City Parish Church (Linz)
The Roman Catholic parish church of the Assumption of Mary in the city of Linz in Upper Austria was marked out during the foundation survey of the city expansion in 1207 and erected as a single-nave Romanesque church building with a nave and choir. Later a new, larger Gothic choir was built and the tower was added. Today's parish church was expanded into a three-aisled nave in the Baroque period and the choir was enlarged again.
history
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During the foundation survey of the city expansion in 1207, the city border with new city walls, the Linz main square and the city parish church were marked out. The axes are 145 and 255 fathoms , in Linz 1 fathom = 1.83 m. The main square at the axis point of the city has a ratio of 1: 3 and the lengths of the diagonals are 100 fathoms. The longitudinal axis of the nave of the Romanesque parish church was marked out from the city's axis point after sunrise on Pfenningberg on Good Friday April 20, 1207. The longitudinal axis of the choir after sunrise on Easter Sunday April 22nd, 1207. The kink between the nave and the choir is too small to be seen with the eyes, but is still there despite the Gothic renovation and the new Baroque building.
The heart and bowels of Emperor Friedrich III. , who died in his royal seat Linz in 1493, were walled up in an urn in the church's chancel as part of a separate burial . A coat of arms tombstone made of red marble reminds of this.
The new baroque building was inaugurated in 1656.
History of the parish
Like all Upper Austrian parishes, the Linz city parish belonged to the Diocese of Passau until 1784 .
On May 26, 1521 Linz married the future Emperor Ferdinand I and Anna of Bohemia and Hungary , paving the way for the Habsburg Austro-Hungarian Empire was preparing. The wedding ceremony as part of the Linz wedding probably took place in the Linz city parish church, in whose chancel the heart of Ferdinand's great-grandfather Friedrich III. was buried.
In 1531 Ferdinand I ordered Cyriak von Polheim , governor of the Enns , to order the Linzers to build a new cemetery. The general Sepultur was moved from the parish church to the hospital in the suburbs, but the funeral services continued to be held in the parish church.
In 1535, with the relocation of the Enns dean Kaspar Greull, the dean's office at that time was probably transferred from Enns to Linz, after which the Linz parish officially assumed a leading position among the Upper Austrian parishes.
In 1653 the previous parsonage for the construction of the Jesuit monastery (today the main post office) was demolished. As a replacement for this, the city parish acquired St.-Peter-Hof from the St. Peter monastery (Salzburg) , since then the seat of the city parish in Linz.
The importance of the Linz city parish decreased under Emperor Joseph II , who on the one hand established the diocese of Linz with a corresponding bishopric in Linz in 1784 and, on the other hand, had the St. Joseph Parish (Carmelites) and St. Matthias Parish (Capuchins) removed from the area of the city parish . In addition, the parish of Niederneukirchen , which had been assigned to the parish priests of Linz since 1602, became independent.
City pastor of Linz
Selected parish priests in Linz:
| Period | Surname | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| about 1240-1254 | Otto von Lonsdorf | 1254–1265 Passau prince-bishop , created the document collection Codex Lonsdorfianus with important documents for the then newly created state of Upper Austria. |
| 1348-1370 | Gundaker from Losenstein | |
| 1399-1417 | Wenzel Thien | Thien introduced the " Hus ringing out" in Linz . |
| 1417 to about 1440 | Ulrich von Ortenburg | Canon of Regensburg and Passau. |
| about 1440-1451 | Ulrich von Nussdorf | 1451–1479 Prince-Bishop of Passau. |
| 1509-1521 | Balthasar Planckh | |
| 1521-1526 | Nikolaus Ribisen | |
| 1526-1535 | Valentin Freisinger | |
| 1535-1545 | Kaspar Greull | Greull moved from Enns to Linz as dean in 1535. |
| 1545-1552 | Markus Ringpis | |
| 1552-1580 | Martin Purgleitner | Purgleitner was the confessor of Catherine of Austria (1533–1572) . In 1575, Purgleitner described the religious conditions in Linz to Prince-Bishop Urban von Trenbach in Passau, especially that Protestant preachers preached every Sunday and public holiday in the hall of the Linz country house to a large number of citizens and craftsmen. In 1580, Prince-Bishop Urban ordered Purgleitner to be replaced and transferred to Buchkirchen . In 1587 he had Purgleitner imprisoned in the fortress Oberhaus for four weeks . Since the proposed Georg Stobäus von Palmburg , who later became Bishop of Lavant , refused to take over the Linz city parish in 1580, the post of city pastor remained vacant in 1581. |
| 1582-1584 | Johannes Carbo | Carbo, previously a canon and cathedral preacher in Pressburg , asked Bishop Urban on January 19, 1584 to be released as city pastor. Carbo trained as a Protestant pastor in Tübingen in 1584/85 and became pastor in Kreuznach ( Rhineland-Palatinate ) in 1585 and pastor in the Hungarian city of Košice in 1587 . |
