Innsbruck Cathedral

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St. Jakob Cathedral in Innsbruck

The Cathedral of St. Jakob in Innsbruck , often referred to as Innsbruck Cathedral for short , is the cathedral or the bishopric of the Roman Catholic diocese of Innsbruck . The cathedral church is dedicated to the Apostle James the Elder. Ä. consecrated, the patronage is celebrated on St. James Day , July 25th .

history

View from the city tower of the Old Town Hall to Innsbruck Cathedral
Mariahilf (after 1537) by Lucas Cranach the Elder Ä. , at the high altar

Presumably the church mentioned in a contract of 1180 as “ecclesia in foro” or “div chirche in dem markt” already existed in 1181/1182. The first written record of a St. Jacob's Church in Innsbruck dates from 1270 . In 1494 the oldest surviving view of the Gothic church was made on a watercolor by Albrecht Dürer , and in 1556 it was shown in the Schwazer Bergwerksbuch . In 1643 St. Jakob became an independent parish, while it was previously a branch church of Wilten . The parish coat of arms shows the pilgrim staff and pilgrim shell of St. Jacob. In 1650 the famous miraculous image of Mariahilf by Lucas Cranach the Elder came to the church, which subsequently developed into a place of pilgrimage to Mary. In 1689, an earthquake caused damage to the church.

Between 1717 and 1724 the new building was carried out in the Baroque style according to plans by Johann Jakob Herkomer and Johann Georg Fischer . In 1904 the Innsbruck city parish was raised to the status of provost and the provost was given special rights. From then on he was apostolic protonotary ad instar participantum for the time of his office and now had the right to wear a miter , pectoral and ring. In 1944 the church was damaged by Allied bombs. In 1964 the diocese of Innsbruck was established , which raised the parish church to the rank of bishop's church (cathedral). In 2000 a sacrament chapel was set up in the south tower. In the same year, the celebrations on the occasion of the 350th anniversary of the transfer of the miraculous image of Mariahilf to the parish church of that time took place with the simultaneous inauguration of the new cathedral organ. In 2003, the Trier university professor Manfred Scheuer was ordained the fourth bishop of the diocese by his predecessor Alois Kothgasser in the cathedral of St. Jakob , in 2004 the previous pastoral director of the diocese of Innsbruck, Prelate Florian Huber, took over the office of provost of St. Jakob from Prelate Gotthard Egger. In addition to his function as cathedral and city pastor, Propst Huber was also dean of the dean's office in Innsbruck until the 2018 dean election.

The consecration of the church to St. Jakob indicates the location of Innsbruck on the pilgrimage route ( Jakobsweg ) to Santiago de Compostela in Spain, one of the three most important pilgrimage sites of the Middle Ages next to Jerusalem and Rome.

architecture

Interior to the high altar

The tomb of Maximilian III is located in the church . German master , Prince of Tyrol 1612–1618. The design comes from Caspar Gras , in another opinion from Hubert Gerhard , the cast from Heinrich Reinhart . The Solomonic columns , which are decorated with plants, snails, birds and grasshoppers, are particularly interesting . The sovereign kneels above with St. George and the dragon. St. Georg was the patron saint of Tyrol until 1772, when St. Josef followed. Since 2005, St. George has been the 2nd national patron saint of St. Joseph.

A grave slab also commemorates Archduke Eugen , Commander-in-Chief of the Austro-Hungarian Army in World War I , also a member of the Teutonic Order.

The gilded pulpit is a work by Nikolaus Moll around 1724. The pulpit is supported by the personified three divine virtues : Faith (angel with cross), love (angel pointing to the heart), hope (angel with anchor).

The ceiling frescoes are by Cosmas Damian Asam , the stucco by Egid Quirin Asam . It is baroque illusion painting .

In the center of the high altar retable is the Mariahilf picture by Lukas Cranach the Elder. The high altar itself was created in 1729 by Cristoforo Benedetti and his son Teodoro . The floor in the choir as well as other side altars, which were commissioned by the Prince-Bishop of Bressanone, Kaspar Ignaz von Künigl , also come from the two .

  • Tomb of Maximilian III. German master

  • pulpit

  • Ceiling frescoes

organ

organ

The large organ on the west gallery was built between 1998 and 2000 by the Austrian organ building workshop Pirchner (Steinach a. Br.) In the case of the organ by Johann Kaspar Humpel from 1725, using pipe material from the previous organ. The instrument has mechanical play and Registertrakturen and a total of 57 registers (3729 pipes).

