Mary in the fir tree

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Maria in the fir from north
The image of grace in an oil painting from 1707

Maria in der Tanne is a Roman Catholic pilgrimage church in Triberg in the Black Forest with the patronage of the Assumption of Mary . From 1826 to 1958 the pilgrimage church was also a parish church. Since 1959 it belongs to the parish of St. Clemens Maria Hofbauer of the pastoral care unit Triberg in the deanery Schwarzwald-Baar of the Archdiocese of Freiburg . Today it serves pilgrimages, weddings and memorial services. The externally simple church is richly furnished in baroque style.

The Triberg local history researchers Wilhelm Maier and Karl Lienhard , the folklorist Kristiane Schmalfeldt (born 1957), the teacher and art historian Hermann Brommer and the former Triberg pastor Josef Läufer (born 1943) have researched history and shape (see literature).

Parish history

By 1200 at the latest there was a castle in today's Triberg , on which the Lords of Triberg sat, a sideline of the Lords of Hornberg , and of which remains have been preserved. In 1201 there is evidence of a small church near the castle. It was consecrated to St. Blaise of Sebaste and later to St. Quirinus . Under canon law it belonged to the parish Schonach in the Black Forest , mother parish not only for Triberg but also for Schönwald in the Black Forest , the villages of Nussbach and Gremmelsbach incorporated in Triberg and the Niederwasser village, incorporated in Hornberg today . Around 1440 the pastor moved from Schonach to Triberg and called himself "Kilchherr in Triberg".

Indulgence of June 7, 1498.

In 1489 the castle and town burned down and the church was damaged. In favor of the reconstruction, the Triberg Vogt obtained a papal letter of indulgence for prayers who made a donation. The text on parchment begins with the name of one of the cardinals involved, "OLIVERIUS", written in large initials , and is covered with stripes of ornament at the top and sides. The twelve wax seals attached below are gone, except for traces.

In 1564 the Triberg branch church was separated from Schonach and became an independent parish. In the meantime - finally in 1355 - after the Lords of Triberg died out, the place had been bought by the House of Habsburg and thus belonged to their domain in front of Austria . With the Habsburgs, Triberg remained Catholic during the Reformation . The Habsburgs pledged it to changing local lords, for example from 1562 to 1584 to their diplomat and General Lazarus von Schwendi .

St. Blasius and Quirinus in the town center before 1826

The pilgrimage began during the Thirty Years' War . In 1697 it was approved by the diocese of Constance , and a stone chapel was built, which was replaced by a larger building from 1699 to 1705.

In 1797 Triberg's membership of Habsburg ended in the wake of the First Coalition War , and through intermediate steps the place came to the Grand Duchy of Baden in 1807 . The new government took almost all of the church property, which had already shrunk as a result of the Napoleonic wars. Under pastor Marcus Fidel Jäck (1768–1845) the pilgrimage church was elevated to a parish church in 1808 and the dilapidated town church of St. Blasius and Quirinus was degraded to a branch church. In 1821 Triberg came from the Diocese of Constance to the Archdiocese of Freiburg. In 1826 the town church fell victim to a fire and was replaced by a new one in the Weinbrenner style . In their place, the current building (2016) was built from 1956 to 1958, consecrated to St. Clement Maria Hofbauer , who worked for Maria in der Tanne for five months (see below). In 1959, the parish function finally returned to the city church with a decree from Archbishop Hermann Schäufele :

Beginning of Degen's handwriting

History of the pilgrimage

Origin narrative

The story is handed down in handwritten records by Johann Baptist Degen that were abbreviated in print in 1722 under the title “Wunderbarliche Dannen-Frucht aus einer Barren Felsen auff der Schwartzwald”. Degen was born on June 8, 1680 in Stockach . After studying in Freiburg im Breisgau , he was ordained a priest in 1705 and in the same year went to Triberg as a penitentiary , which he never left. There he became director of pilgrimages, in 1707 he was also the successor to St. Blasius and Quirinus of the city ​​pastor Jacob Irslinger, who left the city voluntarily , also in 1707 as Dr. theol. PhD . From his original story and his numerous letters to the Constance diocese, "the image of an energetic, self-confident, energetic man who had authority and knew how to assert himself, for example in dealing with the governor and the penitentiary subordinate to him." June 1730.

