santiago - A practical guide for the pilgrim . 4th edition. Editorial Everest, León 2007, ISBN 978-84-241-0422-1 .
  • Joan Fiol Boada: The Camino de Santiago - From Montserrat and from Saint Jean Pied de Port . 1st edition. Hampp, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-936682-10-6 .
  • Tobias Büscher : Galicia and the Way of St. James . 4th edition. DuMont Reiseverlag, Ostfildern 2007, ISBN 978-3-7701-5705-1 .
  • Dietrich Höllhuber, Werner Schäfke : The Spanish Way of St. James - landscape, history and art on the way to Santiago de Compostela . 2nd Edition. DuMont, Cologne 2000, ISBN 3-7701-4862-2 .
  • Rod Hützen, Eliana Heim: Camino de la Costa - Camino del Norte . 1st edition. Hützen & Partner Verlag, St. Gallen 2010, ISBN 978-3-9523633-0-0 .
  • Rod Hützen: Camino Ingles - The English Way . 1st edition. Hützen und Partner Verlag, St. Gallen 2012, ISBN 978-3-9523633-6-2 .
  • Raimund Joos, Michael Kasper: Way of St. James, Via de la Plata. Mozarabic Way of St. James . 6th edition. Conrad Stein Verlag, Welver 2014, ISBN 978-3-86686-251-7 .
  • Raimund Joos, Michael Kasper: Northern Spain - Way of St. James - Camino Primitivo . 4th edition. Conrad Stein Verlag, Welver 2012, ISBN 978-3-86686-382-8 .
  • Raimund Joos, Michael Kasper: Northern Spain - Way of St. James - Coastal Way . 10th edition. Conrad Stein Verlag, Welver 2012, ISBN 978-3-86686-376-7 .
  • Raimund Joos, Michael Kasper: Spain - Camino Francés . 16th edition. Conrad Stein Verlag, Welver 2013, ISBN 978-3-86686-381-1 .
  • Cordula Rabe: Way of St. James - Camino del Norte / Coastal Path . 2nd Edition. Bergverlag Rother, Munich 2012, ISBN 978-3-7633-4392-8 .
  • Cordula Rabe: Spanish Way of St. James - From the Pyrenees to Santiago de Compostela . 8th edition. Bergverlag Rother, Munich 2013, ISBN 978-3-7633-4330-0 .
  • Cordula Rabe: Via de la Plata . 2nd Edition. Bergverlag Rother, Munich 2011, ISBN 978-3-7633-4333-1 .
  • Sankt Jakobs Brotherhood Austria (Ed.): Pilgrim guide on the northern routes of Spain . Los Caminos del Norte: Camino de la Costa, el Camino Interno, el Camino Primitivo. 11th edition. Sulz in the Vienna Woods 2012.
  • Ulrich Wegner: Hiking on the Spanish Way of St. James . DuMont, Cologne 1999, ISBN 3-7701-4770-7 .

France

  • Association Rhône-Alpes des Amis de Saint-Jacques (ed.): Chemin de Saint-Jacques de Genève au Puy-en-Velay / Way of St. James Geneva - Le Puy-en-Velay. Renseignements pratiques / practical information . annual update edition.
  • Berthold Burkhardt, Hans-Jörg Bahmüller: The Way of St. James from Thann to Taizé / Cluny . Jakobsweg team, Winnenden 2019, ISBN 978-3-9812350-2-9 .
  • Berthold Burkhardt, Hans-Jörg Bahmüller: The Way of St. James from Thann to Vézelay . Jakobsweg team, Winnenden 2019, ISBN 978-3-9812350-1-2 .
  • Hartmut Engel: France: Way of St. James Via Gebennensis from Geneva to Le Puy-en-Velay . 9th edition. Conrad Stein Verlag, Welver 2014, ISBN 978-3-86686-340-8 .
  • Hartmut Engel, Norbert Rother: France: Jakobsweg Via Podiensis . 9th edition. Conrad Stein Verlag, Welver 2013, ISBN 978-3-86686-441-2 .
  • Bettina Forst: French Way of St. James - Le Puy to the Pyrenees . 3. Edition. Bergverlag Rother, Munich 2012, ISBN 978-3-7633-4350-8 .
  • Bettina Forst: French Way of St. James - Strasbourg to Le Puy . 1st edition. Bergverlag Rother, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-7633-4366-9 .
  • Ursula Kopp, Heribert Kopp: The Way of St. James in Alsace, Speyer - Wissembourg - Thann, with the feeder routes from Kehl and Breisach . Jakobsweg team, Winnenden 2019, ISBN 978-3-00-022723-3 .
  • Randolf Fügen: France: Way of St. James Via Lemovicensis . 3. Edition. Conrad Stein Verlag, Welver 2012, ISBN 978-3-89392-566-7 .
  • Norbert Rother: France: Way of St. James Via Tolosana . 2nd Edition. Conrad Stein Verlag, Welver 2011, ISBN 978-3-86686-162-6 .
  • Sankt Jakobs Brotherhood Austria (Ed.): Via Gebennensis & Podiensis . The Camino de Santiago through France from Geneva to the Pyrenees and on to Saint Jean Pied de Port. 9th edition. Sulz in the Vienna Woods 2010.
  • Heinrich Wipper: Hiking on the French Way of St. James. Via Podiensis . 1st edition. DuMont Reiseverlag, Ostfildern 2008, ISBN 978-3-7701-8009-7 .

