Hochnaturns Castle

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Hochnaturns Castle, view from the west

The Hochnaturns Castle is a castle in the South Tyrolean market town of Naturns in Vinschgau . The Höhenburg stands on the slope of the Sonnenberg amidst vineyards.

In the 12./13. Created in the 16th century, the complex was essentially given its present-day external appearance during their wedding in the 16th century, but the interior was changed significantly through numerous renovations. The complex has been a listed building since 1950 . It is privately owned and cannot be visited.

history

Hochnaturns Castle on a steel engraving by William Tombleson

The current castle complex developed from a Romanesque residential tower in the 12th or early 13th century . The builders were the lords of Naturns, documented since 1237, who were ministerials of the Counts of Tyrol . Their castle was first mentioned in documents in 1312. In the middle of the 14th century those of Naturns died out, and the castle came to her daughter Katharina von Maretsch via Ursula von Naturns and thus to this noble family . From 1495 Hieronymus von Maretsch was lord of the castle. He was the last male offspring of the family and died in 1508. After his death, Hochnaturns returned to the feudal lord as a settled fiefdom . Emperor Maximilian I then lent it to the husband of Hieronymus' daughter Katharina, Leonhard (Lienhart) von Völs. The von Völs did not keep the fief for long, because it was owned by the von Tschötsch family as early as 1538. That year the castle was destroyed by fire, but was rebuilt by Abundus von Tschötsch until 1568. During this reconstruction, he furnished the so-called Hall of the Reformers with pictures of Martin Luther , Jan Hus , Johannes Calvin and Huldrych Zwingli .

View of the castle from the southwest by Jakob August Lorent, 1873–1884

The castle experienced its wedding in the 16th century. At that time it was expanded and expanded. In 1563 Johannes Abundus Tschötsch bought the complex for 1500 guilders and made it a free allod of his family. After Friedrich von Tschötsch's death in 1601, Hochnaturns came to the family of her husband Andreas von Fieger zu Friedberg through his daughter Dorothea. Elevated to the rank of count in the 17th century , the family died out on July 2, 1802 with Johann Valerian in the male line. The castle came as inheritance to Count Johann von Mohr, who also owned the nearby Tarantsberg Castle . The meanwhile dilapidated complex was bought by Franz Ritter von Goldegg in 1836, who had it repaired before it came into rural possession in 1838 and temporarily served as a poor house. In 1895 Gottfried Georg Haas acquired the property and had security work carried out on the buildings. This stopped the decay, but neither the existing buildings nor the original appearance of the castle was taken into account. In 1913 it was sold to August Kleeberg from Frankfurt. During his time as lord of the castle, billeting took place in the complex during the First World War , which caused considerable damage. Kleeberg had the castle repaired from 1928 according to plans by the Merano architect Adalbert Wietek . After Josefine Mastropaolo-Schguanin had acquired Hochnaturns in 1952, she had the facility redesigned and operated a castle hotel in it. Hochnaturns Castle has served as the private residence of the Mastropaola family since 1992.

description

Hochnaturns Castle, view from the southeast

The original structure of the castle complex has been greatly changed by the numerous renovations over the course of history. The oldest part is the square keep with swallowtail battlements , which is called the Oswald Tower . It takes its name from the Teutonic Knight Oswald von Naturns and dates from the middle of the 13th century. Its 7.8 meter long outer walls are 1.7 meters thick. The 26 meter high tower has five storeys with humpback cuboids in the corner. The second, smaller round tower of the castle complex, called the Small Tower , was built around the same time . He is the with double arched windows equipped Palas in front at the south side. Like the entire castle, this was given its external appearance in the 16th century. At that time it had an upscale interior, including wood paneling , marble door frames and tiled stoves .

literature

  • Thomas Bitterli-Waldvogel: South Tyrolean castle map. South Tyrolean Castle Institute, Bozen 1995, ISBN 88-85176-12-7 , p. 180.
  • Marcello Caminiti: The castles of South Tyrol. Castles, palaces, residences and well-fortified monasteries and cities in South Tyrol, past and present. Manfrini, Calliano [approx. 1975], pp. 215-217.
  • Luise Corradini: Hochnaturns, the tower castle. In: Bozner Tagblatt . Edition of September 30, 1944, p. 6 ( digitized version ).
  • August Kleeberg: Hochnaturns Castle in the years 1895–1945. In: Castles and Palaces . Journal for Castle Research and Monument Preservation. Volume 3, No. 1, 1962, ISSN  0007-6201 , pp. 8–11, doi: 10.11588 / bus.1962.1.41152 .
  • P. Cölestin Stampfer : Palaces and castles in Merano and environs. Verlag der Wagner'schen Universitätsbuchhandlung, Innsbruck 1894, pp. 52–55 ( digitized version ).
  • Oswald Trapp : Tiroler Burgenbuch. Volume II: Burgrave Office . Publishing house Athesia, Bozen 1980, pp. 18-27.

Web links

Commons : Burg Hochnaturns  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Hochnaturns Castle in the monument browser on the website of the South Tyrolean Monuments Office
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Castle history on burgenwelt.org , accessed on August 19, 2015.
  3. ↑ a b c d Friedrich-Wilhelm Krahe: Castles of the German Middle Ages. Floor plan lexicon. Flechsig, Würzburg 2000, ISBN 3-88189-360-1 , p. 415.
  4. ↑ a b c Cölestin Stampfer: Palaces and castles in Meran and surroundings. 1894, p. 54.
  5. ↑ Marcello Caminiti: The castles of South Tyrol. [approx. 1975], p. 216.
  6. ↑ Entry on Hochnaturns Castle in the private database "Alle Burgen".
  7. ^ Johann Jakob Staffler : Tirol and Vorarlberg, statistical and topographical. Rauch, Innsbruck 1846, p. 674 ( digitized version ).
  8. ↑ Cölestin Stampfer: Palaces and castles in Meran and surroundings. 1894, p. 55.
  9. ^ Roberto Donati: Castles of Trentino and South Tyrol. Plurigraf, Narni 1977, p. 149.
  10. ↑ August Kleeberg: Hochnaturns Castle in the years 1895 to 1945. 1962, p. 10.
  11. ↑ Information according to "All castles"; Krahe puts the number of floors at seven and gives the height at 27 meters. See Friedrich-Wilhelm Krahe: Castles of the German Middle Ages. Floor plan lexicon. Flechsig, Würzburg 2000, ISBN 3-88189-360-1 , p. 415.

Coordinates: 46 ° 39 ′ 12.4 "  N , 11 ° 0 ′ 12.1"  E