According to Degen, the pilgrimage began in 1644 with a miracle :

  • Degen's Chronicle

  • Title page of the print

  • Print first page dedication

  • Print dedication on the last page

  • Side 1 of the print

  • Page 2 of print

  • Page 3 of print

"Umb the year after the gracious birth of our Redeemer in 1644 green with frequent branches wrapped around / a large Dannen-tree in the front-Austrian rulership / next above their so named little place Tryberg / on a smoking rock against the sun undergang / everywhere only a small one Footpath through a wild bouquet / and all around high-cut rock-crags from the imaginary Tryberg to Schonach / and a lot of leaning Bauren-Höff split up / and Linck's side against the tree a fresh vein of a well tormented from the hard rock. This beautiful green Dannen tree gradually took on such a wonderful tale shape with its deviously curved branches / as when careful nature had decreed it with all diligence / that in the meantime he should get a precious treasure into his custody; how then immediately afterwards / infallibly out of the special fate of God by a bit of a hand unknown to this day a graceful picture of the Immaculate conceiving nut was ground on parchment / at a comfortable height with a pin on the reported Dannen tree / which was attached to a tree For a short time, take off with a hat from those who walk over / and bow your head / but soon by frequent wind / and frequent rain / or maybe more out of the malicious addition of the malicious hell snakes torn from the tree / and with a small square sheet metal Little shop / in which it was lifted / was thrown down on the ground / so that it would be covered with snow / bouquet leaves / then needles / and other similar derogatory tree plants / out of all people's face / and worship would come / when The all-benevolent God would not have sent it / the image that fell to the ground must be a daughter of a year old lein von Tryberg / Barbara Frantzin by name / in passing with his mother gähling see / sambt the Sturtzlädlein lifted out of the feces / kissed with childlike devotion / and on the spot such an uncommon affectionate attitude against it / that it with ask / and weeping never let up / bit his mother / so at first she found herself complaining in her conscience / and rather the picture was thought to be attached to the Dannen-Baum / nevertheless allowed to stop his improperly / the same thing sucks the little girl with it to take and worship in a hollow wall hole in the room above the table like a small children's altar. <...> But this Freud suddenly came to an end / and the pious Barbara was gripped the third day by such a frequent eye pain / by God's order / that in addition to the unbearable pain, the face was also in great danger / and an infallible result Blindness of all of the neighbors was suspected / which then offended the sorrowful parents from day to day / and finally so much dismayed / that she herself despaired of all means of human help placed her trust in the militant God / and put her really dark face on him of her child with a certain betrothed victim. "

A dream voice promised the child a cure when it would "hang up the parchment picture on the big Dannen tree by the fountain" again. So it happened.

Degen knew Barbara Franz personally, who died in 1717.

  • Degen's Chronicle

  • Page 10 of print

  • Page 11 of print

  • Page 12 of print

In 1645 a second miracle occurred. The 68-year-old tailor Friedrich Schwab suffered from "leprosy" , took refuge in the picture on the fir tree and was healed. In gratitude he had a small statue of the Virgin carved out of linden wood and placed it in the bark hole where the parchment picture had hung. The statue became the actual miraculous image. They were protected with a wooden roof and an iron ring to which an offering box was attached. If many believers came at first, the visit returned later. The wooden roof fell into disrepair, the iron ring shattered, the offering box was broken open several times.

  • Degen's Chronicle

  • Page 18 of print

  • Page 19 of the print

  • Page 20 of print

It is thanks to an event almost fifty years later, in 1692, that Mary in the fir was not forgotten. During the Palatinate War of Succession , the military was stationed in the area. On a December evening on the way from Triberg to Schonach, three Tyrolean soldiers were "delighted with an unusual song of praise and, as it were, heavenly loveliness" - "a warm angelic song". In their hostel on the Rohrhardsberg they learned that a Triberg miller had experienced the same thing a few years ago and that there was a statue of the Virgin Mary nearby. They went on a search and found the picture, half surrounded by bark, which impressed them deeply. They put up a window in front of it, a protective roof with the inscription “Sancta Maria, patrona militum, ora pro nobis - Holy Mary / Patroness of the soldiers / pray for us”, also collected “for a red skirt for a dress.” A fourth soldier, Gabriel Maurer, suffered so much from aching limbs in 1694 that he could only walk on crutches. With great difficulty he made the pilgrimage to Maria in der Tanne . He promised to enter the Capuchin Order if he was healed. He fell asleep on the way back. Awakening he felt "such a relief in all his gliders" ...> that he understood / put the shoulder crutches on the side / and tried to make himself / whether it would not be possible / to get further without crutches / even without the same Beyhilff got up alone with God’s grace / heard a loud crack and bang back and forth in the gliders / and found his strength to be wonderfully strengthened. ”Maurer was dressed as a lay brother and a pilgrim brother in Triberg.

