Kirchmöser
Kirchmöser is a town and district in the west of the city of Brandenburg an der Havel . Its industrial area reflects German history over the past 100 years.
geography
The core of the district lies on a peninsula in the Havel lakes in the west of the city of Brandenburg and is divided into the areas of Kirchmöser West, Kirchmöser East and Kirchmöser Dorf, the historic town center. In addition, the settlements Bergenhof and Gränert belong to the district. A wreath of lakes surrounds the place: Wusterwitzer See , Wendsee , Plauer See and Möserscher See . The Holy Lake occupies a considerable area on the peninsula itself . The Karower Platte plateau, formed during the Ice Age, comes close to Kirchmöser Dorf. The Kirchmöseraner Mühlenberg belongs to this group .
In 2008 the district of Kirchmöser had a total of around 4,150 inhabitants. A large part of the place is industrial and commercial space. In the course of the decline after 1990, this location lost massive economic substance. It is currently being gradually reactivated.
- Listed housing estate Kirchmöser Ost
Short street
Embankment
Embankment
Embankment
Embankment
Wusterauer Anger
Population numbers
| year | Residents |
|---|---|
| 1842 | 232 |
| 1900 | 286 |
| 1916 | 600 |
| 1933 | 4,593 |
| 1939 | 5,314 |
| 1946 | 6,826 |
| 1952 | 5,402 |
| 2006 | 4,300 |
| 2008 | 4.156 |
| 2014 | 3,930 |
history
At first Möser was a small and remote farming village in the Jerichower Land . On March 22, 1916, it was officially renamed Kirchmöser by royal decree . Then it quickly developed - the war was the motor of development - into an industrial area with an eventful history.
etymology
The name Möser is of Slavic origin and means moor . In 1358 the place is mentioned as Moser . It may be related to Masuria . Friedrich Hasse, who was appointed as the first Protestant pastor in Kirchmöser in 1926, mentions the names Moser , Kirchmosern and Möser in his chronicle , which he discovered during his research in historical sources. The place was given its official place name Kirchmöser only after the completion of the train station in March 1916. This was to avoid confusion with the place Möser in Saxony-Anhalt , which, like Kirchmöser, is on the Berlin – Magdeburg railway line .
The farming village of Möser
The first known mention of Möser can be found in a document from Großwusterwitz from 1387, in which the negotiation on "the separation of the Großwusterwitzer See between Großwusterwitz and Kirchmöser is negotiated" . During the term of office of Albrecht III. (IV.) Of Querfurt as Archbishop of Magdeburg were "the lake of Wusterwitz and Möser and the wood that is called the Grenre (Gränert) with all fisheries big and small ... with grass and fields before one and a half hundred marks of Brandenburg silver and weight to the honest clergymen whom Probst and Kapittel and Gotlihuse of Brandenburg sold. " In 1446 a gentleman from Werder sold Möser and Gränert to the Lehnin monastery . In 1542, after the abbey was dissolved, the elector became the owner of the village and estate of Gränert. He sold it in 1560 to the electoral treasurer Matthias von Saldern . In 1577, the lords of Plaue Castle , who belonged to the von Arnim family , became the owners of the village.
The village continued to belong to the town of Plaue , which in 1620 belonged to the von Görne family . The village was badly destroyed in the Thirty Years War .
In 1680 Adam von Görne received the village from his father Christoph von Görne . Adam von Görne built his manor to the east of the church in Möser.
In 1819 the von Görne family sold the village for 42,000 Reichstaler to 18 local farmers who formed a community and appointed a community leader.
On September 15, 1832, a major fire destroyed a considerable part of the village.
A train has been running through Möser since July 12, 1847. But it was not until May 1, 1905, that the Gränert halt was set up near the village .
The powder factory
On November 2, 1914, the decision was made to build a powder factory between the village of Möser and the town of Plaue on the remote peninsula. The site was marked out, and on November 9, 1914, the property transition, a total of 550 hectares, was sealed in the Genthin land registry .
The Royal Prussian Powder Factory near Plaue Havel was built at a particularly fast pace. 400 factory buildings and 172 apartments were built out of the ground in about a year. In 1916 the water tower, 65 meters high and still a landmark of Kirchmöser, was completed. 4,000 workers and officials as well as 2,000 prisoners of war worked in the factory.
In 1916 the train station, which still exists today, was inaugurated. The Haveldorf near Plaue was given the name Kirchmöser in contrast to Möser on the same route.
Powder production was stopped in 1918. On the Wusterau peninsula, the stocks of explosives in the Prussian powder factories were destroyed.
