Jakobuskapelle (Wolfach)

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View of the Jakobus chapel on the Way of St. James, 2018
St. James from the southeast
Signpost near St. Jakobus

The Jakobuskapelle Wolfach , located on a mountain slope south of the Kinzig , belongs to the parish of St. Laurentius in Wolfach in the Ortenaukreis , Baden-Württemberg . It is a pilgrimage destination on July 25th, St. James Day . In addition to the location, the main decoration is the ensemble of three baroque altars.

history

The history of the Wolfach parish of St. Laurentius , first mentioned in 1275, goes back to the 11th century. Notes on the history of the chapel can be found in the brotherhood books of the Wolfach brotherhood to St. James about a good death , which the Constance bishop Franz Johann von Prasberg approved in 1664. The first brotherhood book burned in 1694. The oldest surviving from 1710 reports that in 1033 a "pious brother named Conrad von Kalb" had the Count Heinrich VI. von Fürstenberg asked for permission to build a little Jakobus church. The year "1033" contrasts with the lifetime of Henry VI, who was buried in St. Laurentius in 1490 . That is why it is usually corrected to "1433". In 1983 Wolfach and St. Laurentius celebrated the 550th anniversary of the chapel. But there are other indications of a higher age, such as wall remains in Roman road construction nearby, according to which the Roman Kinzig Valley road ran halfway up the mountain protected from flooding. The road may have been used as part of a Jacob pilgrimage route in the Middle Ages . Wolfach Count Maximilian Franz von Fürstenberg, builder of Wolfach Castle , mentions in a document from 1679 that the chapel was "built 600 years ago without risk." So there was a firm tradition in the 17th century that the Jakobuskapelle began back to the 11th century. Finally, the chapel bell delivered during the First World War bore the year "ANNO DNI MCCCCXXVII", 1427.

St. Jakobus around 1875, still without an economic building

The brotherhood extended over the entire central Black Forest. More than 200 people were accepted in the anniversary year of 1764. But then "the zeitgeist of the Enlightenment , the veneration of saints, pilgrimages and many other piety exercises dismissed as nonsensical superstitions, <...> noticeable." The Constance Vicar General Ignaz Heinrich von Wessenberg also abolished the Wolfacher Jakobus Brotherhood with other brotherhoods. Andreas Schill, Wolfach parish administrator from 1875 to 1880, succeeded in getting it confirmed by Pope Leo XIII. to revitalize. "Since then, new members have joined the brotherhood every year."

The former Wolfach pastor Josef Stüble and the head of the Catholic educational organization Wolfach-Oberwolfach Walter Schmider (* 1927) have researched the history and shape of the chapel.

Building history

In the year the brotherhood was founded in 1664, Franz Johann von Prasberg also consecrated a Jakobuskapelle, built between 1659 and 1660 - built on the foundations of presumably several previous chapels, one of which was destroyed in 1540 on the orders of Wilhelm von Fürstenberg , who for a short time, from about 1543 to 1548, the Reformation had introduced in Wolfach . As early as 1680, the chapel from 1659/1660 was replaced by a larger one with the support of Maximilian Franz von Fürstenberg, the current one. Thanks to a donation from the sisters of the nearby Wittichen monastery, the spring at the chapel was redesigned as a fountain to the left of the main entrance. An outside pulpit was installed above the main entrance . A small chapel with a holy grave was added on the valley side, consecrated to St. Anthony of Padua . The hut of the hermit or sacristan looking after the building was replaced by a solid construction. At the end of the 17th and beginning of the 18th century, the Jakobuskapelle received its baroque interior.