According to Schmalfeldt, Maurer's healing was the actual founding miracle of the Triberg pilgrimage. With it began "concursus populi", the influx of the people. "Due to the miraculous healing of the soldier, the devotional image in the tree was identified as imago miraculosa , the place of worship as a place of grace where other believers could hope to receive help in their concerns through the intercession of Mary."

"Picture trees" are widespread in the Christian cult. For Christians, a tree symbolizes the tree of life and the tree of the knowledge of good and evil in the garden of Eden ( Gen 2,9  EU ), and the tree of life in turn is the type of the cross of Jesus. Sources of picture trees such as in Triberg suggest the association with the tree of life. One of the numerous Bildbaum pilgrimages in the Archdiocese of Freiburg leads to the Giersberg in Kirchzarten . A boy heard heavenly singing, the starting point of which was an image of Mary in a tree opening. The Giersberg pilgrimage is younger than the one to Maria in der Tanne , around 1710, and could have been inspired by the latter.

The original story about Maria in der Tanne has been checked several times by the church supervisory authorities. Degen has become legends around the facts. In the beginning there was probably the source, which is considered medicinal. “The parchment picture is not attached to the tree until later, which initially functioned as a kind of wayside shrine and its exposed position in connection with the fountain literally offered itself for this. <…> On the other hand, we are only on the safe ground of historical facts with the certified report of the discovery of the three Tyrolean soldiers and the first miracle to Gabriel Maurer. "

Further development

Degen continued the history of pilgrimage until 1727.

Stone chapel 1697

The miracle healings did not stop. In 1894 alone, Degen recorded five. “In 1694, the miraculous image of the Virgin Mary was widely known and already in the form of a polling trip also by far-reaching compatriots, Breysgaueren and Älsässeren, by deß Gabriel Maurers, last electoral brother, miraculously preserved by the then-tree. "

On July 2, 1695, on the Visitation of the Virgin Mary , Irslinger gave the first sermon in the open air near the fir tree. In the same year a wooden chapel was built. The following year, Irslinger and the Triberger Vogt asked the episcopal ordinariate for permission to celebrate Holy Mass in the chapel. As a defiant response to the rejection from Constance, the captain and Knight of Malta of Johann Friedrich von Kageneck (1633–1705), quartered in Triberg, laid the foundation stone for a stone chapel on June 9, 1697. Already the next day the nurse of the Hörnleberg pilgrimage protested to Bishop Marquard Rudolf von Rodt of Constance , "the such old, miraculous and otherwise widely and widely visited election trip, in that the common people and mob inclined to the news without the cause of a timid break off" . Konstanz ordered "sub poena excommunicationis" - under threat of excommunication - the demolition of what had already been built. Triberg disagreed. The ordinariate set up an investigative commission under the Bräunlinger pastor Johann Baptist Frank. Frank was averse to the Triberg pilgrimage. At the first sight of the miraculous image, however, reports Degen, he was seized with such horror, “that he trembled with fear, turned pale in face, fell on his knees, fell back on his knees, <...> and started with haissing tears, also pitifully graceful voice sing salve Regina mater misericordiae deme of the pastor Irslinger, and some more helped to sing the whole hymnum with general and publicly created wains by Volck, but after its completion, apart from the chapels, he confessed to many bystanders. Now he really thinks that this is a hayliger orth seye, and God there, through a little picture of his most blessed mother, wrought great miracles ”. May the Damascus experience be Degen's decoration, in any case the building of the chapel was approved and Pastor Frank commissioned with laying the foundation stone. The piece with the miraculous image was sawn out of the fir tree and placed on the altar, but the rest of the tree was burned to prevent abuse. On November 21, 1697 Pastor Frank celebrated the first Holy Mass in the stone chapel. A sacristan's house was built for Gabriel Maurer .

