Kehlburg

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Kehlburg Castle
Castello di Chela (Gais) .jpg
Alternative name (s): Castello di Chela
Creation time : around 1100

(first documentary mention)

Castle type : Hilltop castle
Conservation status: ruin
Place: Gais
Geographical location 46 ° 49 '23.8 "  N , 11 ° 57' 36.3"  E Coordinates: 46 ° 49 '23.8 "  N , 11 ° 57' 36.3"  E
Height: 1198  m
Kehlburg (South Tyrol)
Kehlburg

The to ruin become Kehlburg located in the municipality Gais in Taufers in South Tyrol ( Italy ). The free-standing castle complex , which can be seen from afar, is now almost completely overgrown and can hardly be seen from the valley.

history

In the Brixen tradition book , a locus Chela is mentioned in the year 933 , from which Bishop Altwin bought a piece of land from the nobilis Liuto , possibly the place where the Kehlburg was later built. Since the chapel in the Kehlburg was consecrated in 1113, it can be assumed that the castle already existed around 1100. A Heinrich Salzmann de Cheleburch from Brixen Ministerialengeschlecht the lords of Castelrotto mentioned 1147-1155 several times and had the Burghut on Kehlburg held. The brothers Friedrich and Gebehard von Kehlburg , mentioned in a Neustift document in 1182, also came from the same family. In 1202 a Gerloch and Friedrich Salzmann and in 1242 a Philipp Salzmann are mentioned. This was followed by the Lords of Aichach as fiefs before 1262 . As a result of a lost feud with the Brixen bishop Bruno von Kirchberg , Wilhelm the Younger von Aichach had to return the Kehlburg to the Brixen monastery . Since 1270, the Kehlburg was under the court of Bruneck , which had been in the possession of the Brixen bishops since 1250.

The Kehlburg was then no longer issued as a fiefdom, but was directly subordinate to the diocese of Brixen . In the course of the changes made by Count Meinhard II of Görz-Tirol, the Kehlburg came under Meinhardin administration, but was returned to the bishopric in the 14th century. A number of episcopal carers are known: Jakob von Luttach (1342) and Konrad Stuck (1352). In 1386 the Kehlburg was pledged by Bishop Friedrich to the Diocese of Chiemsee , and in 1387 it was given as a pledge to Albrecht Saczinger. His successor Ulrich Sulzbeck von Rischon was granted the castle hat for life in 1402. Between 1411 and 1418 Christoph Kemerer was captain of the castle, from 1433 to 1441 the brothers Sigmund and Laurenz Wirsung were cared for for life. After that, Jakob von Luttach, a cousin of the Wirsunger, took over the care until 1457. Also in the 15th and first half of the 16th century, the keepers at the castle changed quickly. Perhaps the associated ruin of the castle was the reason to give it back as a fief. The Trento prince-bishop and coadjutor Christoph von Madruz gave the Kehlburg to Hans II von Rost zu Aufhofen (1494–1577) on June 19, 1545 , but with the condition that the castle, which was threatened by decay, be restored. Hans von Rost is said to have slipped on scaffolding on the Kehlburg in May 1577 and sustained fatal injuries. The von Rost family stayed at the Kehlburg until the end of the 19th century. Under Hans von Rost, the Kehlburg was converted into a representative Renaissance castle. He was followed by Karl von Rost († 1567) and then Engelhard von Rost († 1630). Engelhard founded an educational institute for ten noble boys on the Kehlburg. He was succeeded by his son Hans Veit von Rost zu Aufhofen and Kehlburg, who died in 1639, and then his grandson Paul Alfons von Rost zu Aufhofen and Kehlburg (1628–1690). Then Johann Siegmund von Rost zu Aufhofen and Kehlburg (1653–1734) inherited the castle as the son of the latter. Successors were then in direct generational succession Johann Paul (born 1687) and Johann Josef Ignaz von Rost zu Aufhofen and Kehlburg. The last member of the simple aristocratic line was Josef Karl von Rost, born in 1761 and ordained a priest in 1784. He was a cooperator in Gais and then canon in San Candido Abbey until he died in 1809. Until 1805, the Kehlburg remained in the Rost family branch, which descended from the aforementioned Karl Rost. Then she came to the baronial branch of the family, which descended from Dionys I (a brother of Karl). The first of this family branch was Josef Benedikt von Rost zu Aufhofen and Kehlburg, who in 1798 sold the Schrottwinkel zu Sand estate, which was owned by Rost, to the Counts of Ferrari . His successor Karl, accountant at the Innsbruck Higher Regional Court, ended the long line of Rostschen Kehlburg owners. In 1871 the castle was allodialized , but largely left to its fate.

Hermann von Gilm (1812–1864), the intellectual center of the Bruneck casino society , turned the Kehlburg May Festival into artistic and social highlights.

