Old Town (Brandenburg an der Havel)
Altstadt is a district of Brandenburg an der Havel . This developed from the settlement of Parduin and was united with the Neustadt to form the city of Brandenburg in 1715 . The settlement core of the old town lies north of the Havel .
history
The old town was founded in the 12th century near the church settlement Dom Brandenburg , which has also been a district of Brandenburg since 1929. It was created in place of a village of Parduin, whose name the city initially took over. Around 1147, the Slavic Prince Pribislaw-Heinrich allowed monks of the Premonstratensian order from Leitzkau to settle at the Gotthardt Church . A little later, Brandenburg fell to Albrecht the Bear and thus became German territory. After the renewal of the Brandenburg diocese in 1161, a large number of lands north of the Havel were transferred to the St. Gotthardt Premonstratensian Monastery. At that time, until the construction of the Brandenburg Cathedral on Cathedral Island, St. Gotthardt was the cathedral of the diocese. In 1170 the citizen was granted customs privileges.
In 1196 the new town was founded on the opposite south side of the Havel. Twenty years later the name Altstadt was first mentioned in a document, which soon prevailed over Parduin. In 1258 the domain of the margraves Johann I and Otto III. divided. The dividing line was the Havel River. In 1260 the northern old town became the capital of the Havelland , the southern new town the capital of the Zauche . In the 13th and 14th centuries, the old town acquired additional villages in the northern area. She also received the extensive Beetzsee from the margrave, including fishing rights . Several water mills around the cathedral island also came to the city. In 1348 the Schöppenstuhl , which was located in a building in the middle of the Havel bridge between the two places Old and New Town, was first mentioned.
In 1538, two years after the new town, the old town was reformed. 412 residential houses were counted in the old town in the middle of the 16th century. During this time, Brandenburg was hit by several plague epidemics. During the Thirty Years War , the city was repeatedly plundered by troops. At the end of the war, around half of the houses were destroyed. In 1645 only 152 houses are still inhabited. Excise was introduced in the second half of the 17th century .
In 1715 the old and new towns were united under one town administration. Since then, the old town has developed as a district of Brandenburg. It grew beyond the old city fortifications, especially to the west and north. New residential quarters such as Quenzsiedlung and Klingenbergsiedlung emerged during industrialization.
Structure and function
The old town has a certain character of an inner city area, even if a large part of the central function is performed by the new town. A large part of the historical development of the old town is designated as a monument . The center of the old town is the old town market . The city council meets in the council chamber of the historic old town hall . Furthermore, a central part of the city administration, such as the mayor's seat, is housed there and in the neighboring medieval orderly house. In addition to the town hall and the Ordonnanzhaus, the buildings are the secretariat and syndicate house , in which the Fouqué library is located, and the inspector's house are eye-catching buildings on the market. A large part of the city administration is housed in the former toy factory of Ernst Paul Lehmann on Klosterstrasse and in the main building of the old prison on Nicolaiplatz.
Infrastructure
To the west of the suburban extension of the old town is the Brandenburg-Altstadt station on the regional train line from Brandenburg to Rathenow . Another connection on the former Westhavelländische Kreisbahnen is only partially used today for freight traffic. The trams of lines 1, 2 and 6 of the Brandenburg an der Havel transport company run through the old town. There are also several daily bus routes to various parts of the city and district. There is also a night bus service .
Industry and commerce
To the west of the suburban development is the former Brandenburg steel and rolling mill . This was located on the silo canal and is now primarily a recycling center and industrial museum . Only the electric steelworks built in the 1980s and owned by the Riva Group is still in operation.
Healthcare
The City Clinic, the largest hospital in West Brandenburg, is located on Marienberg . The municipal clinic is the training hospital of the Brandenburg Medical School "Theodor Fontane", founded in 2013 .
There is also a special geriatric clinic, the St. Marien Hospital.
Education and sport
Current situation
The city's two universities are located in the old town. The Brandenburg University of Applied Sciences is housed in a former barracks complex on Magdeburger Strasse. Seminar and lecture rooms at the Brandenburg Medical School exist in a former school on Nicolaiplatz. There are also two primary schools in the district , a high school , a special school , an upper school center and a medical college. Sports and event venues are the Stadion am Quenz , the Stahlpalast - a multi-purpose hall, and the Marienbad Brandenburg.
Historical situation
The Gotthardtkirchplatz 5 building has a special meaning: It is the oldest known Latin school in the city of Brandenburg and one of the oldest school buildings in the Mark Brandenburg . A principal at this school was mentioned as early as 1346 . Today it houses the gallery sun sail - a children's art school "gallery sun sail".
The listed building on the site of the former bishop's court at Walther-Rathenau-Platz 1 (front Gotthardkirchplatz 9) has a rich history. The first Saldria , also known as the Old Town Latin School, since 1591 , housed the Polytechnic High School with extended Russian lessons "Juri-Gagarin" (ROS) after the Second World War until 1975. In the neighboring building at Gotthardkirchplatz 10, pupils from the old town's former community school were taught until the building was incorporated into the ROS.
Judiciary
The Brandenburg District Court and the Brandenburg Labor Court are located near the campus of the Brandenburg University of Technology . The Brandenburg Higher Regional Court is located at Gertrud-Piter-Platz . The legally oriented library of the Brandenburg Higher Regional Court is also located there .
Important sacred buildings
There are several listed sacral buildings in the old town . In addition to the Gotthardt Church, the old main church in the old town and the Paduins, the Protestant community of St. Gotthardt also operates the Christ Church in the Klingenberg settlement. The Catholic community uses the Church of St. Nikolai . St. Bernhard was given up in 2014. The St. Johannis Church , which was badly damaged in the Second World War , was renovated for the 2015 Federal Horticultural Show . The central park of this garden show was the Marienberg, on which the Friedenswarte is located.
Personalities
- Michael During (1587–1618), Mayor of the Old Town
- Katharina Zieriss (1587 or 1588–1618), wife of the mayor Michael During
Individual evidence
- ↑ S. Children, HT Porada (ed.): Brandenburg an der Havel and surroundings. 2006, pp. 401 to 406, ISBN 978-3-412-09103-3 .
- ↑ days power until about 20:30 . Accessed December 11, 2014.
- ^ City of Brandenburg: School landscape in the city . Accessed July 31, 2020 .
- ^ Marcus Cante, collective of authors: Monuments in Brandenburg City of Brandenburg on the Havel Cathedral Island-Old Town-Neustadt . Ed .: Brandenburg State Office for Monument Preservation on behalf of the Ministry of Science, Research and Culture of the State of Brandenburg. 1st edition 1994. Volume 1.1 . Wernersche Verlagsgesellschaft, Worms am Rhein 1994, ISBN 3-88462-105-X , p. 163 .
Coordinates: 52 ° 25 ' N , 12 ° 33' E
Old town | Cathedral | Görden | Hohenstück | Kirchmöser | Neustadt | North | Plaue