The pilgrimage flourished. Indulgences and the establishment of a Scapular Brotherhood in 1698 increased its attractiveness. Degen notes that from November 21st, 1697 “bit to the 31st Christian month 1700th and thus within 37th month and 9th days of this to Orth / 6707 that was so wild before / but now so praised / and valued by miracles / and grace H. Read masses <...> also 152854. sage / one hundred two and fifty thousand / eight hundred / vir and fifty confessors were counted. "The donations of the offering totaled in 1697 to about 1141, at the peak in 1700 to about 4770, in the 18th Century to around 600 fl.

The prosperity ended with Degen's death. His successor as the pilgrimage director and pastor, Benedikt Günter from Freiburg im Breisgau , did a poor job and didn't get along with the other priests on the pilgrimage. He did not continue Degen's chronicle. In 1745 he resigned voluntarily. Johannes Anton Schiller followed him. He reports that a box with a relic of the catacomb saint Serena had been hanging in the choir of Maria in der Tanne for many years , "a small particul with the inscription from the scarf", but without proof of authenticity. Together with the bailiff he procured the entire “holy body” including an “authentic” from Rome . On April 16, 1751, the bones, previously dressed in precious clothes in Rottenmünster , were transferred to Triberg.

Votive picture from 1805 with Hofbauer in front of the miraculous picture, Franz Xaver and Antonius of Padua

Maria in der Tanne survived the church reforms begun under Maria Theresa and forced by her son Emperor Joseph II with the ban on pilgrimages and the abolition of monasteries and branch churches . While sixteen chapels were closed in Breisgau by 1789, including the most famous of them the Lindenberg chapel near St. Peter , the Upper Austrian government in Triberg decreed: “The famous and still heavily visited pilgrimage church not far from the city of Triberg is because the entire Triberg rule is made up Berg and Thal, and single-layer courtyards, should not be viewed as remote, but rather as a church connected to the city gene, and left here. ”Economic considerations may have played a role.

On the other hand, the coalition wars and the shortage of priests at the time of pilgrimage directors Ignaz Fidelis Zwingler (from 1781 until his death in 1801) and Franz Joseph Höhn (from 1802 until it was placed under the parish church) hit the pilgrimage hard. The Tribergs wanted eight priests for their pilgrimage. In 1801 two Capuchin Fathers were called to help. Two priests who had been driven out of France by the French Revolution also helped .

Votive image from the 19th century

In the summer of 1803 a delegation of Triberg citizens asked Klemens Maria Hofbauer with his Redemptorists to take over the pilgrimage. Hofbauer had founded the first German branch of the order, which was established in Italy in 1732 , in Jestetten . Ignaz Heinrich von Wessenberg , vicar general of the last Bishop of Constance Karl Theodor von Dalberg , initially supported the plan. At the end of May 1805 five priests, among them Hofbauer, took up office in Triberg. Many Tribergs and pilgrims were fascinated, especially by the solemn church services. But there was also criticism. Hofbauer and Wessenberg became estranged, and pilgrimage director Höhn was a sharp opponent. Hofbauer, “in his piety himself caught up in the baroque tradition, knew about the people's joy in solemnly sublime worship, which satisfied the curiosity, stood out from everyday life, and used it specifically as a means of proselytizing. Of course, this had to clash with the ideas of Wessenberg, for whom such a service was ' amusement of the senses ' and thus the opposite of ' worship in spirit and in truth '. "It was mocked that Hofbauer needed" 2 ceremonies in choirs also in private masses, as in the solemn service always deacon and subdeacon ”. The atmosphere in Triberg was quickly poisoned. Höhn fled to Villingen to avoid mistreatment "until the anger and uprising of the mob again decreased somewhat". At the end of October 1805, Wessenberg declared the vocation of the Redemptorists to have expired, and Hofbauer went to Babenhausen , leaving two priests in Triberg , in order to attempt a new settlement there in the diocese of Augsburg . In May 1807 the last Redemptorist left Triberg. Hoehn triumphed: "At last, and finally, the Redemptorists the 16 th of this month of Tryberg completely withdrawn have taken leave with anyone, as their fanatical followers and." "All the disputes eventually ended by the Sanctuary by deed dated July 4 1808 was elevated to a parish church, the priest's house became a parsonage, while the town church was declared a branch church and the rectory in the city was made available to the clerk. "

From then on, Maria in der Tanne was primarily a parish and no longer a pilgrimage church. The new Baden government was not favorable to pilgrimages, and the clergy remained shaped for a long time by Wessenberg's skepticism. The second Archbishop of Freiburg, Hermann von Vicari, gave a boost . He saw in the pilgrimage an expression of genuine catholicity that the liberal-Protestant governments systematically suppressed. In 1850 the Redemptorist Fathers held a popular mission .