In 1891 the Kehlburg was sold by Karl Freiherr von Rost to Sigmund Bubics (1821–1909), the auxiliary bishop of Kaschau in Hungary . He had the castle renovated and refurbished generously between 1893 and 1898, and he also bought another 17 properties around the castle. A wind turbine built in 1900 supplied the nearby castle with the energy generated. This wind turbine is located on a knoll in the middle of the forest near the castle and was revitalized in the 21st century. In 1917 the castle had to be sold because of the accumulated debts and came to the couple Wilhelm Assia and Anna Steffens. These had the entrance area of ​​the castle redesigned. The owner Consul Wilhelm Steffens was expropriated in the course of the confiscation of foreign property and the Italian state transferred the facility of the Opera Nazionale per i Combattenti and in 1941 to the Societá Castelli di Chela in Montassilone (Tesselberg), a company of the brothers Bruno and Pasquale Vascellari, which often changed the names of their companies (most recently Investimenti Finanziari SPA ), but were not interested in maintaining a castle.

A fire on April 30, 1944 caused great damage to the castle. For the time being, the pastor von Gais, Anton Hopfgartner, was able to prevent it from decaying. He had the castle and the chapel re-covered. In 1964 the castle was suspected of being used by South Tyrolean assassins as an explosives store and as a hiding place. During the search of the Italian police, the castle was broken into and in the following years the open castle and chapel were robbed. A committee founded in 1988 wanted to use the castle for charitable purposes with the help of private and public funds, but this project failed. In 1997 Gotthard and Werner Seeber from Gais acquired the complex with the associated forest property, but left the castle to decay.

Construction site

The original plan of the hilltop castle is expected a great hall with a high Bering have been. Romanesque masonry has still been preserved. The cuboids on the corner edges partially extend to the second floor. The wall of the northern Bering dates from the 16th century and from the time of Rost's reconstruction. A keep is suspected on the east side. The polygonal complex has two inner courtyards. The external appearance of the castle corresponds to the Renaissance renovation. Windows and cleaning bottles date from the baroque period . During the time of Consul Steffen, the outer enclosure wall was provided with five roundels and a crenellated wreath , the eastern entrance area was completely redesigned.

The previously existing coat of arms stone of Prince-Bishop Christoph von Madruz has been broken off, the lettering is still preserved. Above the inscription is a key notch ; the old gate wall is still preserved. A tower erected in the northeast corner (previously with a conical roof , possibly the location of the Romanesque keep) collapsed in 1994 with part of the tower walls. In the inner courtyard there is a carefully walled cistern .

Ceiling fresco in the Kehlburg chapel: St. George killing the dragon

The St. The castle chapel, consecrated to Erasmus , was presumably inaugurated on June 29, 1113 by Bishop Gebhard von Trient . St. Erasmus was regarded as a valued helper in the case of illnesses, especially abdominal pain and stomach ailments. The chapel was fundamentally redesigned in 1715 and consecrated again in 1718 by Prince-Bishop Kaspar Ignaz von Künigl . The inventory of the chapel has disappeared, the painting by Johann Rudifera from Abbey from 1893 (ceiling painting of St. Michael , Our Lady with stucco framing) is in extremely poor condition. The chapel is dominated by a bell tower with a pyramid roof. The chapel used to be a popular pilgrimage destination and until the 19th century was provided with a mass foundation that dates back to the 14th century. On the third Sunday after Michaelmas , the parish fair in Mühlbach , pilgrims from all over Taufers came to St. Erasmus on the Kehlburg. They started from the Tauferer parish church, held a short prayer in every church (mills, Stockkapelle Uttenheim, parish church Uttenheim, castle chapel Neuhaus and parish church Gais) and then went to the Mühlbach church festival after invoking St. Erasmus von Kehlburg via Tesselberg. After the police action of 1964, all this came to a standstill.

There are gardens and terraces below the castle. An artificial grotto was created here as the center of the garden by Bishop Bubics. Today all this is devastated and neglected.

For the supply of the castle, the extensive Gaisinger Murkegel was valuable meadow and arable land, which, however, required artificial irrigation. At the foot of the castle hill, across the cone of the Mur, a Waal between Mühlbach and Bärental , a U-shaped ditch with a barely noticeable gradient and branching rivulets (so-called Kehlburger Waal ) was created. The Waalweg begins a little below the Bärentalhof and leads through a closed forest. At one point, a weather-protecting pulpit has been built into the rock niche over an abyss.

literature

  • Julia Hörmann: Kehlburg . In: Magdalena Hörmann-Weingartner (ed.), Tiroler Burgenbuch. IX. Volume: Val Pusteria . Athesia Publishing House, Bozen 2003, ISBN 978-88-8266-163-2 , pp. 229–248.

Web links

Commons : Kehlburg  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Evidence in the Tyrolean document book , Section II: The documents for the history of the Inn, Eisack and Pustertal valleys , vol. 1: Up to the year 1140 , revised. by Martin Bitschnau and Hannes Obermair . Innsbruck: Wagner 2009, p. 430f. No. 291 ("Dedicatio ecclesie castri in Chelburgk"). ISBN 978-3-7030-0469-8