Germany

General
  • Jürgen Kaiser: The Way of St. James in Germany . 1st edition. Konrad Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart 2006, ISBN 3-8062-1965-6 .
  • Christoph Kühn: Pilgrimage routes in Germany - An interim balance 1987-2007 . In: Margot Käßmann (Ed.): With body and soul on the way - manual of pilgrimage in the Hanoverian regional church . 1st edition. Lutherisches Verlagshaus, Hannover 2007, ISBN 978-3-7859-0946-1 , p. 204-209 .
Northern Germany
  • Margot Käßmann (foreword), Heidrun Konrad (foreword), Ingeborg Helms (editing): Paths of the Jakobspilger in Northern Germany “Soroptimistweg”: From Itzehoe via Stade to Bremen. 1st edition. Self-published by Ingeborg Helms, Stade 2008, ISBN 978-3-00-024776-7 .
  • Way of St. James: Way of St. James, way of the pilgrims in Bremen and Lower Saxony, Vol. 7: from Bremen via Vechta to Osnabrück . JP Bachem Verlag, Cologne 2008, ISBN 978-3-7616-2171-4 .
East and Central Germany
  • Ev.-luth. Landesjugendpfarramt Sachsen (Ed.): The Ecumenical Pilgrimage through Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt and Thuringia . 1st edition. Dresden 2003.
  • Lina Lisa Kolbitz, Laura Murzik: On the Way of St. James through Brandenburg. From the Oder to Berlin . Ed .: Ulrich Knefelkamp . 2nd Edition. edition q in be.bra verlag, Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-86124-618-3 .
  • Lars Franke, Michael Priebe: On the trail of the Jakobsweg Mecklenburg-Vorpommern . 1st edition. Steffen Verlag, Friedland 2011, ISBN 978-3-940101-92-1 .
  • Renate Florl: The Way of St. James from Erfurt to Rothenburg ob der Tauber . Jakobsweg team, Winnenden 2019, ISBN 978-3-9812350-9-8 .
  • Thomas Nitschke: I'd rather stay here - on the Way of St. James through Saxony . 1st edition. traveldiary Reiseliteratur-Verlag, Hamburg 2013, ISBN 978-3-941796-99-7 .
North Rhine-Westphalia
  • Annette Heusch-Altenstein, Karlheinz Flinspach: Way of St. James. Way of the pilgrims in the Rhineland. Vol. 1: In 8 stages from Wuppertal-Beyenburg to Aachen . 4th edition. JP Bachem Verlag, Cologne 2008, ISBN 3-7616-1465-9 .
  • Annette Heusch-Altenstein, Karlheinz Flinspach, Gabriele Harzheim, Heinrich Wipper: Jakobswege. Paths of the St. James pilgrims in the Rhineland, vol. 2: In 13 stages on foot and by bike from Cologne and Bonn via Trier to Perl / Schengen at the border triangle of Germany, Luxembourg and France . 3. Edition. JP Bachem Verlag, Cologne 2007, ISBN 3-7616-1600-7 .
  • Annette Heusch-Altenstein, Christoph Kühn: Way of St. James. Way of the pilgrims in Rhineland and Westphalia. Volume 5: In 7 stages from Marburg via Siegen to Cologne . 1st edition. JP Bachem Verlag, Cologne 2007, ISBN 978-3-7616-2065-6 .
  • Annette Heusch-Altenstein, Christoph Kühn: Way of St. James. Ways of St. James in the Rhineland, Vol. 4: In 10 stages from Nijmegen via Kleve and Xanten to Cologne, with connections from Emmerich and Wesel . 1st edition. JP Bachem Verlag, Cologne 2009, ISBN 978-3-7616-2191-2 .