I Hauptwerk C – g 3
1. Drone 16 ′
2. Principal 8th'
3. Voce umana 8th'
4th Hollow flute 8th'
5. Gamba 8th'
6th octave 4 ′
7th Pointed flute 4 ′
8th. Fifth 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
9. Super octave 2 ′
10. Mixture major IV 2 ′
11. Mixture minor IV 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
12. Cornet V (from cis 1 ) 8th'
13. bassoon 16 ′
14th Trumpet 8th'
15th Clairon 4 ′
II Oberwerk C – g 3
(swellable)
16. Quintadena 16 ′
17th Principal 8th'
18th Reed flute 8th'
19th Salizional 8th'
20th Vox coelestis 8th'
21st octave 4 ′
22nd Night horn 4 ′
23. Fugara 4 ′
24. Nasard 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
25th octave 2 ′
26th third 1 3 ⁄ 5  ′
27. Sifflet 1'
28. Mixture IV 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
29 Trumpet Harm. 8th'
30th Cromorne 8th'
Tremulant
III substation C – g 3
(swellable)
31. Covered 8th'
32. Pointed Gamba 8th'
33. Principal 4 ′
34. Covered 4 ′
35. flute 2 ′
36. Larigot 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
37. Scharff III 1'
38. Echokornett III 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
39. Voix humaine 8th'
Tremulant
IV Rückpositiv f 0 –d 3
(Solo)
40. Principal 8th'
41. flute 8th'
42. Principal 4 ′
43. octave 2 ′
44. Mixture III 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
45. Sesquialtera II 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
46. Trumpet 8th'
Pedals C – f 1
47. Principal 16 ′
48. Sub bass 16 ′
49. Violon bass 16 ′
50. Quintbass 10 2 ⁄ 3  ′
51. Octave bass 8th'
52. Bass flute 8th'
53. octave 4 ′
54. Mixture VI 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
55. trombone 16 ′
56. Trumpet 8th'
57. Schalmey 4 ′
  • Coupling : II / I, III / I, I / III, I / P, II / P, III / P
  • Playing aids :
    • Parking and parking: substation on / off, Rückpositiv on / off
    • Shut-off valves: Hauptwerk external loading from (No. 1, 5, 12–15), pedal external loading from (No. 49, 50, 55–57)

Bells

The Mariahilfglocke is one of the most important bells of historicism in Austria.

The Mariahilfglocke (also known as the Great Parish Bell ) is the second largest historical church bell in Tyrol. It was cast by the Grassmayr bell foundry in Innsbruck in 1846 and is housed in the north tower. Every Friday at 3 p.m. she commemorates the hour of Christ's death. The seven bells newly acquired in 1961 and 1965 come from the same foundry and hang in the south tower. The Innsbruck peace carillon has been housed in the north tower since 1982 ; it has 48 bells and is therefore the largest and most extensive carillon in Austria. The bells with a total weight of 4,100 kg were cast in the Dutch bell foundry Eijsbouts and ring daily at 12:10 p.m.

In September 2018, the old, damaged bell with nominal g 1 was to be replaced by a new bell from the Grassmayr bell foundry. This has a weight of 777 kilograms and a diameter of 107 centimeters.

No. Surname Casting year Foundry,
casting location 		Diameter
(mm) 		Weight
(kg) 		Nominal
( GT -16ths) 		comment
1 Mariahilf or
Great Parish Bell		 1846 Johann Grassmayr,
Innsbruck		 2210 6342 g 0 -2
2 Primus 1961 Grassmayr ,
Innsbruck		 1720 3123 h 0 -2
3 Josef and Georg 1410 1674 d 1 -2
4th Paul 1280 1221 e 1 -2
5 Anna and Petrus Canisius 1070 777 g 1 -2
6th Matthew 940 475 a 1 -2
7th Christophorus and
Homobonus		 850 356 h 1 -2
8th Death knell 700 202 d 2 -2

media

Web links

Commons : Innsbruck Cathedral  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Martin Bitschnau , Hannes Obermair : Tiroler Urkundenbuch, II. Department: The documents on the history of the Inn, Eisack and Pustertal valleys. Vol. 2: 1140-1200 . Universitätsverlag Wagner, Innsbruck 2012, ISBN 978-3-7030-0485-8 , p. 281-286, no. 758 .
  2. ^ Johanna Felmayer: Hubert Gerhard in Innsbruck and the tomb of Maximilian the German master. Backgrounds, contexts, perspectives. Edited and edited for publication by Gabriele Werner-Felmayer, Stefanie Holzer and Walter Klier , StudienVerlag: Innsbruck-Wien-Bozen 2005, ISBN 978-3-7065-1821-5
  3. ↑ Andrea Bacchi, Luciana Giacomelli (ed.): Scultura in Trentino. Il Seicento e il Settecento: volume secondo. Provincia Autonoma di Trento, Trento 2003 ISBN 88-86602-55-3 . P. 68
  4. ↑ Details in the commemorative publication "275 years of organ history at St. Jakob in Innsbruck", by Reinhard Jaud, cathedral organist at St. Jakob.
  5. ↑ orf.at: Innsbruck Cathedral gets a new bell . Article dated September 17, 2018, accessed September 18, 2018.

Coordinates: 47 ° 16 ′ 9 ″  N , 11 ° 23 ′ 36 ″  E