Under the 1880-1897 at St. Lawrence , the interior was active pastor Gustav Rieder neugotisch repainted and rebuilt in the neogothic the Antonius chapel. The sacristan's house was expanded to include a utility building with a toilet facility. During a thorough renovation from 1952 to 1953, the neo-Gothic overpainting was removed so that the chapel regained its “light, happy, baroque character”. From 1982 to 1983 the exterior was renovated. The neo-Gothic painting was renewed on the Antonius Chapel.

building

An unadorned, plastered quarry stone building, the chapel lies in the midst of picturesque nature. The outer pulpit above the arched main portal bears the year "1680". Above it is a clay statue of St. James, the Fürstenberg coat of arms and a clock. Shells above the pilgrimage fountain frame the coat of arms of the Wittichen monastery, the blessing hand of Christ in front of a cross. Three wayside shrines are set up next to it. The ridge above the choir is decorated with a cross with a weather vane and at the top a small statue of St. James. On the valley side, next to a side entrance, the neo-Gothic Antonius Chapel is added. A covered sandstone staircase leads down to the Holy Sepulcher.

Furnishing

The interior is a bright, folksy, splendid, ivory-white painted room, in which a rounded triumphal arch separates the nave from the polygonal choir. The nave is spanned by a coffered flat wooden ceiling, the choir a suggestion of a ribbed vault. The choir vault is decorated with small green stars. The coffered ceiling was decorated by Konrad Schmider (1859–1898) from the vicinity of Wolfach with a painting Maria, standing on clouds, protecting Wolfach , signed “Schmider 1880”, surrounded by symbols of the evangelists and symbols from the Lauretanian litany . The rear part of the ship is taken up by a large gallery supported on two wooden columns.

  • View towards the choir

  • "Maria protects Wolfach"

  • Legend: Finding the James statue

  • Legend: Vows of the new chapel building

Two pictures by Schmider on the wall of the choir arch, next to a sculpture of God the Father , tell the legend of its creation. While looking after their flock, children heard a lovely song that seemed to come from a fir tree. A statue of St. James the Elder was found in their trunk. The first chapel was then built under the direction of the pious Conrad von Kalb. After the 1540 was destroyed, children discovered the ruins in 1655, secretly erected a small altar and held processions. The interest of the adults was aroused and the new building from 1659/60 was initiated.

Main artist of the three marmorierend combined altars are members of the Black Forest sculptor clan Schupp, especially Johann Schupp (* 1631 in Villingen , † probably 1699 ibid) and his son Anton Joseph (* 1664 in Villingen, † 1729 ibid).

  • Left side altar

  • High altar

  • Right side altar

The main altar is dated 1705. Four pillars on each side on the main floor and three pillars in the extension create “deep niches with a very effective perspective and space for a whole series of figures of saints”. In the middle of the main floor there is James in a golden robe with the pilgrim attributes coat, staff and hat with shell and a reliquary on the chest, on the left Saint Peter and on the right Saint Paul . In the middle of the excerpt are Saint Joseph of Nazareth with the baby Jesus, on the left Georg and Wendelin , at Wendelin's feet the royal crown, which he spurned, on the right Jodokus and Rochus as pilgrims, Rochus pointing to the plague on his thigh. At the top is St. John , the brother of James ( Mt 4,21  EU ). There are also plenty of garlands, flowers, fruits, putti and angel heads. Hermann Ginter , the state curator of the ecclesiastical art monuments of the Archdiocese of Freiburg, said: “You hardly go wrong if you are looking for the master of the Wolfach altars in the vicinity of the Villingen masters, father and son Schupp, who at about the same time created the magnificent picture of Triberg . Some things here in St. Jakob bear their signature, others are the work of other hands. "

The two somewhat older side altars complement the main altar in beautiful symmetry, instead of multiple columns with only one column on both sides.

On the main floor of the left side altar, the apostle John is flanked by Catherine of Alexandria with a sword and a martyr's palm and Ursula of Cologne with the arrows of her martyrdom. The extract includes a painting by Schmider from 1883, St. Apollonia with pliers and tooth, flanked by statues of St. Barbara of Nicomedia and St. Lucia of Syracuse . The IHS Jesus monogram crowns the structure.

The right side altar is consecrated to St. Anne , according to the apocryphal writings of Mother Mary. Schmider's picture in the middle of the main floor shows Anna, Maria and the baby Jesus as Anna herself third , his picture in the excerpt Maria with her father Joachim, also mentioned in apocryphal writings . On the left side of the main picture, St. Vitus stands on a book with the oil pot, into which he was thrown, filled with hot oil, and on the right St. Agnes of Rome with the lamb on a book. The soldier martyrs Romanus of Rome and Theodor Tiro , “small, extremely finely modeled statues”, lie on the slopes on the sides of the upper picture . At the top is the baby Jesus.

