Salurner Klause

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The Salurner Klause seen from the north
View from the Salurner Klause in south direction

The Salurner Klause ( Italian Chiusa di Salorno or Stretta di Salorno ) is a section of the Adige Valley in the border area between South Tyrol and Trentino ( Italy ). The Salurner Klause is traditionally considered the German-Italian language border .

topography

At an altitude of 207  m slm near the villages of Salurn and Roverè della Luna , the valley of the Adige, which flows through the lowlands in a north-south direction up to this point, makes a bend to the south-west. This kink between the rock falls of the vulture on the orographic left and the Fennberg on the orographic right side is called a hermitage . However, this is not really a bottleneck: the flat, agriculturally used valley floor is still relatively wide and passable for the Brenner Railway , the Brenner Motorway and the Brenner State Road without restriction.

history

The Haderburg

The Haderburg , which guards the Salurner Klause on a steep rock on the northern slope of the Vulture, was first mentioned in a travel report in 1053. The hermitage itself was first mentioned in a document around 1330 as the " Salurner Chlause ".

A language divide, albeit inconsistent, between north and south developed at the Salurner Klause from around 1600 (initially on the left of the Adige) and only solidified in the 19th century. More recent research has asserted that the area should be seen as a “premodern transition line”, which was characterized by the intersection of divergent legal circles and rulers ( County of Tyrol , Archdiocese of Trento ). The idea of ​​compactly opposing ethnic spaces is due to the nationalisms popularized in the 19th century , for which the Salurner Klause became a symbol of defensive or conquest struggles. Accordingly, the valley floor between Geier and Fennberg has since served as both a linguistic and a cultural border between the closed German and Italian-speaking settlement areas.

Parts of Italian irredentism (the so-called "salornisti" around Cesare Battisti ) advocated the establishment of the future Italian-Austrian state border at the Salurner Klause. After Italy had been awarded historical Tyrol as far as the main Alpine ridge after the First World War , Benito Mussolini expressed the goal of forgetting the idea of ​​a linguistic-cultural border near Salurn in the course of the Italianization of South Tyrol. Accordingly, in 1927 the border between the two young provinces of Bolzano and Trento was drawn further north at Branzoll . Nevertheless, the Salurner Klause was still considered the southern cornerstone of the “German” South Tyrol, as it was implicitly defined in the Bolzano mountaineering song by Karl Felderer . In post-war democratic Italy, there were repeated political initiatives (including the Castelfeder protest rally ), in which an annexation of the lowlands to the province of Bolzano or a border at the Salurner Klause was called for. These demands were ultimately successful, and since January 1, 1948, the border between the mostly German-speaking South Tyrol and the almost exclusively Italian-speaking Trentino has run between Salurn and Roverè della Luna.

literature

  • Martin Schweiggl, Franz Hauser: Unterland . Tappeiner: Lana-Bozen 1989. ISBN 88-7073-053-0
  • Hannes Obermair : Social Production of Law? The wisdom of the court Salurn in South Tyrol from 1403. In: Concilium Medii Aevi , 4, 2001, pp. 179–208 ( online , PDF file; 274 kB)
  • Siglinde Clementi, Andrea Di Michele, Emanuela Renzetti, Ingo Schneider (Eds.): Seven places of transition in Tyrol, South Tyrol and Trentino . Edition Raetia: Bozen 2012. ISBN 978-88-7283-423-7
  • Salurner Büchl. Contributions to the local history of Salurn (Schlern-Schriften 155). Wagner: Innsbruck 2015. ISBN 978-3-703008733

Web links

Commons : Salurner Klause  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Otto Stolz : The expansion of Germanness in South Tyrol in the light of the documents. Volume 2: The spread of Germanness in the Bozner Unterland and Überetsch as well as in the German communities in Nonsberg and Fleimstal. Oldenbourg, Munich-Berlin 1928, p. 268, No. 9a.
  2. ↑ Hannes Obermair: Social Production of Law? The wisdom of the court Salurn in South Tyrol from 1403. In: Concilium Medii Aevi , 4, 2001, p. 181.

Coordinates: 46 ° 14 ′ 51.1 "  N , 11 ° 11 ′ 53"  E