Haderburg

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Haderburg
The towering Haderburg

The towering Haderburg

Alternative name (s): Castello di Salorno
Creation time : before 1053
Castle type : Hilltop castle
Conservation status: restored ruin
Place: Salurn
Geographical location 46 ° 14 '8 "  N , 11 ° 12' 22.4"  E Coordinates: 46 ° 14 '8 "  N , 11 ° 12' 22.4"  E
Haderburg (South Tyrol)
Haderburg

The Haderburg (also: "Salurn Castle") is a high medieval castle ruin above Salurn in South Tyrol . It has guarded the Salurner Klause since time immemorial , today the border between the closed German and Italian- speaking areas as well as between South Tyrol and Trentino .

location

The core of the former hilltop castle stands on a steep limestone cliff on the northern slope of the Vulture , at an altitude of 353 m, southwest of the center of Salurn, about 125 m below. The castle complex can be reached from a car park at the foot of the mountain via an approximately 900 meter long, well-developed, but sometimes steep hiking trail.

description

The ruin stands on a steep rock
The main tower is made of porphyry

The castle complex looks impressive, but is now an uninhabited ruin. It is noteworthy that the keep is not made of limestone. The building material ( porphyry stone ) had to be brought in and transported up to a great height.

The original plan was probably only in this dungeon, a palace and a Embracing wall . In the 14th century, a bailey was added , also located on the Felszahn .

In the early modern period , extensive bastions and barriers were added, which also make the complex extremely interesting from a fortification point of view. These systems are mostly located opposite the Felszahn in the vulture walls and take up a larger area than the core castle itself.

history

Haderburg was first mentioned in a travelogue in 1053 and probably dates from the first castle building period. She stands on a steep, free-standing rock in the vulture walls.

In 1158, when the castle was owned by the Counts of Eppan at Hocheppan Castle , Pope Hadrian IV sent his two most distinguished cardinals to Germany with gifts of honor for Emperor Barbarossa , but at the hermitage they were attacked and robbed by the knights from the castellum Salurna . The cardinals were captured and demanded for ransom. As a punishment, Hocheppan Castle was destroyed by a punitive expedition led by Duke Heinrich the Lion (but rebuilt afterwards).

The most important north-south connection at its feet, the castle stood at a strategically extremely important point. Around the year 1200 it came into the possession of the Counts of Tyrol , 50 years before the unification of the "Land in the Mountains", later Tyrol, in 1248. From here the noble family from Merano conquered almost the entire lowlands. In 1284 the castle finally came to Meinhard II of Görz-Tirol . In 1349 it was besieged and broken by Ludwig von Brandenburg . In the late 14th and 15th centuries the castle and court of Salurn were owned by Messrs. Botsch , who appointed Bartolome Perger here as the caretaker in 1397 . In 1514, the Habsburg Emperor Maximilian I ordered the construction of the fortress on the mountain side and other extensions. You can see bastions, barrier walls, a roundabout and other elements that have withstood firearms.

Serviced castle courtyard

In 1648, the Haderburg, along with Caldiff , Enn Castle and Königsberg Castle, passed as a fief to the powerful Venetian patricians Zenobio (and later the Counts Albrizzi), who also owned other castles in Tyrol and Trentino and from which the Habsburg sovereigns had taken out credit . There was great protest in the Tyrolean nobility against this feudal grant to an influential family of the “hereditary enemy” Republic of Venice . A few decades later the Haderburg lost its strategic importance and was no longer inhabited, whereupon a continuous process of decay began, which was only stopped at the beginning of the 21st century.

With the help of the South Tyrolean provincial administration and the Südtiroler Sparkasse Foundation , the building has been restored and made accessible to visitors since 2003. The castle is accessible via a well-developed forest path, which is lit in the evening, is around 900 meters long and has a steep incline at the end, called the “Path of Visions”. There are stairs, railings, viewing platforms and a "castle tavern" managed by the owner with tables and benches in the open courtyard. In addition, cultural events take place several times a year.

In April 2011, an independent gastronomic tenant was found for the restoration in the courtyard and in the hall of the simple knights . From mid-April to the end of October, from Wednesday to Sunday, it is operated in the style of a “medieval castle tavern” with drinks and meals that are typical of the time and the season.

Say "The old wine cellar near Salurn"

The castle is also the scene of the legend The old wine cellar near Salurn , which is included in the collection called German legends of the Brothers Grimm ( first volume, legend number 15 ).

According to the legend, Christoph Patzeber came across the ruins of the old Salurn castle in 1688. When he visited the castle, he found an underground wine cellar with 18 barrels in which delicious wine was stored. The man used it. When he was about to leave, he saw three old men sitting at a small table on which a blackboard was written in chalk. They allowed the citizen to go and always help himself to the wine, which he did for a year. Once three neighbors visited him and drank some wine. They believed he had received the wine unjustly and sued him. Patzeber told the court how he got the wine and was acquitted. When he went back to the castle to fetch new wine, he couldn't find the cellar. Instead, he was hit by an invisible hand, whereupon he fell half dead to the ground. Patzeber saw the three old men again who were drawing a cross on the board. He pulled himself up and dragged himself back into town, where he died ten days later.

literature

  • Walter Landi: Haderburg. The festivals at the Salurner Klause (=  castles . Band 5 ). Schnell and Steiner, Regensburg 2010, ISBN 978-3-7954-2163-2 .
  • Walter Landi: Haderburg (Salurn) . In: Magdalena Hörmann-Weingartner (Ed.): Tiroler Burgenbuch. Volume X: Überetsch and South Tyrolean Unterland . Athesia publishing house, Bozen 2011, ISBN 978-88-8266-780-1 , pp. 387-404.

Web links

Commons : Haderburg  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Autonomous Province of Bolzano-South Tyrol, GeoBrowser, http://gis2.provinz.bz.it/geobrowser/
  2. ↑ Hannes Obermair : Social Production of Law? The wisdom of the court of Salurn in South Tyrol from 1403 . In: Concilium Medii Aevi . 4 . 2001, pp. 179-208, reference p. 182.
  3. ↑ Book German legends by Jacob Grimm and Wilhelm Grimm on Google books