| 1584-1597 | Leonhard Perkmann | Perkmann came from Budweis and had previously been a pastor in Leitzersdorf in Lower Austria . In 1589 Perkmann founded the Corporis-Christi brotherhood in Linz . In 1597 Perkmann became pastor in Sierning . |
| 1599-1602 | Heinrich Praetorius | In April 1600, Prätorius took in the first Jesuits to arrive in Linz, Georg Scherer and Johannes Zehetner, until they were given quarters in the imperial Linz palace . In 1602 there was a serious conflict between Praetorius and Scherer, whereupon Praetorius was summoned to Passau, but escaped the trial by fleeing. Praetorius died around 1635 in Jägerndorf (Silesia) . |
| 1602-1609 | Christoph Zuppacher | Zuppacher had previously been a pastor in Gumpoldskirchen . The dispute with the Jesuits was settled when the latter moved their sermons from the city parish church to the Minorite church , which Archduke Matthias had assigned them in 1603 . The oldest parish registers were created under Zuppacher, the marriage register in 1602 and the baptismal register in 1603 (the death register does not follow until 1640). |
| 1609-1626 | Blasius Aliprandinus by Leuff | Aliprandinus von Leuff came from Livo (Trentino) and was the spiritual advisor to Archduke Leopold . After a serious conflict with Leuff, the evangelically-minded Linz mayor Peter Weiß, the city judge Lorenz Sixt and the council members Georg Braitenfelner and Hans Gleich were summoned to Vienna in 1610, imprisoned for a while and excluded from municipal offices until 1613. In 1623 Aliprandinus was reported to the Passau Ordinariate for making improper statements against the Bavarian Elector Maximilian , to whom Ferdinand II had pledged the land on the Enns in 1620. In the last year of his life he reported to the Bishop of Passau about the events of the Upper Austrian Peasants' War in 1626. |
| 1626-1638 | Nikolaus Aliprandus de Thomasis | Aliprandus was a cousin of Blasius Aliprandinus. He had an inscription placed in the parish church of Hartkirchen for his brother Horatius and his sister-in-law Katharina, who were slain by the farmers on May 19, 1626 . Aliprandus was provost of the Spital am Pyhrn monastery from 1638 . |
| 1638-1647 | Martin Geiger | Geiger was from 1646 official of the Passau prince-bishop for Lower Austria with seat in the Passauer Hof in Vienna at the church Maria am Gestade , from 1658 auxiliary bishop in Passau . |
| 1647-1665 | Heinrich Schrader | As early as 1648, Schrader was collecting funds for the first Baroque transformation of the parish church. In 1653 Schrader ceded the old parsonage to the Jesuit college and moved to the new parsonage acquired from St. Peter's Abbey. |
| 1665-1681 | Michael Rottmayr | Rottmayr was a member of the Bartholomeans, also known as “Communists”. Rottmayr appealed against the establishment of the Carmelite monastery , but its construction was only temporarily suspended and continued in 1674. |
| 1681-1726 | Johann Bernhard Gentilotti von Engelsbrunn | Gentilotti was always in dispute with the prelate stand because he prelates of Kremsmünster Abbey , St. Florian , pen Gleink so not them gave her the rightful title. On June 14, 1682, Gentilotti took on the clothing of the first sister in the Ursuline monastery , Maria Martha Höfer. From 1687 onwards, Gentilotti expanded the parish church, whose current appearance, except for the facade and the tower, corresponds to the expansion by Gentilotti at that time. The largest bell "Kaiserin" was re-cast in 1693 by the Linz bell caster Melchior Schorer. In 1713, the year of the plague, Gentilotti supported the Capuchins entrusted with helping the sick and then campaigned for the erection of the Trinity Column on Linz's main square. A tombstone of Gentilotti is in the courtyard of the Linz Castle. |
| 1726-1755 | Maximilian Gandolphus Steyrer von Rothenthurn | In 1736 he acquired the Eyring patio , which later became the Wankmüllerhof. |
| 1755-1770 | Johann Cajetan Giovanelli von Gerstburg | |
| 1770-1786 | Johann Michael von Posch | On January 31, 1783, pastor Posch received the order to close the Trinity Chapel in the old town, which was demolished in the following years. In addition, the St. Barbara cemetery was moved to the present area. |
architecture
The current church building resulted from several extensions and modifications. The single-nave Romanesque nave with choir was built from 1207. In 1448 the choir was enlarged in the Gothic style and the tower was built in 1453. Later aisles were added. From 1649 to 1653 the building was replaced by a new baroque building and at least the central nave and choir were newly vaulted and consecrated in 1656. The windows and roof of the tower were redesigned in 1671 with master builder Georg Pruckmayr and master carpenter Matthias Brandstetter. From 1687 to 1694 the side aisles were extended with chapels and consecrated in 1702. The windows in the choir in the north give the indication 1711 and 1773 and the latter the indication Baumeister Johann Baptist Gangl. The Johannes von Nepomuk Chapel in the west yoke of the south aisle was built in 1736 based on a design by the architect Johann Michael Prunner . The spire was renewed in 1823 by the builder Franz Höbarth according to a design by the architect Johann Veith .