  • Annette Heusch-Altenstein, Christoph Kühn: Way of St. James. Way of the pilgrims in Rhineland and Westphalia. Volume 9: In 9 stages from Dortmund via Essen and Düsseldorf to Aachen . 1st edition. JP Bachem Verlag, Cologne 2010, ISBN 978-3-7616-2381-7 .
  • Michael Moll, Bianca Schumann: NRW: Jakobsweg from Paderborn to Aachen . 1st edition. Conrad Stein Verlag, Welver 2005, ISBN 3-89392-547-3 .
  • Ingrid Retterath: Jakobsweg Via Coloniensis from Cologne to Trier . 1st edition. Conrad-Stein-Verlag, Welver 2014, ISBN 978-3-86686-439-9 .
  • Annemarie Schmoranzer: Paths of the St. James pilgrims in the Kurkölnischen Sauerland . 7th edition. Dietrich-Coelde-Verlag, Werl 1994, ISBN 3-87163-206-6 .
  • Ulrike Spichal, Horst Gerbaulet: Jakobswege.Wege of the Jakobspilger in Westphalia, Vol. 6: In 12 stages on foot and by bike from Osnabrück via Münster and Dortmund to Wuppertal-Beyenburg . 2nd Edition. JP Bachem Verlag, Cologne 2008, ISBN 978-3-7616-2210-0 .
Rhineland-Palatinate and Saarland
  • Franz Blaeser, Michael Kaiser, Hans Ries, Wolfgang Scholz: St. James Way on the left bank of the Rhine from Cologne to Bingen . 1st edition. Conrad Stein Verlag, Welver 2014, ISBN 978-3-86686-464-1 .
  • Franz Blaeser, Dieter Press, Heinz Schaefer, Wolfgang Scholz: On the way on the Eifel Camino . 1st edition. Books on Demand, Norderstedt 2011, ISBN 978-3-8423-7082-1 .
  • Paul Burgard, Ludwig Linsmayer (ed.): Jakobswege on Saar, Blies and Mosel. Hiking guide for the region . 1st edition. Saarland Landesarchiv, Saarbrücken 2006, ISBN 978-3-9808556-5-5 .
  • Christine Halfmann: Jakobsweg Rheinhessen - From Bingen to Worms with all loops and the alternative route - Pilgrimage over 100 km of Rheinhessen . 1st edition. Self-published, Appenheim 2009, ISBN 978-3-00-027599-9 .
  • Karl-Heinz Jung: Moselle Camino from Koblenz-Stolzenfels to Trier . 1st edition. Conrad Stein Verlag, Welver 2013, ISBN 978-3-86686-320-0 .
  • Karl-Josef Schäfer, Wolfgang Welter: A Way of St. James from Koblenz-Stolzenfels to Trier: The pilgrim guide for the Moselle Camino . 1st edition. Books on Demand, Norderstedt 2009, ISBN 978-3-8334-9888-6 .
  • Karl-Josef Schäfer: The Way of St. James from Wetzlar to Lahnstein: A pilgrim guide for the Lahn-Camino . 3. Edition. Books on Demand, Norderstedt 2009, ISBN 978-3-8334-9475-8 .
Bavaria and Baden-Württemberg
  • Maximilian Bogner: On the Way of St. James through Southeast Bavaria: From Passau via Altötting to Kufstein and from Salzburg to the Hohen Peißenberg . 1st edition. Tyrolia-Verlag, Innsbruck 2004, ISBN 3-7022-2565-X .
  • Berthold Burkhardt, Renate Florl, Centa Schmid: The Way of St. James from Rothenburg ob der Tauber to Rottenburg am Neckar . Jakobsweg team, Winnenden 2019, ISBN 978-3-00-014351-9 .
  • Bettina Forst: Southwest German Way of St. James: From Würzburg to Strasbourg, Waldshut-Tiengen and to Lake Constance . 1st edition. Bergverlag Rother, Munich 2010, ISBN 978-3-7633-4363-8 .