Ginter says of the ensemble: “What can be seen here and there in this variety of figures does not always speak of high artistic quality. There are all kinds of differences. What is indisputable, however, is the size of the artistic concept regarding the overall arrangement of the three altars. This overall picture undoubtedly has a big draw and is shaped with a sure artistic feeling. "

A crucifixion group with Maria and Johannes hangs on the right side wall, presumably from Schupp's workshop.

literature

  • Josef Stüble: St. Jakob pilgrimage chapel. EK-Foto-Service, Saarbrücken-Güdingen 1980.
  • Josef Stüble, Walter Schmider: The Catholic parish of St. Laurentius in Wolfach. Kunstverlag Peda, Passau 1994, ISBN 3-930102-58-7 .
  • Max Wingenroth : Wolfach . In: ders., The Art Monuments of the Grand Duchy of Baden . Volume 7: The art monuments of the Offenburg district. Mohr Siebeck Verlag, Tübingen 1908, pp. 672-692 ( digitized version ).
  • Wolfach. In: Dagmar Zimdars u. a. (Ed.): Georg Dehio, Handbuch der Deutschen Kunstdenkmäler ( Dehio-Handbuch ) Baden-Württemberg II . Deutscher Kunstverlag, Berlin, Munich 1997, ISBN 3-422-03030-1 , pp. 848-849.

Web links

Commons : Jakobuskapelle  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Remarks

  1. ↑ Stüble and Schmider 1994, p. 279.
  2. ^ Hausach Chronicle online: Count Heinrich VI. (1432-1490) . Retrieved September 25, 2015.
  3. ↑ Stüble and Schmider 1994, p. 261.
  4. ^ City of Wolfach: The Fürstenberg Castle in Wolfach. Retrieved July 30, 2015.
  5. ↑ Stüble and Schmider 1994, p. 260.
  6. ↑ Stüble and Schmider 1994, p. 267.
  7. ↑ Stüble and Schmider 1994, p. 280.
  8. ^ Josef Stüble: St. Jakob pilgrimage chapel. EK-Foto-Service, Saarbrücken-Güdingen 1980; Josef Stüble, Walter Schmider: The Catholic parish of St. Laurentius in Wolfach. Kunstverlag Peda, Passau 1994, ISBN 3-930102-58-7 .
  9. ↑ Stüble and Schmider 1994, pp. 19-21.
  10. ↑ Stüble and Schmider 1994, p. 271.
  11. ^ Kurt Klein: The painter from Kreuzberg. Has Konrad Schmider been forgotten? In: Die Ortenau , Volume 45, 1965, pp. 159–166 ( digitized version ); Josef Krausbeck: Konrad Schmider's works. In: Die Ortenau , Volume 45, 1965, pp. 166-169 ( digitized version ).
  12. ^ Ottmar Schupp: On the history of the Schupp family from Villingen in the Black Forest. Retrieved September 25, 2015.
  13. ↑ Stüble and Schmider 1994, p. 299.
  14. ↑ This refers to the main altar of the pilgrimage church Maria in der Tanne in Triberg.
  15. ↑ Quoted in Stüble and Schmider 1994, pp. 300–301.
  16. ↑ Zimdars 1997.
  17. ↑ Katharina after Stüble and Schmider 1994, p. 302; an individual attribute - Stüble and Schmider mention the wheel, but it is missing.
  18. ↑ Stüble and Schmider 1994, p. 306 cite a saying against bed-wetting , in which Vitus was invoked about the pot: “St. St. Vit, wake me up at the right time, not too early and not too spotless that it does not go to bed. "
  19. ↑ Stüble and Schmider 1994, p. 306.
  20. ↑ cited in Stüble and Schmider 1994, pp. 307-308.

Coordinates: 48 ° 17 ′ 34.1 "  N , 8 ° 14 ′ 12.3"  E