Neustadt (Brandenburg an der Havel)

St. Katharinen in the center of the new town

Neustadt is a district of Brandenburg an der Havel . This was combined with the old town to form the city of Brandenburg in 1715 . The settlement core of the Neustadt lies south of the Havel .

history

Neustadt Brandenburg was first mentioned in 1196. It is assumed that it was founded about ten years earlier. The city was designed to be almost circular. It was right on the main trade route from Magdeburg to Spandau. In 1216 St. Katharinen , which was later expanded into a late Gothic hall church , was mentioned. At that time it was still a stone church. In 1229 knights of the Archdiocese of Magdeburg attacked the Neustadt. Around 1230, the Margraves of Brandenburg built their own court. In 1258 the domain of the margraves Johann I and Otto III. divided. The dividing line was the Havel River. In 1260 the northern old town became the capital of the Havelland , the southern new town the capital of the Zauche. In the late 13th century, the existing wooden city fortifications began to be replaced by a city ​​wall . The most important city gate is the one at the stone gate tower , where the Heerstraße Brandenburg – Magdeburg and other traffic routes to Wittenberg and Belzig began. Another preserved gate tower is the Mühlentorturm to Brandenburg Cathedral . In the 13th century, damming up the Havel between Neustadt and Dom in order to operate mills began. After 1286 Dominicans founded the St. Pauli monastery in the south of the city.

In April 1999, human burials were unexpectedly discovered in the basement of Steinstrasse 39. In an archaeological measure lasting several days, the graves were examined and skeletons and numerous individual bones were recovered. Because of the ceramic finds, the burials were dated to the 12th to 14th centuries. 61 individuals that were in good to very good condition were examined anthropologically . The skeleton series was not representative of a historical population as 82% were adults, which is more like a hospital population. Significantly more men than women were found. The average height of 158.4 cm was very low in comparison. Presumably people of low social class were buried here. The disease burden was noticeably high at 80%; two individuals had serious illnesses from which it could be concluded that they would be hospitalized. From the anthropological studies it was concluded that the graves could be parts of the cemetery of the Heilig-Geist-Hospital, which was first mentioned in 1303. According to historical tradition, it changed its location several times, but the first location was previously unknown.

In 1305 there was a mint on Große Münzenstrasse . Ten years later Neustadt becomes the legal suburb of the Mark Brandenburg . A short time later, Waldemar sold the neighborhood and lands in the area to the city . In the 14th century Jews were also allowed to settle in the Neustadt for the first time . In 1322 there was a first synagogue .

In 1348 the Schöppenstuhl , which was located in a building in the middle of the Havel bridge between the two places Old and New Town, was first mentioned. The first school building is mentioned in the second half of the 14th century. Guilds in the new town were tailors , wool weavers , bakers , shoemakers , blacksmiths , tailors , furriers , weavers , cobblers and Fleischer . Together with the old town, Neustadt has to provide eight knights and three riflemen in the event of war within a Brandenburg city alliance . In 1396 the Landwehr began to be built around Neustadt.

In the 15th century the Mark Brandenburg came to the House of Hohenzollern . In 1536, two years before the old town, the Reformation was introduced in Neustadt . Around 1550 the previous moat in front of the southern and western city walls was expanded into a city canal. In front of the stone gate, a lock, the predecessor of the Brandenburg city lock, was built . In 1564 there were 762 houses in the city. Two years later the plague reached the cities. 2285 people died in the old and new town. Another wave of plague in 1598 died of 1809 people. In the Thirty Years' War , a large part of the population was killed or driven out. It is estimated that the population fell by three quarters. 586 of 739 houses were destroyed.

After 1660 the excise was introduced in the new town of Brandenburg and from 1685 many Huguenots settled there after the Edict of Potsdam . In 1715, the new town and old town of Brandenburg were united by royal order. As a result, the Neustadt developed as a Brandenburg district.

Infrastructure

The central station

The Neustadt is the inner city area of ​​Brandenburg. The city's main shopping, commercial and gastronomic zone developed around the Neustädtischer Markt , Hauptstraße, Steinstraße and St.-Annen-Straße . There are shopping centers , restaurants , a cinema and shops. A large part of the existing buildings in the new town in the historical fortification is designated as a monument .

In the south, in the suburban extension of the Bahnhofsvorstadt, is Brandenburg Central Station , a long-distance and regional train station. Long- distance connections lead from Munich to Berlin and from Norddeich to Cottbus , regional express and train lines from Magdeburg via Brandenburg, Potsdam , Berlin, Frankfurt (Oder) to Cottbus and from Brandenburg to Rathenow . In addition, the railway in Brandenburg is also used intensively for freight train traffic. The tram lines 1, 2 and 6 of the Brandenburg an der Havel transport company run from the main station through the Neustadt to outlying parts of the city. There are also several daily bus routes to various parts of the city and district. There is also a night bus service .

The Brandenburger Theater (BT) is located at the theater park . Since the 1990s, this has no longer had its own ensemble , but is played with guest performances. However, the Brandenburg Symphony Orchestra , the largest and most renowned symphony orchestra in Brandenburg, is based at the BT. The Brandenburg State Archaeological Museum in the Paulikloster is supported by the Brandenburg State Office for Monument Preservation . Around 10,000 archaeological finds from the state of Brandenburg are shown. The von Saldern-Gymnasium European School is the largest grammar school and the only European school in the city. In the old Neustädtische Gelehrtenschule that's registry office Brandenburg housed.

Listed sacred buildings in the Neustadt include the Katharinenkirche and the Paulikloster, the Holy Trinity as the Catholic parish church of the city and St. Jakob , the crazy chapel. The New Apostolic Church is a striking modern church building . The parks are the Theaterpark and the Heineufer.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ project Bandenburg / Havel (New Town), Holy Spirit Hospital. In: anthropologie-jungklaus.de. Retrieved June 4, 2017 . 
2. ↑ Bettina Jungklaus , Wolfgang Niemeyer, Stefan Dalitz: Corpses in the cellar - the medieval burials in Steinstrasse 39 in the Brandenburger Neustadt . In: Annual report on the Historic Association of Brandenburg a. H. Historischer Verein Brandenburg (Havel), Brandenburg an der Havel 2000, OCLC 183369573 , p. 61-63 .
3. ↑ S. Children, HT Porada (ed.): Brandenburg an der Havel and surroundings. 2006, p. 178 ff., ISBN 978-3-412-09103-3 .
4. ↑ days power until about 20:30 . Accessed December 11, 2014.
5. ↑ School landscape in the city ( memento of the original from January 23, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Accessed January 8, 2015. 

Coordinates: 52 ° 25 '  N , 12 ° 34'  E