Pietro Francesco Carlone

Pietro Francesco Carlone (* before 1607 (?); † 1681 or 1682 in Garsten ), also called Peter Franz Carlone , from the Upper Styrian (Leoben) branch of the Carlone family was a master builder of the early Baroque , who stood out in particular as a master builder.

Life

The son of the builder and later citizen of Leoben, Peter Carlone, began his career probably in 1625 as an assistant to his father. Assumptions about the accusation of nocturnal disturbance of the peace and a stay in prison (1625) are not clearly proven. In 1631 Pietro Francesco Carlone in was Röthelstein resident, where he 1650 "flat-rate and as a bricklayer master was" mention. Among other things, he worked on the monastery buildings in Gurk (from 1637), Göss (from 1652) and Seckau (from 1658). In 1671 he was present on the occasion of an order for copper sheet in Passau , in 1677 the "Sübzig" -year-old stayed in Garsten , Judenburg and Seckau and in 1678 again in Garsten, where he designed the plans for the monastery church executed by his sons (1685–1693) designed.

Pietro Francesco Carlone died in Garsten. The year of his death is controversial. Depending on the sources, the years 1680, 1681 or 1682 are given.

The builder followed the example of his father, from whom he had learned the trade. Like the latter, he also included his sons in his building work. They stood by his side initially as an assistant, later as an employee and representative, and continued his work.

Descendants

• Carlo Antonio Carlone (* around 1635 in Scaria , Lombardy , Italy ; † May 3, 1708 in Passau), assistant to his father from 1651, represented him in 1661 as a master builder in Seckau, then worked according to the father's designs, later as a self-employed Builder.
• Giovanni Battista Carlone (* around 1640/1642 in Scaria; † around 1717 ibid. (?)), Stucco worker, worked with his father and brother at the Garsten collegiate church, among other things.
• Bartholomeo

plant

Pietro Francesco Carlone was mainly committed to building the foundation. In his creative period, which was still characterized by Counter-Reformation and re - Catholicization , the mother church of the Jesuit order Il Gesù (1568–1584) served as a model for Baroque church architecture throughout Europe. Like other builders and plasterers in his family, both of his generation and the following, Pietro Francesco Carlone also built in the so-called "Jesuit style". However, the Carlones operating in Austria followed the type of wall pillar church widespread in Northern Italy with galleries , barrel vaults , straight choir closure without transept and double tower facade , whereby the renewing element and feature of the “Carlone” churches is less in the design, but rather in the opulent splendor of the church Stucco decorations can be found.

The first buildings in connection with which the name of Pietro Francesco Carlone falls are those of a chapel in Frohnleiten, built in 1625 and dedicated to St. Sebastian, and a bathhouse with a porch, casting house, etc., built in 1631 for the Jesuit order in Leoben .

Abbey complex (1637–1638) near Gurk Cathedral

Chapter wing of the monastery in Gurk (1637/38)

In 1637 Pietro Francesco Carlone presented the blueprint for the chapter wing (1637–1638) to be built in the north of the transept of the cathedral in Gurk for the canons, which was to replace the facilities of the former Gurk monastery . The master builder built this wing using the medieval chapter house, before he devoted himself to the redesign of the provost yard adjoining it to the west, dating from 1468 to 1490 and adapted to the new building. Since the buildings were purely functional, an artistic design was largely dispensed with.

This was followed by the construction of an imperial lake and hunting lodge (1639) near the Leopoldsteinersee and work on the hydraulic structure called Innerberger Rake (1644) in Innerberg (today Eisenerz).

Göss Abbey in Leoben (1652–1654)

Pietro Francesco Carlone was commissioned in 1650 to build the new so-called Upper Convent in the north-west of the church of the Göss Benedictine Abbey, which was then headed by Abbess Amalia von Leisser . The foundation stone was laid in 1652 and the work was completed in 1654. In 1827 the building came into the possession of the Vordernberger Radmeister community, who had it demolished a year later, with the exception of a wing (with a stuccoed hall).

South inner courtyard in St. Georgen Abbey

Sankt Georgen am Längsee Abbey (1654–1658 / 1659)

The energetic abbess of St. Georgen Abbey called the master builder, who had become famous for his work on the convent buildings in Leoben and Gurk, to join the Carinthian Längsee . The Baroque style planned there was implemented by Carlone between 1654 and 1658, with the exception of the tower, which was not completed until 1676.

