Old Cathedral (Linz)
The Roman Catholic Old Cathedral is a church in the town hall district of the Upper Austrian capital Linz .
The cathedral , which until the construction of St. Mary's Cathedral ( Neuer Dom ) as Ignatius Church was known, was built from 1669 to 1678. The architect is unknown, but the plans are attributed to the architect Pietro Francesco Carlone with the assistance of Carlo Antonio Carlone . From 1785 to 1909 he was the episcopal church of the Diocese of Linz . Since he was replaced in this function by the New Cathedral, the Old Cathedral has been looked after by the Jesuit order .
history
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Initially the cathedral was a Jesuit church. The foundation stone was laid in 1669 by David Fuhrman . After a construction period of just under 20 years, the building was consecrated in 1678 to Ignatius von Loyola , the founder of the Jesuit order .
The cathedral has a single nave, but impresses with its spaciousness. In keeping with the Baroque style, the interior is bright and bright and has side chapel niches. Coats of arms of the Count families Starhemberg, Weissenwolf and Kuefstein are located above the entrance gate.
In 1773 the Jesuit order was abolished and the church stood empty. Emperor Joseph II forced the Diocese of Passau to renounce their parishes in Upper Austria with a contract dated July 4, 1784 and founded the Diocese of Linz . After confirmation by papal bull of January 28, 1785 by Pope Pius VI. the Passau auxiliary bishop Ernest Johann Nepomuk Count Herberstein was installed as the first bishop of Linz. He chose the still unused church as the cathedral, instead of the parish church originally intended for this purpose .
Towards the end of the 19th century, Linz had grown so much that there was no longer enough space in the cathedral. Bishop Rudigier then had a new, larger cathedral built (today's New Cathedral ). Until 1909 the church remained the cathedral of Linz, since then it has been called the Alter Dom.
architecture
High altar
The high altar is a masterpiece by Giovanni Battista Colombo and Giovanni Battista Baberini . The altarpiece shows Mary's assumption into heaven. Originally there was an image of St. Ignatius. However, this image was replaced by the image of Mary. It originally comes from the Schwarzspanierkirche in Vienna.
Choir stalls
The choir stalls come from Garsten Abbey . Bishop Rudigier acquired it because the existing one was too simple for him. The choir stalls came by water to Mauthausen and then on horseback to Linz.
pulpit
The pulpit with its wonderful sound cover deserves special attention. At the four corners there are angel pods, then the four evangelists. In the middle is Jesus with the globe as herald of the Gospel. The conclusion is the statue of John the Baptist.
Bruckner organ
The Linz Bruckner organ is an outstanding monument organ in several respects: because of its quality, its relationship to Anton Bruckner , its size and its state of preservation.
It was made in 1768–1770 by Franz Xaver Chrismann for the Engelszell collegiate church . After the secularization of the monastery, he was instructed to ship the instrument to Linz in order to install it in a newly designed organ case in the recently inaugurated cathedral church. From the minutes of the city council of June 20, 1786 it emerges that the plan was to lower the gallery by over 3 meters (10 feet = 3.16 meters). The lowering of the gallery and the associated work were completed in 1792, the work on the organ by Franz Xaver Krismann lasted until 1795. During the renovation and reconstruction work inside the cathedral from 1853–1857, the organ was completely dismantled again because the The gallery floor raised again slightly. Anton Bruckner, who was cathedral organist from 1856–1868, had it redesigned little by little according to his wishes. The work that Josef Breinbauer carried out lasted until 1867. Among other things, the block movement was made registerable by sliding chests and the existing half registers were fully expanded. Even after moving to Vienna, Bruckner often returned to Linz to improvise on the instrument that was adapted to his sound ideas.
The slideway organ, preserved in its original condition, has 32 stops on three manuals and a pedal , the playing and stop actions are mechanical. In 2016 it was restored by Kuhn .
A memorial plaque on the facade of the Old Cathedral commemorates Anton Bruckner's work as a cathedral organist in Linz.
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Graves
In the old cathedral is the grave of Maria Elisabeth , a daughter of Maria Theresa . Likewise, all Jesuits who died before the dissolution are buried here. Even today, the cathedral is again the burial place for the Jesuits of the cathedral and the Aloisianum College on Freinberg . The Bishops of Linz, who died between 1785 and 1924, were also buried in the Old Cathedral; their coffins were moved to the new Cathedral after the New Cathedral was completed .
literature
- Otto Constantini: The Jesuit Church in Linz. (= Linz sights. Volume 3 (correct 4)), 2nd edition, Linz 1966.
- Benedikt Pillwein (ed.): Cathedral Church in Linz, along with the bishops, canons and honorary canons since the establishment of the diocese, together with an appendix, then the oldest deanery and parish division in Austria above the Enns in the Passau region there -Diocese. Printed by J. Weinmayr'schen Buchdruckerein, Linz 1843.
- Jesuit community St. Ignatius (Ed.): Companions of Jesus - Companions of the people. 100 years of the Jesuits at the Old Cathedral 1909–2009. Linz 2009, ISBN 978-3-902330-35-2 .
- Heinz Urban: St. Ignatius - Old Cathedral Linz. Innsbruck 1994.
- Hans Winterberger: The main organs of the Ignatius Church ("Old Cathedral") in Linz. Source-based materials on building history. In: Historical yearbook of the city of Linz 1971. , ed. from the archive of the city of Linz, Linz 1972, pp. 115–156, online (PDF) in the forum OoeGeschichte.at
Web links
- Ignatius Church / Old Cathedral near the Diocese of Linz.
- Bibliography on the Ignatius Church in the forum OoeGeschichte.at
Individual evidence
- ↑ Ruth Pucher: With the lily through the church…. Discoveries and notes on the iconography of selected images and altars. In: Literature Companions of Jesus 2009, pp. 127-136.
- ↑ The length of the "Viennese foot" or "Viennese shoe" was given in 1848 as 31.6102 cm.
- ↑ The deepening would have to be done at least around 10 shoes […]. Quoted from: Winterberger: The main organs of the Ignatius Church ("Old Cathedral") in Linz , p. 121.
- ↑ Winterberger: The main organs of the Ignatius Church ("Alter Dom") in Linz , p. 122.
- ↑ The floor experiences a slight increase . Plan of December 15, 1853. Quoted from: Winterberger: The main organs of the Ignatius Church ("Old Cathedral") in Linz , p. 124.
- ↑ Bruckner organ. The Bruckner organ in the Altes Dom Linz (Jesuit Church St. Ignatius) is one of the most important sound monuments in Austria. on dioezese-linz.at
- ↑ More detailed information on disposition ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
Coordinates: 48 ° 18 ′ 18.1 ″ N , 14 ° 17 ′ 16.5 ″ E