  • Renate Florl: The Way of St. James from Neresheim to Rottenburg: with the Göppingen Health Path . Jakobsweg team, Winnenden 2019, ISBN 978-3-9812350-4-3 .
  • Renate Florl: The Way of St. James from Rothenburg ob der Tauber to the Imperial Cathedral in Speyer . Jakobsweg team, Winnenden 2018, ISBN 978-3-9812350-5-0 .
  • Renate Florl: The Way of St. James from Rottenburg am Neckar to Thann in Alsace . Jakobsweg team, Winnenden 2019, ISBN 978-3-00-020868-3 .
  • Renate Florl: The Way of St. James from Erfurt to Rothenburg ob der Tauber . Jakobsweg team, Winnenden 2019, ISBN 978-3-9812350-9-8 .
  • Gerhilde Fleischer (Ed.): Jakobusweg, Vol. I, 1, Nuremberg, Schwabach, Abenberg, Kalbensteinberg, Gunzenhausen . 3. Edition. Schwabenverlag, Ostfildern 2007, ISBN 978-3-7966-0945-9 .
  • Gerhilde Fleischer (Ed.): Jakobusweg, Vol. I, 2, Gunzenhausen, Markt Heidenheim, Oettingen, Nördlingen, Neresheim, Giengen, Nerenstetten, Ulm . 3. Edition. Schwabenverlag, Ostfildern 2007, ISBN 978-3-7966-0945-9 .
  • Gerhilde Fleischer (Ed.): Jakobusweg, Vol. 2, Ulm, Oberdischingen, Äpfingen, Biberach, Steinhausen, Bad Waldsee . 6th edition. Schwabenverlag, Ostfildern 2008, ISBN 3-7966-0905-8 .
  • Gerhilde Fleischer (Ed.): Jakobusweg, Vol. 3, Bad Waldsee, Weingarten, Ravensburg, Bronchenzell, Markdorf, Meersburg, Konstanz . 8th edition. Schwabenverlag, Ostfildern 2008, ISBN 3-7966-0798-5 .
  • Fränkischer Albverein (Ed.): On the Jakobsweg from Tillyschanz via Schwandorf to Nuremberg . 1st edition. Verlag Seehars, Uffenheim 1997, ISBN 3-927598-22-4 .
  • Fränkischer Albverein (Ed.): On the Jakobsweg from Nuremberg via Heilsbronn to Rothenburg ob der Tauber . 1st edition. Verlag Seehars, Uffenheim 1995, ISBN 3-927598-18-6 .
  • Monika Hanna: The Franconian Way of St. James. Hiking on the pilgrimage route from Kronach via Lichtenfels to Nuremberg . 1st edition. Langen / Müller, Munich 2006, ISBN 978-3-7844-3047-8 .
  • Monika Hanna: The Munich Way of St. James. Hiking on the pilgrimage route from Munich to Lake Constance . 3. Edition. Langen / Müller, Munich 2004, ISBN 3-7844-2978-5 .
  • Barbara Massion (Ed.): On Jakobswegen from Munich to Lake Constance with access from Freising to Ammersee . 7th edition. Vier-Türme-Verlag, Münsterschwarzach 2014, ISBN 978-3-89680-856-1 .
  • Wolfgang Lipp : The way to Santiago. Way of St. James in southern Germany . 1st edition. Süddeutsche Verlagsgesellschaft, Ulm 1991, ISBN 3-88294-164-2 .
  • Fredy Meyer : You put my feet in a wide space (Psalm 31 : 9). Way of St. James between Neckar and Lake Constance . 1st edition. Self-published, Stockach 2007, ISBN 978-3-921413-96-8 .
  • Wolfgang W. Meyer: Way of St. James. Württemberg, Baden, Franconia, Switzerland . 5th edition. Silberburg-Verlag, Tübingen 2006, ISBN 3-87407-726-8 .
  • Hans J. Kolbinger: On the Way of St. James from Prague via Regensburg and Eichstätt to Donauwörth: The East Bavarian Way of St. James and the southern variant of the Czech Republic . 1st edition. Tyrolia-Verlag, Innsbruck 2006, ISBN 3-7022-2728-8 .