The Reichsbahn era from 1920
As early as October 1919, the grounds and buildings of the powder factory were used by Deutsche Werke to recondition freight cars and locomotives. On February 23, 1920, the former powder factory was officially transferred to the Reich Railroad Administration, now trading initially as the Reichsbahnwerk Plaue and from May 1921 under the name Eisenbahnwerk Brandenburg-West . In addition to the site and the buildings located on it, the Reichsbahn also took over the majority of the 500 employees of the former powder factory, so that work could begin immediately. At the same time, the construction of a plant for the maintenance of locomotives began on the site, which went into operation in 1924 as the most modern of its kind in Europe. In addition, a maintenance workshop, a points workshop, a chemical research institute and other workshops were built on the extensive site. In addition, the Reichsbahn housed its central training facility in the former fireworks laboratory.
On November 1, 1924, the new town hall was inaugurated near the train station.
From 1926 the facility was called the Reichsbahnausbesserungswerk Brandenburg-West . 2,500 people were employed here. Locomotives and wagons were maintained and repaired here using the most modern methods, sometimes on the assembly line. Kirchmöser became an independent district.
In the 1920s, the Reichsbahn had many apartments built in a typical railway style as a residential area in Kirchmöser-West and -Ost .
Kirchmöser in the Third Reich
Despite the huge railway systems, the place became a local recreation area. In 1942 there were significant changes. The locomotive plant was completely dismantled and transported to Ukraine on 276 wagons . However, it was never rebuilt there. The Brandenburg Ironworks GmbH took over the remaining plants. Prisoners of war and foreign workers were used here for the production of tank parts and tanks.
Post-war period and GDR
The tank factory's production facilities were dismantled immediately after the end of the war and brought to the USSR . The Soviet occupying power has now set up a tank repair facility on the site.
At the same time, the Reichsbahn resumed work in the remains of the former plant. Since 1946, production in the RAW Brandenburg-West has returned to normal.
The Willi Becker rolling mill , which became part of the Brandenburg steel and rolling mill in 1954, was set up in the hall of the tank factory of the Soviet Army .
In 1949 Kirchmöser, previously part of the Jerichow II district, was assigned to the Westhavelland district and thus to the state of Brandenburg . Kirchmöser has been part of the independent city of Brandenburg an der Havel since 1952 .
In 1952, the Kirchmöser switch factory began manufacturing switches for railways all over the world.
In 1957 the former administration building of the powder factory was converted into a clinic. The eye clinic and orthopedics of the municipal clinic Brandenburg an der Havel were located here until 2003.
Since 1965 the RAW Werk für Gleisbaumechanik was called Brandenburg-Kirchmöser . All track construction machines and cranes of the Reichsbahn were serviced here.
New start in 1990
Soon after the fall of the Wall, the Red Army dissolved the tank repair plant. The Deutsche Bahn reorganized many things and in the following years privatized the plant for track construction (was taken over by Spezialtechnik Dresden ) and the switch factory (was taken over by Butzbach ). In 1992 the rolling mill was closed. A hot-dip galvanizing and guardrail production facility is now located in the hall of the locomotive and armor works.
On January 1, 2003, the city of Brandenburg an der Havel took over a large part of the site, around 400 hectares in total, with the aim of revitalizing the industrial site. In addition, in 2003/2004 the city took over around 10 hectares of the former NVA area. Since then it has been tidied up, buildings that are no longer usable have been demolished and new traffic routes have been created. A mammoth task is the removal of contaminated sites. Around 285,000 tons of contaminated soil have to be removed. The usable buildings that still exist in large numbers are being renovated and given new uses.
The connection to the Magdeburg-Berlin railway line makes the location particularly attractive for producers of railway material. Deutsche Bahn facilities, the switch factory and the track construction mechanics are crystallization centers for this branch of industry.
In 2006 the new branch between Kirchmöser and Plaue was inaugurated.
Incorporations
On September 30, 1928, the Gränert estate was merged with the rural community of Kirchmöser.
Kirchmöser was incorporated into Brandenburg an der Havel on July 25, 1952.
Economy and Infrastructure
traffic
water
Kirchmöser is located on the Havelknick west of Brandenburg on the Havel directly on a European waterway Elbe-Havel Canal . A small port enables goods to be transferred to inland vessels. There are several harbors for sports boats and swimming spots on the long shoreline of Kirchmöser.
The Elbe-Havel bike path that connects Magdeburg Berlin, opens in Kirchmöser in the Havel bike path .
railroad
The Kirchmöser train station is located in Kirchmöser-Dorf on the Berlin – Magdeburg railway line . Regional express trains in the direction of Berlin and Magdeburg leave every hour .
The industrial area is still a dense network of sidings provided.
Street
The weak point of the Kirchmöser location is the road connection. In the north a road leads over the Seegartenbrücke to Bundesstrasse 1 . The connection to the south to Federal Motorway 2 is less well developed . It is around 13 and 20 kilometers to the Wollin or Ziesar junctions .