Parish Church of St. Magdalena in Tragöß (1658)

In 1658 Pietro Francesco Carlone built the choir and side chapels of the parish church of St. Magdalena in Tragöß -Oberort near Bruck an der Mur . As early as 1640 he had made an estimate for this church.

Seckau Abbey

Seckau Abbey (1658–1679)

The master builder found permanent employment at what was then the Augustinian Canons of Seckau . The representative expansion in the baroque style decided there began in 1625 on the western front. The Imperial Hall, which was completed in 1640, was decorated with rich stucco in anticipation of a visit by Emperor Leopold I (1660). A year later, the east, south and west wings were completed. The redesign of the west facade and the towers of the Romanesque abbey church took place in the years from 1671 to 1677. Carlone worked at Seckau Monastery until 1679. That year he received compensation for his 18 years of service there. More than half of the buildings were demolished in 1832. The west facade and its towers were renewed in the 19th century in the neo-Romanesque style .

Collegiate church and today's parish church Garsten (from 1677)

The church of the former Benedictine monastery was built and furnished by his sons Carlo Antonio and Giovanni Battista based on a design by Pietro Francesco, for whom the Jesuit church in Linz served as a model. It was described as one of the most magnificent rooms of the late Austro-Italian baroque .

Collegiate Church in Schlierbach (1680–1683)

The plans for the new building of the church of the Cistercian monastery Schlierbach also come from Pietro Francesco and were carried out by his son Carlo Antonio (according to other sources by both brothers together). Other members of the Carlone family, Giovanni Battista Carlone or Bartolomeo Carlone created the stucco and frescoes in 1684/85. Carlo Antonio Carlone made the design for the altar furniture.

Attributions

Parish church Franz Xaver in Leoben (1660–1665)

The church, a completely uniform, impressive monument to the Counter-Reformation , is one of the early buildings in Styria, in which we encounter the type of wall pillar church , which was later magnificently enhanced in the Carlone churches in Frauenberg near Admont , Schlierbach and Garsten . Despite the lack of archival evidence, it is believed that this important building in Leoben goes back to Pietro Francesco Carlone, whose father already settled in Leoben.

Old Cathedral in Linz (1678)

The Jesuit Church of St. Ignatius in Linz , the shell of which was completed in 1678, is also attributed to Pietro Francesco Carlone.

Study Church St. Michael in Passau (1677)

The study church St. Michael in Passau , a former Jesuit church, was built after the fire in 1662 by the church and college of the Jesuits. The new church was completed in 1677. Pietro Francesco Carlone, who works in Passau, is an architect for reasons of style. The interior follows the simple scheme of a wall pillar system. Parts of the stucco indicate plasterers from the Carlone circle.

literature

• Reclam's art guide Germany . I, 1 (Bavaria South)
• Reclam's art guide Austria . II (other federal states)
• Anthony Blunt: Art and Culture of the Baroque and Rococo . Herder.
• Günter Brucher: Baroque architecture in Austria . DuMont, 1983.
• Robert Darmstädter: Artist Lexicon .
• Julius Tuschnig: The Styrian branches of the Carlone family of artists . Dissertation. Graz 1935.
• H. Vagt: Investigations into the work of Diego Francesco Carlone . Dissertation. Munich 1970.
• Artist Lexicon . Reclam 1979.
• Lexicon of Art . Herder.
• Lexicon of Art . Seemann, Leipzig, 1987.
• Pietro Francesco Carlone . In: General Artist Lexicon . The visual artists of all times and peoples (AKL). Volume 16, Saur, Munich a. a. 1997, ISBN 3-598-22756-6 , p. 446.
• Silvia Colombo, Simonetta Coppa: I Carloni di Scaria .
• M. Marangoni: I Carloni . Florence 1925.

Web links

• Entry about Pietro Francesco Carlone on Artisti Italiani in Austria , a project of the University of Innsbruck

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c} Ursula Röhlig:  Carlone, Pietro Francesco. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 3, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1957, ISBN 3-428-00184-2 , p. 144 ( digitized version ).