The late Baroque ceiling painting Triumph of Religion in the choir from 1773 in the style of Bartolomeo Altomonte has been renovated many times.
Furnishing
The design for the high altar comes from Matthias Ludwig Krinner and Johann Kaspar Modler (1771). The Garsten pen painter Johann Carl von Reslfeld created the altar sheet in 1695 with the depiction of the Assumption of Mary into heaven.
The side altars of the church are decorated with pictures by Joachim Sandrart and Bartolomeo Altomonte. The altar in the Ölberg chapel from 1652 is by Andreas Frisch , with a painting by Sandrart. The altarpiece of the Floriani altar in the right aisle is a copy of a view of the city of Linz . The picture was painted around 1860 and shows a historical view of Linz around 1694. The parish church is easy to recognize with its onion-style baroque helmet. The Johannes Nepomuk Chapel by the Linz baroque architect Johann Michael Prunner (1736) shows scenes from the life of St. John of Nepomuk, whose painting is from Altomonte. Johann Michael Prunner was allowed to set up his crypt chapel in the parish church while he was still alive.
On the pillars of the nave (built from 1648 to 1653) and the choir from around 1650 there are life-size statues of the Apostles.
On the outside of the church at the apse is a marble niche designed by Johann Lucas von Hildebrandt with a figure of St. John of Nepomuk , which was made by Georg Raphael Donner in 1727.
On the portal side, a memorial stone created by Adolf Wagner von der Mühl reminds of Anton Bruckner's work as an organist at this church.
The bell ring on the main square of Linz with the inscription "1693" is reminiscent of the casting of the largest bell in the parish church, the "Kaiserin", in 1693.
organ
The organ goes back to an instrument that was built in 1849 by the organ builder Ludwig Mooser with 36 stops on two manuals and a pedal . In addition to his work as a cathedral organist (1855–1868), Anton Bruckner was also organist at the parish church and was not satisfied with the organ. In 1855 he wrote an expert opinion on this matter. Ludwig Mooser reacted offended and said that Bruckner would not have given himself up to judge my work with malicious intent on the principle of organ building art . In 1879, the organ builder Martin Hechenberger expanded the instrument to three manuals and 40 registers (electrified in 1953 by the organ builder Gebr. Mauracher and increased the disposition to 50 registers). At the same time, the organ was installed in a new case, which had been designed by Franz Wirth (Hallstatt). From 2001 to 2002 the instrument was rebuilt by organ builder Gerald Woehl (Marburg / Lahn) based on Ludwig Mooser's planning, whereby the pipe material that was still available was reused. The plant was installed in the housing by Wirth, which was considered a monument. The slider chest instrument has 50 stops on three manuals and a pedal. The stop actions are electric, the game actions are mechanical.
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- Coupling: I / I (sub-octave coupling), II / I (also as sub-octave coupling), II / II (sub-octave coupling), I / P, II / P (also as super-octave coupling)
- Remarks:
- (H) = wholly or partly historical pipe material, partly also from Mauracher (1953)
- (N) = register not included in Mooser's original disposition, added in 2002.
literature
- Erwin Reidinger : Medieval town planning using the example of Linz. In: Historical yearbook of the city of Linz 2001.
- Dehio Linz 2009 , Altstadt, Stadtpfarrkirche Mariä Himmelfahrt, pp. 25–33.