Austria

  • Helmut Betz: Close to earth, towards heaven - a pilgrim guide for the Alps . 1st edition. Kösel-Verlag, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-466-36849-5 .
  • Peter Lindenthal : On the Way of St. James through Austria. From Pressburg via Vienna, Linz, Salzburg, Innsbruck and Feldkirch to Maria Einsiedeln . 7th edition. Tyrolia, Innsbruck 2008, ISBN 3-7022-2199-9 .
  • Fritz Peterka: St. Jacob's and St. Mary's Pilgrimage Route Moravia - Weinviertel, Brno - Krems / Mautern . 1st edition. Mountain and hiking club Wienerland, Langenzersdorf 2010, ISBN 978-3-900451-46-2 .
  • Sankt Jakobs Brotherhood Austria (ed.): The Way of St. James through southern Austria . The Way of St. James from Graz via Slovenia, Carinthia and Italy, via Innsbruck to Feldkirch and the border to Liechtenstein. 4th edition. Sulz in the Vienna Woods 2010.

Poland

  • Franziskanerdorf Foundation (ed.): The Way of St. James, an ecumenical pilgrimage path. Via Regia Lower Silesia . 1st edition. Lubomierz-Janice 2007, ISBN 978-83-924296-2-3 .
  • Esther Zeiher (Ed.): Ekumeniczny Szlak Patniczy. Przez Saksonie, Saksonie-Anhalt i Turyngie . 1st edition. Münsterschwarzach 2015, ISBN 978-83-938400-2-1 .

Portugal

  • Hermann Hass: Portugal Spain: Way of St. James East Portugal Via Lusitana: from the Algarve to Ourense . 2nd Edition. Conrad Stein Verlag, Welver 2017, ISBN 978-3-86686-548-8 .
  • John Brierley: A Pilgrim's Guide to the Camino Portugues: Lisboa, Porto, Santiago . 1st edition. Findhorn Press Ltd., Forres 2011, ISBN 978-1-84409-530-8 .
  • Kathrin Hützen: Caminho Português - The Portuguese Way: From Lisbon to Santiago de Compostela . 2nd Edition. Hützen & Partner Verlag, St. Gallen 2013, ISBN 978-3-9523633-4-8 .
  • Raimund Joos: Camino de Santiago Caminho Português from Porto to Santiago de Compostela . 4th edition. Conrad Stein Verlag, Welver 2011, ISBN 978-3-86686-337-8 .

Czech Republic

  • Hans-Jörg Bahmüller, Hans-J. Kischel, Robert Maier, Jirí Podlesný: The Way of St. James from Prague to Tillyschanz / Eslarn . Jakobsweg team, Winnenden 2018, ISBN 978-3-9812350-3-6 .
  • Fritz Peterka: St. Jacob's and St. Mary's Pilgrimage Route Moravia - Weinviertel, Brno - Krems / Mautern . 1st edition. Mountain and hiking club Wienerland, Langenzersdorf 2010, ISBN 978-3-900451-46-2 .

Switzerland

  • Renate Florl: Way of St. James Switzerland . 2nd Edition. Bergverlag Rother, Munich 2014, ISBN 978-3-7633-4068-2 .
  • Hartmut Engel: Switzerland: Way of St. James from Lake Constance to Lake Geneva . 5th edition. Conrad Stein Verlag, Welver 2008, ISBN 978-3-86686-117-6 .
  • Hartmut Witschi: Hiking on the Way of St. James. From Lake Constance to Lake Lucerne . 2nd Edition. Appenzeller Verlag, Herisau 2002, ISBN 3-85882-210-8 .
  • Jolanda Blum: The Way of St. James through Switzerland . 7th edition. Ott Verlag, Thun 2007, ISBN 3-7225-0089-3 .
  • Dieter Trachsler: Pilgrimage routes in Switzerland: Jakobsweg, Schwabenweg: Konstanz - Einsiedeln, with special consideration of the Zurich Oberland . Ed .: Zurich hiking trails. 2nd Edition. Zurich hiking trails, Wetzikon 2000.
  • Stefan Gribi: It's a long way: on the Way of St. James from Einsiedeln to Rüeggisberg . Caritas-Verlag, Lucerne 1999, ISBN 3-85592-057-5 .
  • Wolfgang Hörer: On the way on the Way of St. James: go on the way, directions from Rorschach to Romont through the Bernese Oberland . 1st edition. Bernese Oberland Chamber of Commerce, Interlaken 2000.
  • Hans Peter Mathis (Ed.): Pilgrimage routes of Switzerland: Schwabenweg. On the pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela: Constance - Einsiedeln . Thur Druck, Frauenfeld 1993, ISBN 3-9520375-0-8 .
  • Sankt Jakobs Brotherhood Austria (Hrsg.): Pilgrim guide through Switzerland . The Way of St. James from Feldkirch via Liechtenstein into Switzerland to Einsiedeln and on through Central Switzerland via Friborg, Lausanne to Geneva. 10th edition. Sulz in the Vienna Woods 2010.