Image of grace with the “red skirt” of the Tyrolean soldiers

In the second half of the 19th century, long-distance railway pilgrimages to Lourdes, for example, competed with the local places of grace. Economic advantages from the pilgrimage system were offset by increasing tourism. In 1926 an article about Triberg appeared in the Freiburg diocese magazine Konradsblatt :

“But it cannot be overlooked that in the course of the 19th century the rush to Our Lady in the Fir tree subsided more and more, for which the zeitgeist that picked up the external religious exercises, later the blossoming of other pilgrimage sites in Baden and Einsiedeln with its pilgrimages and finally maybe also the gradually emerging spa hospitality in the city of Triberg contributed. But Saturday is still celebrated as a day of pilgrimage and especially the Feast of the Assumption, where many a famous preacher <...> knows how to warm and inspire the people for God. A heartfelt wish is hereby expressed at the end, there would be pilgrimages to Triberg, with a one-off overnight stay. Favorable times for this would be the months of May and October <...>, when there are either only a few spa guests or the actual spa period has passed again. There is plenty of accommodation available. "

After the Second World War , Maria in der Tanne was visited a lot. The Villinger Kreiszeitung reported on the men's pilgrimage in 1962:

“There were probably over a thousand men and young men from the dean's office in Villingen and the vicinity of Triberg, as well as the Kinzig valley, who came to Maria in der Tanne for the pilgrimage day in glorious sunshine on Sunday. The venerable pilgrimage church could hardly contain the pilgrims, this church almost turned out to be too small. But precisely because of the large number of participants, a pilgrimage does justice to its purpose and this was proven by the pilgrimage on Sunday in Triberg. It became a manifestation of faith, a meeting of Catholic men to stand up for Christ, Mary and the Church, to confess them and to live for them. "

In addition to large group pilgrimages, Maria in der Tanne remained a “house pilgrimage for the closer region, it may still be today - it is still valued as a confessional church. The fact that it once even had supra-regional charisma has largely disappeared from public awareness. "

Building history

Church and surroundings around 1800
Interior 1911

The stone chapel from 1697 soon became too small. In 1699 blasting began for a larger building. Its architect is unknown. The chapel was initially left in place and began with the tower of the new building and the nave with an entrance on the “men's side” on the mountain side (the one on the right-hand side of the entrance looking towards the choir ). After completion, the stone chapel was demolished and the choir and sacristy were built in its place. In 1703 the side altars were made. In 1704 the roof turret stood over the choir. In 1705 the high altar and pulpit were installed, and the first service was celebrated on November 21st. In 1708 the foundation stone for a priest's house was laid. On April 28, 1716, the consecration took place by the Constance Auxiliary Bishop Konrad Ferdinand Geist von Wildegg . In 1717 the beam ceiling of the ship was given wooden planking. In 1787 a road was led to the church and the main entrance was relocated to the “women's side” on the valley side. Renovations were carried out in 1865, 1891 and 1911, and a new heating system in 1936. In 1945 the church was damaged in road blasts caused by the war. From 1983 to 1987 a general renovation took place. In 2000 the choir room was redesigned with Elmar Hillebrand's popular altar and ambo . The consecration was made by the Archbishop of Freiburg, Oskar Saier .

building

View towards the choir
View towards the organ gallery

The east- facing church lies with its main axis parallel to the slope. A house stone plinth compensates for uneven terrain and spans the building, darkly contrasting with the white walls above. A deep saddle roof covers the nave, a roof with the same ridge height covers the narrower, polygonally closed sequence of choir and sacristy on the outside. "High, narrow windows run rhythmically around the entire building and, with their basket arches and the slightly drilled rectangular frame, give the exterior of the church a simple baroque touch." An onion dome sits on the massive tower with its square lower and octagonal upper floors . The roof turret repeats this on a small scale, marking the boundary between the nave and the choir. A closed bridge passage connects the organ gallery and the priest's house along the tower.