- City parish church of the Assumption. Pp. 14-15. In: Christoph Freilinger, Martina Gelsinger: Churches in Linz. Art guide, Dean's Office of the Linz Region in cooperation with the Art Department of the Diocese of Linz, Linz 2009.
- Ludwig Rumpl: The early city pastors of Linz (1240-1552). In: Historisches Jahrbuch der Stadt Linz 1966. Linz 1967, pp. 11–59, online (PDF) in the forum OoeGeschichte.at.
- Ludwig Rumpl: The Linz city pastors in the second half of the 16th century. In: Historisches Jahrbuch der Stadt Linz 1962. Linz 1963, pp. 129–192, part 1 (PDF) in the forum OoeGeschichte.at, part 2 (PDF) in the forum OoeGeschichte.at, part 3 (PDF) in the forum OoeGeschichte.at .
- Ludwig Rumpl: The Linz city pastors of the 17th century. In: Historisches Jahrbuch der Stadt Linz 1963. Linz 1964, pp. 65–128, part 1 (PDF) in the forum OoeGeschichte.at, part 2 (PDF) in the forum OoeGeschichte.at.
- Ludwig Rumpl: The Linz city pastors of the 18th century. In: Historisches Jahrbuch der Stadt Linz 1964. Linz 1965, pp. 193–225, online (PDF) in the forum OoeGeschichte.at.
- Ludwig Rumpl: The Linz city pastors of the 19th and 20th centuries. In: Historisches Jahrbuch der Stadt Linz 1965. Linz 1966, pp. 223–270, part 1 (PDF) in the forum OoeGeschichte.at, part 2 (PDF) in the forum OoeGeschichte.at.
- Ludwig Rumpl: Supplements to the Linz city pastors, preachers and city clerks. In: Historisches Jahrbuch der Stadt Linz 1977. Linz 1978, pp. 347–354, online (PDF) in the forum OoeGeschichte.at.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ A b Erwin Reidinger: Medieval town planning using the example of Linz. Historical yearbook of the city of Linz 2001.
- ↑ a b Rumpl 1967, p. 32.
- ↑ Rumpl 1967, p. 35.
- ↑ a b c d Rumpl 1964, p. 100.
- ↑ a b Rumpl 1965, p. 215.
- ↑ Rumpl 1967, p. 41 f (complete list of Linz city pastors).
- ↑ Rumpl 1963, pp. 135f.
- ↑ Rumpl 1963, p. 141.
- ↑ Rumpl 1963, p. 163.
- ↑ Rumpl 1963, pp. 144-146.
- ↑ Rumpl 1963, p. 152.
- ↑ Rumpl 1963, p. 155.
- ↑ Rumpl 1963, p. 182f.
- ↑ a b c Rumpl 1963, p. 188.
- ↑ Rumpl 1964, p. 71.
- ↑ Rumpl 1964, p. 75.
- ↑ Rumpl 1963, p. 76.
- ↑ Rumpl 1964, p. 78.
- ↑ Rumpl 1964, p. 85.
- ↑ Rumpl 1964, pp. 89f.
- ↑ Rumpl 1964, p. 91.
- ↑ Rumpl 1964, p. 92.
- ↑ Rumpl 1964, p. 95.
- ↑ Rumpl 1964, p. 98.
- ↑ Rumpl 1964, p. 105.
- ↑ Rumpl 1964, p. 106.
- ↑ Rumpl 1964, p. 113f.
- ↑ Rumpl 1964, p. 115.
- ↑ Rumpl 1964, p. 116.
- ↑ Rumpl 1964, p. 116.
- ↑ Rumpl 1964, p. 119.
- ^ Rumpl 1964, panel XI (photo of Gentilotti's grave monument).
- ↑ Rumpl 1965, p. 214.
- ↑ Dehio Linz 2009
- ↑ Quoted from: Elisabeth Maier : Anton Bruckner as Linz cathedral and parish organist . Aspects of a calling. With a contribution by Ikarus Kaiser : The cathedral and city parish bandmaster Karl Borromäus Waldeck and the organ of the city parish church in Linz , Vienna 2009 (Anton Bruckner, Documents and Studies, edited by Theophil Antonicek, in collaboration with Andreas Lindner and Klaus Petermayr, Volume 15 ), P. 32.
- ↑ Information on the organ ( Memento of the original from June 17, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
Coordinates: 48 ° 18 ′ 23 " N , 14 ° 17 ′ 19" E