Pilgrimage reports

  • Hans Aebli : Santiago, Santiago… On the Way of St. James on foot through France and Spain . 8th edition. Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-608-95396-5 .
  • Thomas Bauer : 2500 kilometers through Europe on foot: On the Way of St. James from Lake Constance to the end of the world . 4th edition. Wiesenburg-Verlag, Schweinfurt 2008, ISBN 3-937101-86-1 .
  • Dorothea Braun: Santiago, westward . 3. Edition. Vier-Türme-Verlag, Münsterschwarzach 2015, ISBN 3-89680-968-7 .
  • Ueli Brunner: Ultreïa - always on! In ten months on pilgrim's feet from Zurich to Santiago de Compostela and back . 1st edition. Ultreïa, Zurich 2000, ISBN 3-9521534-1-9 .
  • Günter Fandel: Together on the Way of St. James - A family makes a pilgrimage to Santiago . 1st edition. Peter Lang, Frankfurt am Main 2005, ISBN 3-631-54689-0 .
  • Nancy Louise Frey: Santiago pilgrims on the way and afterwards . 1st edition. Manfred Zentgraf, Volkach 2002, ISBN 3-928542-50-8 (English: Pilgrim stories . Dissertation University of California, Berkeley).
  • Markus Frohn: The dream of the star path. On foot from Aachen to Santiago de Compostela . 1st edition. Books on Demand, Norderstedt 2004, ISBN 3-8334-1495-2 .
  • Franz Gattinger, Reinhard Gattinger: Buen Camino - The Way of St. James . 1st edition. Ernst Denkmayr, Linz 2003, ISBN 3-902257-38-5 .
  • Rudolf Gruber: Diary of a pilgrim to Santiago de Compostela . 1st edition. Wimmer, Linz 1976.
  • Barbara Haab: Path and Change; on the spirituality of today's St. James pilgrims (=  practical theology in dialogue . Volume 15 ). 1st edition. Academic Press Friborg, Freiburg (CH) 1998, ISBN 3-7278-1159-5 (also dissertation University of Zurich, 1996).
  • Christian Haase: Pilgrimage on the Way of St. James. On the way on the ecumenical pilgrimage. My pilgrimage from Görlitz to Vacha . XINXII, 2008 (eBook).
  • Ulrich Hagenmeyer: The goal is the way. On the Way of St. James to Santiago de Compostela . 6th edition. Kreuz Verlag, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 3-7831-2205-8 .
  • Klaus Herbers (Hrsg.): German pilgrims and their reports (=  Jakobus studies . Volume 1 ). Tübingen 1988.
  • Hermann Künig von Vach: The road to Sankt Jakob . The oldest pilgrim guide to Santiago de Compostela. With original texts from the 1495 edition. Ed .: Klaus Herbers, Robert Plötz. 1st edition. Thorbecke, Ostfildern 2004, ISBN 3-7995-0132-0 .
  • Herbert Hirschler : Heaven, Lord God, sea, music: the 'other' Way of St. James on the Ruta del Norte . 4th edition. Leykam, Graz 2013, ISBN 978-3-7011-8045-5 .
  • Herbert Hirschler: Heaven, Lord God, Portugal: The Portuguese Way of St. James . 3. Edition. Leykam, Graz 2017, ISBN 978-3-7011-8045-5 .
  • Kathrin Hützen: Caminho Portugues: From Lisbon to Santiago de Compostela . 2nd Edition. Hützen & Partner Verlag, St. Gallen 2014, ISBN 978-3-9523633-1-7 .
  • Rod Hützen: Camino del Norte / Camino de la Costa: The Camino de Santiago for motorcyclists - In eight days to the end of the world . 1st edition. Hützen & Partner Verlag, St. Gallen 2011, ISBN 978-3-9523633-1-7 .
  • Gerhard Jansen: Simply blown away. On the Way of St. James to the end of the world . 1st edition. tredition, Hamburg 2008, ISBN 978-3-86850-121-6 .
  • Anika Jübner: Stories of pilgrimages - a backpack tells . 1st edition. Books on Demand, Norderstedt 2012, ISBN 978-3-8423-3517-2 .