Public transport
A bus line connects the Kirchmöser train station with the urban area of Brandenburg an der Havel. The tram line from Brandenburg-Hauptbahnhof to Kirchmöser-West was discontinued in September 2002.
Infrastructure
The infrastructure on the industrial site is being massively expanded to meet the requirements of the future, and new business settlements have been reported more frequently since 2006.
economy
- Kirchmöser is one of the three main locations of DB Systemtechnik of Deutsche Bahn AG with over 100 employees. Science and engineering know-how are concentrated here in the areas of material testing, fire protection, non-destructive testing, the creation of maintenance manuals and the design and optimization of maintenance processes.
- Another Deutsche Bahn AG operation is the Bahn Environment Center.
Traditional companies like
- Track construction mechanics
- Switches
- Concrete sleeper
have managed to escape into the market economy with many difficulties and are now recognized companies in their fields again.
New are:
- Hot-dip galvanizing
- Crash barrier factory
- Kirchmöser traction power plant from Uniper
and more.
As a former location of a powder factory and a historical railway location, there are excellent basic urban structures from the time it was built in the 1920s.
tourism
The spatial seclusion of the peninsular location gives Kirchmöser a special character. The place is in the midst of 190 hectares of nature reserve . 18 kilometers of protected shorelines with sport boat facilities and bathing areas attract those looking for relaxation again.
An industrial nature trail leads to the most important buildings in the industrial area. The water tower can be climbed by appointment and allows a wide view over the landscape in western Brandenburg. A model and an exhibition in the gatehouse of the north gate provide information about the past and present.
Personalities
- Kurt Groot-Wassink (* 1928 in Kirchmöser; † 1999), nurse and doctor in Berlin
- Gerhard Hasse (* 1925 in Kirchmöser; † 2001), surgeon and civil rights activist who worked mainly in Eisenach in 1989/90
- Reiner Kurth (* 1951), racing canoeist
- Henrietta Ebert (* 1954), rower
Trivia
Christian Petzold shot parts of his film Barbara in Kirchmöser.
literature
- Hermann Breckow: From farming village to industrial community - A chronicle by Kirchmöser. First part. From the beginning to World War I. Edited by Helmut Borstel. Brandenburg (Havel) 2007.
- Sebastian Kinder: Brandenburg an der Havel. the Kirchmöser industrial site from the powder factory to the Reichsbahn repair shop. In: Brandenburgische Denkmalpflege, issue 1/2000, pp. 5–16
Individual evidence
- ^ District Magdeburg (Ed.): Official Journal of the Royal Government of Magdeburg . 1916, ZDB -ID 3766-7 , p. 161 .
- ↑ a b Reinhard E. Fischer : The place names of the states of Brandenburg and Berlin. Age - origin - meaning. be.bra Wissenschaft, Berlin 2005, ISBN 978-3-937233-30-7 , p. 118.
- ↑ Place, water and field names of the Wendland and the Altmark (point 6) Research contribution by Prof. Jürgen Udolph . Retrieved March 8, 2016.
- ↑ a b c Friedrich Hasse, first evangelical pastor in Kirchmöser (ed.): Chronicle of Kirchmöser in four sections . Kirchmöser 1926, p. 6 .
- ↑ Entry in the monument database of the State of Brandenburg
- ↑ Administrative region of Magdeburg (Ed.): Official Gazette of the Government of Magdeburg . 1928, ZDB -ID 3766-7 , p. 223 .
- ↑ Municipalities 1994 and their changes since January 1, 1948 in the new federal states , Metzler-Poeschel publishing house, Stuttgart, 1995, ISBN 3-8246-0321-7 , publisher: Federal Statistical Office
- ↑ Anne Hähnig, Martin Machowecz: Frank-Walter Steinmeier: He can flourish an entire district . In: The time . March 16, 2017, ISSN 0044-2070 ( zeit.de [accessed November 12, 2019]).
- ↑ Celine Lauer: “Everything is so beautifully ugly” . September 27, 2015 ( welt.de [accessed November 12, 2019]).
swell
- Author collective: 90 years of steel from Brandenburg - contemporary witnesses report , Westkreuz-Verlag Berlin / Bonn 2005, ISBN 3-929592-80-0
- Exhibition in the north gate of the site
- Powder factory Plaue / construction and operational history
Web links
- Website of the Kirchmöser working group of the city of Brandenburg an der Havel
- Homepage of the city of Brandenburg
Coordinates: 52 ° 22 ' N , 12 ° 25' E
Old town | Cathedral | Görden | Hohenstück | Kirchmöser | Neustadt | North | Plaue
Gollwitz | Goddess | Kirchmöser | Klein Kreutz / Saaringen | Mahlenzien | Plaue | Pain | Junk