The nave is spanned by the wooden ceiling from 1717 with geometric patterns. A round choir arch leads into the groin-vaulted choir, which, contrary to what might be assumed from the outside, just closes inside. The sacristy is located between the straight inner and the polygonal outer wall.

Furnishing

In 1890, Franz Xaver Kraus in The Art Monuments of the Grand Duchy of Baden Maria in der Tanne was “an artistically worthless baroque building”, only worth mentioning is the silver high altar pendium and the Villinger votive image (see below), so in 2004 the generous, voluminous furnishings make the church for Josef Läufer a jewel well worth seeing. The defining elements - altars, crucifixion group, pulpit , confessionals and organ loft - are the work of the Schupp family of sculptors from Villingen, especially Anton Joseph Schupp , whom his brothers helped.

Altars

  • Left side altar

  • High altar

  • Right side altar

  • Serena Shrine

Miraculous image

According to Brommer, the high altar is one of the most important Baroque creations from the beginning of the 18th century in the south-west of Germany, "a real artist's dream". On both sides, three columns flank the miraculous image and carry the excerpt on heavy cornices . The miraculous image could have been carved for Friedrich Schwab in 1645 by the Neukirch sculptor Bartholomaeus Winterhalder after Brommer . It stands in a golden frame in front of the gilded piece of fir that was sawn out in 1697. Four large and two small angels hover around the picture. The top two hold a large crown. The picture is dressed differently depending on the religious feast days. Below him stands a Jesus boy pointing to his heart by Joseph Kaltenbach (1735-1805), a pupil of Matthias Faller , a sign of the devotion to the Sacred Heart that was widespread in Upper Austria after 1700 . In the excerpt, between seated angels, there are members of the Holy Kinship , namely Anna on the left , mother of Mary according to apocryphal writings, with the baby Jesus marked by the nimbus , in the center Joseph of Nazareth , on the right Joachim , according to these writings father of Mary with his little one Daughter. At the height of the miraculous image, St. Francis Xavier stands on the consoles on the left , St. Anthony of Padua on the right . The whole is richly decorated with flower pendants, sunflowers and acanthus .

On festive days, a silver antependium adorns the high altar. It was donated in 1708 by Franziska Sibylla Augusta von Sachsen-Lauenburg , the wife of Margrave Ludwig Wilhelm von Baden-Baden , the "Türkenlouis", as a thank you for the recovery of her six-year-old son Ludwig Georg Simpert . It was made by the Augsburg silversmith Lorenz Biller (d. 1726) - by far the most valuable Triberg votive offering .

Adapted to the high altar, but much simpler, with a column on each side of a central painting, the side altars stand in front of the choir arch. The paintings were created by the Rottweiler master Johann Georg Glückher. In the picture of the left altar, altar of Skapulierbruderschaft, Maria presented to the holy Carmelite Simon Stock the Scapular . In the upper image, Michael fights against Satan . Clemens Maria Hofbauer reproduces a relief on the tabernacle door. The Holy Family is gathered in the picture on the right side altar . God the Father hovers over her . In the upper picture, Gabriel announces the conception of Jesus with the dove of the Holy Spirit . The Serena Shrine is on the altar table.

Other equipment

  • Crucifixion group

  • Maria

  • crucifix

  • John

The mourning Mary and the mourning Johannes for the crucifix on the choir arch are counted among Anton Joseph Schupp's outstanding sculptures.

  • pulpit

  • organ

  • Baptismal font cover

  • Klemens Maria Hofbauer

At the top of the pulpit is Christ as Salvator mundi with the orb in his hand. Below him on the cover are Peter and Paul and the evangelists with their attributes . The massive pulpit with triple columns presents the four occidental doctors of the Church, Ambrose of Milan , Jerome , Pope Gregory the Great and Augustine of Hippo , "a powerful accentuation of the place <...> from which the word of God should be proclaimed and explained".

The first organ was installed in 1707, the current one in 1938. The work comes from Willi Dold's workshop in Freiburg im Breisgau, the prospectus from Viktor Mezger in Überlingen .

The baptismal font was taken over from St. Blasius and Quirinus to Maria in der Tanne in 1814 . It bears the coats of arms of Front Austria, Triberg and the Lords of Fürstenberg and was probably created around 1620 when Triberg was pledged to Jakob Ludwig von Fürstenberg (1592–1627). Similar baptismal fonts are in Nussbach and Schonach. The lid is crowned by a graceful Rococo sculpture of John the Baptist with his lamb, presumably by Joseph Kaltenbach .

A portrait of Klemens Maria Hofbauer hangs on the left wall of the choir.

The Villinger votive picture hangs on the right wall of the ship, 4 m high and 3 m wide . It dates from the time of the War of the Spanish Succession . On July 16, 1704, the French Marshal Tallard began to besiege Villingen. Breaches had already been made in the city wall when the enemy withdrew, perhaps because the Bavarian Elector Max Emanuel , who was allied with France, had asked to do so. In times of need, the citizens had promised to donate a votive plaque for Maria in der Tanne if they were saved. After the Rastatt Peace of 1714, they commissioned Glückher to paint the picture “wonderfully and in perpetuam rei memoriam - as a permanent reminder of what happened”. A woman representing Villingen in the city colors white and blue kneels in front of Maria, who wraps her coat protectively around her. Above it appears the Holy Trinity . Below is the besieged city. Tallard rides at the head of his staff. Six cannon balls underneath also remind of the siege.

A backlit picture of Manoppello's veil is shown in the choir , Volto Santo , Holy Face , which Josef Läufer is researching.

literature

  • Johann Baptist Degen: Wonderful Dannen fruit grown out of a barren rock on the black forest. Or a detailed description of the completely new, so comfortingly acquired, as in short, mightily grown, and now widely rumored pilgrimage of our dear women Mariae Zu Tryberg in der Dannen. Rottqeil 1722. Digitized. Retrieved May 1, 2016.
  • Triberg . In: Franz Xaver Kraus : The art monuments of the Villingen district. (= The art monuments of the Grand Duchy of Baden, Vol. 2). Academic publishing house Mohr (Siebeck), Freiburg im Breisgau 1890, p. 63 ( digitized version ).
  • Wilhelm Maier, Karl Lienhard: History of the city of Triberg in the Black Forest. Heimat- und Gewerbeverein Triberg im Schwarzwald e. V. 1964.
  • Kristiane Schmalfeldt: Sub tuum praesidium confugimus. Our lady in the fir tree in Triberg . In: Freiburger Diözesan-Archiv 108, 1988, pp. 5–302 ( digitized version ).
  • Hermann Brommer : pilgrimage church Maria in der Tanne, Triberg. 6th edition. Schnell und Steiner publishing house, Munich, Zurich 1989.
  • Josef Läufer: Maria in the fir tree. A documentation about the origins of the pilgrimage in Triberg . Catholic Parish Office St. Clemens, Triberg 1995.
  • Josef Läufer: pilgrimage church Maria in der Tanne, Triberg in the Black Forest. 7th edition. Schnell und Steiner publishing house, Regensburg 2004, ISBN 3-7954-4265-6 .

Web links

Commons : Maria in der Tanne (Triberg)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

References and comments

  1. ^ Archdiocese of Freiburg: Parishes in the pastoral care unit Triberg. Digitized. Retrieved April 28, 2016.
  2. ↑ Personal communication to Coranton
  3. ↑ Südkurier of February 24, 2003: Josef Läufer: "Being a pastor is a dream job."
  4. ↑ Older literature in Schmalfeldt 1988 and Läufer 1995.
  5. ↑ Probably Quirinus of Siscia, the only bishop among the saints with the name Quirinus .
  6. ↑ Maier and Lienhard 1964, p. 146.
  7. ↑ Maier and Lienhard 1964, S: 147.
  8. ↑ Maier and Lienhard 1964, p. 47.
  9. ^ Kristiane Schmalfeldt: Marcus Fidel Jäck and the religious reforms in Triberg 1808–1813. In: Freiburger Diözesan-Archiv 110, 1990, pp. 281-298 ( digitized version ).
  10. ↑ Maier and Lienhard 1964, p. 184:

    “That in 1564 at the Church of SS. Blasii et Quirini Epp. Mm. After hearing our metropolitan chapter and all relevant bodies according to can. 1428 CJC to the newly built, St. Clemens Maria Hofbauer church in Triberg.

    At the same time we state that the rights and privileges previously held by the pilgrimage church Ad Assumtionem BMV in Triberg have been transferred to the new church.

    Freiburg i. Br., October 5, 1959.

    Hermann, Archbishop "

  11. ↑ Schmalfeldt 1988, p. 90.
  12. ↑ Degen 1722, pp. 1-5.
  13. ↑ Degen 1722, pp. 18-25.
  14. ↑ Degen 1722, pp. 31–34.
  15. ↑ Maier and Lienhardt 1964, p. 193.
  16. ↑ Schmalfeldt 1988, p. 57.
  17. ↑ To this and to a design of the topic in 2005 by Clemens Hillebrand in the Gremmelsbacher church St. Josef : Josef Läufer: Triberg-Gremmelsbach parish church St. Josef . Schnell und Steiner publishing house, Regensburg 2005. ISBN 3-7954-6559-1 , p. 8.
  18. ↑ Schmalfeldt 1988, p. 47.
  19. ↑ Schmalfeldt 1988, p. 56.
  20. ↑ Degen quoted from Schmalfeldt 1988, pp. 57–58.
  21. ↑ Schmalfeldt 1988, p. 66.
  22. ↑ Degen quoted from Schmalfeldt 1988, p. 71.
  23. ↑ Degen 1722, p. 154.
  24. ↑ Schmalfeldt 1988, pp. 77-78.
  25. ↑ According to Brommer Serena , daughter of Honorius, executed in 408, a brother of Emperor Theodosius I.
  26. ↑ Schmalfeldt 1988, p. 108.
  27. ↑ Läufer 1995, p. 69.
  28. ↑ Schmalfeldt 1988, p. 185.
  29. ↑ Maier and Lienhard 1964, p. 213.
  30. ↑ Schmalfeldt 1988, p. 219.
  31. ↑ Schmalfeldt 1988, p. 237.
  32. ↑ Schmalfeldt 1988, p. 245.
  33. ↑ Maier and Lienhardt 1964, p. 215.
  34. ↑ Quoted from Schmalfeldt 1988, pp. 268–269.
  35. ↑ Quoted from Schmalfeldt 1988, p. 272.
  36. ↑ Schmalfeldt 1988, p. 272.
  37. ↑ Brommer 1989, p. 8.
  38. ^ Runner 2004, p. 25.
  39. ^ Ottmar Schupp: On the history of the Schupp family from Villingen in the Black Forest. Retrieved September 25, 2015.
  40. ↑ Brommer 1989, p. 15.
  41. ↑ He was born on April 18, 1653 in Rottweil and died there on March 23, 1731. He learned his trade first in Rottweil, later with the Constance painter Johann Christoph Storer . An art historian has described him as an almost unknown master: Sibylle Appuhn-Radtke: motif borrowing and paraphrase. Influences of Johann Christoph Storer on the work of the Rottweiler painter Johann Georg Glückher (1653–1731). In: Barockberichte 20–21, 1998, pp. 186–195. Another art historian writes that Glückher was “one of the leading masters in Catholic art in the high baroque. Swabia ”: Winfried Hecht: Glückher . In: Allgemeines Künstlerlexikon Volume 56, pp. 255–256, KG Saur Verlag , Munich, Leipzig 2007.
  42. ↑ Brommer 1989, p. 20 and Läufer 2004, p. 22.
  43. ↑ Brommer 1989, p. 20.
  44. ↑ Maier and Lienhardt 1964, p. 48.
  45. ↑ Joseph runners: Parish Chronicle St. Sebastian Nußbach. Catholic Parish Office St. Sebastian 2000.
  46. ↑ Klaus Nagel: Tallard'sche siege 300 years ago. The Villinger votive tablet in the pilgrimage church. In: Heimatblätter. Local history contributions for Gremmelsbach, Nussbach, Triberg and the surrounding area 8, 2004, pp. 72–92.
  47. ↑ Andreas Block: Eye to eye with the face of God. In: Südkurier from September 5, 2009. Digitized. Retrieved November 12, 2014; Francesca Hermann: People should see what kind of treasure we have. In: Schwarzwälder Bote from April 16, 2014. Digitized. Retrieved November 12, 2014.

Coordinates: 48 ° 7 '54 "  N , 8 ° 13' 31.4"  E