  • Stephan Jürgens: From individual pilgrims to regular pilgrims: My Camino des Santiago; As a hiker on the Camino de Santiago . 1st edition. Books on Demand, Norderstedt 2010, ISBN 978-3-8391-6436-5 .
  • Hape Kerkeling : I'll be gone then - my journey on the Camino de Santiago . 72nd edition. Malik, Munich 2008, ISBN 3-89029-312-3 .
  • Hanspeter Kindler: With Schopenhauer on the Way of St. James. A naughty winter trip through Switzerland . 1st edition. Chaitanya-Verlag, Zurich 2007, ISBN 978-3-9522787-8-9 .
  • Elisabeth Klose: Room in the hostel - Hospitalera on the Way of St. James . 1st edition. projekte verlag, Halle 2004, ISBN 3-937027-61-0 .
  • Ferdinand Ledwig: On the Way of St. James. Diary of a spiritual journey to the pre-Christian places of worship . 1st edition. Schirner, Darmstadt 2004, ISBN 3-89767-184-0 .
  • Shirley MacLaine : The Camino de Santiago - a spiritual journey . 1st edition. Goldmann, Munich 2001, ISBN 3-442-44906-5 .
  • Reinhard Mandl, Peter Lindenthal: Way of St. James Austria . 1st edition. Tyrolia, Innsbruck 2006, ISBN 3-7022-2794-6 .
  • Jochen Mangelsen, Philipp Alexander Schmitt: Chorizo, Sirens and Wild Geese - The Way of St. James. A diary . 1st edition. Manfred Zentgraf, Volkach 2006, ISBN 3-928542-58-3 .
  • Hans-Walter Mende: Pedro, the pilgrim horse. 3200 km trail ride from Germany to Spain - told from the horse's point of view . 3. Edition. Fölbach, Koblenz 2006, ISBN 978-3-923532-78-0 .
  • Tim Moore : Two donkeys on the Camino de Santiago . 3. Edition. Covadonga Verlag, Bielefeld 2005, ISBN 3-936973-18-0 .
  • Arthur W. Müller: 81 days on the Way of St. James - from Reinach / Basel to Santiago de Compostela . 1st edition. pro sana, Basel 2010, ISBN 978-3-9523684-0-4 .
  • Birgit Reichwein, Andrea Brückner (ed.): Pilgrims' Voices: Experiences and feelings on the Way of St. James - Pilgrims report . 1st edition. Books on Demand, Norderstedt 2013, ISBN 978-3-8482-5907-6 .
  • Adrien Ries: Camino de Santiago. A pilgrimage from Bivels to Santiago de Compostela . Editions Saint-Paul, Luxembourg 1989, ISBN 2-87963-078-9 .
  • Klaus Schönberg: My soul is hungry. A spiritual pilgrim guide for the Camino de Santiago . 1st edition. R. Brockhaus Verlag, Wuppertal 2007, ISBN 978-3-417-26708-2 .
  • Wolfgang Scholz: On the way on the Way of St. James to Santiago from Wetzlar to Trier . 2nd Edition. Books on Demand, Norderstedt 2012, ISBN 978-3-8423-2679-8 .
  • Wolfgang Scholz: On the Way of St. James to Santiago from Trier to Vézelay . 1st edition. Books on Demand, Norderstedt 2013, ISBN 978-3-7322-8037-7 .
  • Bettina Selby: The Way of St. James. By bike to Santiago de Compostela . 5th edition. Piper, Munich 2007, ISBN 3-492-24140-9 .
  • Stefan Selle: Camino Francés - 888 kilometers in 88 steps . 1st edition. Self-published, Saarbrücken 2008, ISBN 978-3-00-024137-6 .
  • Heidi Beate Strobel: Buen camino, peregrina. Steps on the Camino de Santiago . 1st edition. Books on Demand, Norderstedt 2005, ISBN 3-8334-3426-0 .
  • Martin Thull: Attention, pilgrims! - Notes from the Camino de Santiago 2000-2007 . 1st edition. Vier-Türme-Verlag, Münsterschwarzach 2016, ISBN 978-3-7365-0016-7 .
  • Christian Wittenberg: Direct my feet, sir. As a pilgrim to the “True Jacob” and to the “end of the world” . 1st edition. Publishing house Monika Fuchs, Hildesheim 2008, ISBN 978-3-940078-03-2 .

phrasebook

  • Raimund Joos: Little Pilgrim's Language Guide - Spanish and more for the Camino de Santiago . 1st edition. Conrad Stein Verlag, Welver 2011, ISBN 978-3-86686-914-1 .

Maps

  • Instituto Geográfico Nacionál (Ed.): Santiago en los caminos históricos de la Península Ibérica (1: 1,000,000) . 1994.
  • Centro Nacionál de Informacion Geográfica (Ed.): El Camino de Santiago (1: 500,000) . Madrid (Spanish, map showing the routes in northwestern Spain).
  • Way of St. James - Camino de Santiago - Chemin de Saint-Jacques (1: 350,000) . 1st edition. Manfred Zentgraf, Volkach 2003, ISBN 3-928542-54-0 (Northern Spain with the main route Camino francés and complete itinerary).
  • The Ways of St. James in France - Les Chemins de Saint-Jacques en France - The Ways of St. James in France (1: 800,000) . 2nd Edition. Manfred Zentgraf, Volkach 2006, ISBN 3-928542-55-9 (The four main routes with their complete itinerary and many secondary routes are shown).
  • Northern Spain, Way of St. James (1: 350,000) . 6th edition. Publishing group Reise Know-How, Bielefeld 2012, ISBN 978-3-8317-7079-3 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Article on the Portuguese Way of St. James
  2. ^ Raimund Joos: Caminho Português: from Porto to Santiago de Compostela, 3rd edition. 2010.
  3. ^ Hermann Hass: Portugal, Spain. Way of St. James Eastern Portugal: Via Lusitana from the Algarve to Ourense. 2009; 2nd Edition. 2017.
  4. ↑ Amis de Saint Jacques en Alsace
  5. ↑ Volker Honemann : Künig, Hermann, von Vach. In: Author's Lexicon . Volume V, Col. 437 f.
  6. ↑ Scallop in Grevenmacher, page 8 (pdf) ( Memento from December 22, 2015 in the Internet Archive ), on grevenmacher.lu, accessed on December 2, 2015.
  7. ↑ The Way of St. James in Luxembourg , on caminosantiago.lu, accessed on December 2, 2015.
  8. ↑ Land registry office: Way of St. James in Luxembourg , on tourisme.geoportail.lu, accessed on December 2, 2015.
  9. ↑ Sankt Jakobi: destination and hostel . In: Lübecker Nachrichten, supplement Beautiful Advent season . November 26, 2010, p. 21 .
  10. ^ Website of the Northern Germany section in the Deutsche St. Jakobus-Gesellschaft e. V. Accessed January 10, 2014 .
  11. ^ Website of the St. Jakobus Gesellschaft Sachsen-Anhalt e. V. Accessed January 10, 2014 .
  12. ↑ The Hamburg Way of St. James is now signposted . In: Hamburger Abendblatt . July 23, 2008, p. 15 . or Jakobspilgerweg in Hamburg's city center .
  13. ^ Website of the Lühe-Schulau ferry. Retrieved January 9, 2014 .
  14. ↑ Press release of the Lord Mayor of Aue on May 3rd, 2017: Invitation to the Midissage exhibition “Jakobsweg” in the Auer Stadtwerke on May 9th, 2017 at 6:30 pm .
  15. ↑ The Jakobi Church on the website of the Protestant parish of Herford-Mitte ( Memento from January 21, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) (accessed April 17, 2015)
  16. ↑ Press release of fiber from May 6, 2014
  17. ↑ Path 4 on the LWL website
  18. ↑ https://www.paderborn.de/microsite/naturkundemuseum/download/Pilgerherberge_im_Dom_zu_Paderborn__W._Tack_.pdf
  19. ↑ https://www.jakobspilger.lwl.org/de/routen/heerweg/
  20. ↑ https://www.jakobspilger.lwl.org/de/routen/heidenstrasse/
  21. ^ Gertraud and Heinz-Egon Rösch: Roman roads between the Moselle and the Rhine . 1st edition. Mainz 2010, ISBN 978-3-00-029335-1 , p. 58-60 .
  22. ^ Fränkischer Albverein (Ed.): On the Way of St. James from Tillyschanz via Schwandorf to Nuremberg . Verlag Seehars, Uffenheim 1997, ISBN 3-927598-22-4 , p. 9 .
  23. ^ Fränkischer Albverein (Ed.): On the Way of St. James from Nuremberg via Heilsbronn to Rothenburg ob der Tauber . Verlag Seehars, Uffenheim 1995, ISBN 3-927598-18-6 , p. 23 .
  24. ↑ Main-Post : The Way of St. James in words and pictures . September 23, 2013. Online at www.mainpost.de. Retrieved July 5, 2016.
  25. ↑ Fränkische Nachrichten : Really fascinated by the Jakobsweg Main-Tauber . February 27, 2015. Online at www.fnweb.de. Retrieved July 5, 2016.
  26. ↑ The Way of St. James in Southeast Bavaria at a glance. Retrieved January 10, 2014 .
  27. ↑ Jakobsweg Weinviertel ( memento from July 15, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) accessed on January 20, 2016.
  28. ↑ a b The Way of St. James from Prague to Tillyschanz / Eslarn , accessed on January 20, 2016.

Web links

Commons : Way of St. James  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wiktionary: Way of St. James  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations