Maria on the shore

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Maria on the shore
Closer view of the Gothic bell tower

Maria am Gestade is a Gothic Roman Catholic church in Vienna's 1st district, Innere Stadt , near the Danube Canal . It was the traditional church of the Danube boatmen . The name is derived from the former location of the church on the high bank of an arm of the then still unregulated Danube . Maria am Gestade is one of the oldest churches in Vienna, along with the Peterskirche and Ruprechtskirche .

history

At the site of today's church there was originally a chapel, which is said to have been built as early as the 9th century, although this cannot be clearly documented. Indirectly, it was first mentioned in 1137 (as part of the history of the construction of St. Stephen's Church as one of the churches of the former parish of St. Peter ), expressly for the first time in a document dating back to 1200. The ownership of the land were relatively inscrutable - it was between the Schottenstift , Viennese bourgeois families and the Bishop of Passau transferred back and forth.

From 1302 the church was owned by the Lords von Greif , who had the choir rebuilt from 1330 to 1355 and probably designed it as a family burial site. The church later fell to the bishops of Passau, who owned it even after Vienna was elevated to a diocese in 1469.

After the church fell into disrepair in the course of the 18th century, it was in danger of being demolished and served as a warehouse and horse stable. In 1812 it was rededicated and subsequently became part of the Redemptorist Order . The Gothic choir windows were brought to Laxenburg and built into the Franzensburg there . The church was restored around 1900 and again around 1930 - this mainly concerned the portal figures.

Today the church serves as a place of worship for the Czech and Slovak communities in Vienna.

description

Church floor plan
View from the nave to the high altar
Hornberg votive picture from 1462 in the Clemens Chapel

The nave , which is narrower than the choir due to the limited space and is slightly bent due to the course of the Danube arm at that time, was started around 1400, with Duke Albrecht III last . acted as client himself. The kink in the building axis ( axis kink ) can also be traced back to deliberately applied medieval measurement methods (alignment of the building axes according to different sunrise positions). Since the axes of the nave and choir are laterally offset, this simulates an "exaggerated kink".

For the nave, too, cross connections to the simultaneous large-scale construction site Sankt Stephan are very likely; they are obviously at the tower, which was started together with the choir around 1330. The builder of the choir and the tower is Michael Knab , who also designed the (later modified) plan for the cathedral's towers; his successor, Peter Prachatitz, was also a cathedral builder. Just like the south tower of Sankt Stephan, the tower tapers with a change in floor plan.

The most characteristic feature of the church is the openwork spire from 1419–1428, which is designed as Gothic tendrils. It used to be recognizable from afar and is also shown on the oldest city maps.

The church has three portals decorated with reliefs and figures. The choir portal shows a protective mantle Madonna and a coronation of the Virgin Mary, both from around 1350, while the middle portal has realistic depictions of angels making music. The main portal , crowned by a canopy, shows reliefs of the two saints named John (Baptist and Evangelist) from around 1410 (stylistically possibly related to the St. Vitus Cathedral in Prague ). The statues to the left of the door show Paul, Johannes d. Baptist, Theresa of Avila and Hieronymus. The statues to the right of the door show Leopold, Anna, Josef and Petrus. Under the canopy there are three mosaics of the Annunciation , Pietà and Holy Virgin Mary, Queen of Angels , which were created in 1901 by Albert Neuhauser .

An annunciation group in the nave of the church dates from around 1360 and is assigned to the master of the Minorite workshop, that is, they have the same stylistic features as the portal figures of the Vienna Minorite Church . Due to their partial detachment from the wall and the spatial independence of the gestures, they are considered an important transition piece to High Gothic .

On November 4, 1862, the remains of St. Clement Maria Hofbauer from the romantic cemetery in Maria Enzersdorf near Mödling were transferred to this church, his relics are in the altar, the old grave slab is mounted on one of the pillars.

The so-called Hornberg votive picture from 1462 is of art historical importance . It is located in the Clemens Chapel.

The masonry of the church was at least partially plastered or whitewashed on its outside in earlier times. During a restoration in 1931, a drawing of a roughly seven-meter-tall Christophorus figure was found under peeling mortar , preserved and missing parts added. It should remain visible in the long term. Research in 1994 showed, however, that the figure was no longer recognizable. Under the layers of dirt on the wall (which had arisen not least in 1945 as a result of the fire in the surrounding houses ) there were still lines, but 70% of the former structure was lost. A restoration no longer made sense because the existing lines no longer resulted in contiguous shapes. The remains were secured and whitewashed again. This development is seen as an example of the fact that such old drawings can only be effectively protected if they are whitewashed again after they have been found and documented and thus continue to be protected from fading, soiling and erosion. The only visual reminder of the location of the picture is a plastered vault in the south facade of the church, which indicates the location of an earlier protective roof.

A steep staircase leads to the church from Gasse Am Gestade , which in its current form dates from 1937. The church is sometimes called Maria Stiegen after her . Due to the long staircase, it is often used for weddings.

organ

The Mauracher organ

The large organ on the west gallery was built in 1911 by the organ builder Matthäus Mauracher jun. (Salzburg) built. Pipe material from the previous organs was reused in this instrument, as well as the baroque organ that stood on the former musician's gallery in the church's choir. The neo-Gothic prospect comes in large parts from the predecessor organ, which was built by Friedrich Deutschmann. The late romantic cone chest instrument has 36 stops on two manuals and pedal . The playing and stop actions are pneumatic.

I Hauptwerk C – g 3
1. Drone 16 ′
2. Principal 8th'
3. Hollow flute 8th'
4th Dumped 8th'
5. Gamba 8th'
6th Salicional 8th'
7th Octave 4 ′
8th. Reed flute 4 ′
9. violin 4 ′
10. Quintatön 5 1 ⁄ 3  ′
11. Cornett 4 ′
12. Intoxicating fifth II 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
13. mixture 2 ′
14th Trumpet 8th'
II Swell C – g 3
15th Violin principal 8th'
16. Philomela 8th'
17th Gemshorn 8th'
18th Lovely Gedackt 8th'
19th Viola d'amour 8th'
20th Vox coelestis 8th'
21st Prestant 4 ′
22nd Flauto traverso 4 ′
23. Dolce 4 ′
24. Progressio 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
Pedals C – d 1
Large pedal
25th Major bass 16 ′
26th Violon 16 ′
27. Sub bass 16 ′
28. Octavbass 8th'
29 Flute bass 8th'
30th cello 8th'
31. Pedal cornet 5 1 ⁄ 3  ′
32. trombone 16 ′
Piano pedal
33. Violon 16 ′
34. Sub bass 16 ′
35. Flute bass 8th'
36. cello 8th'
  • Coupling : I / I (super octave coupling), II / I (also as sub and super octave coupling), II / II (super and sub octave coupling) I / P, II / P, P / P (super octave coupling)

literature

 Joseph Feil: On the building history of the Maria am Gestade church in Vienna in the communications of the kk Central Commission for Research and Conservation of Architectural Monuments , Volume 2 1857, (category with associated images on Commons )
  • Alfred Fischeneder-Meiseneder: The architecture of the Gothic in the east of Austria. Studies of sacred buildings in the 14th and 15th centuries with a focus on the period around 1400 . Diss. University of Vienna 2016, p. 65, p. 127ff.
  • Stefanie Linsboth: Maria am Gestade in Vienna. Architecture, equipment and development of a high Gothic choir . Thesis. Faculty of History and Cultural Studies at the University of Vienna, Vienna 2012 ( PDF file; 30 MB ).
  • Karl Weiss : The gothic church Maria am Gestade in Vienna . (Part 1/2). In: Carl Freiherr von Czoernig (Ed.), Karl Weiss (Red.): Mittheilungen der kaiserl. royal Central Commission for Research and Conservation of Architectural Monuments . Volume 1.1856, ZDB -ID 220003-x . Braumüller, Vienna 1856, pp. 149–152. - Full text online .
  • Carl Dilgskron: History of the Church of Our Lady on the Shore of Vienna . 1882. Full text online .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Felix Czeike: Vienna. Art, culture and history of the Danube metropolis . Dumont, 1999. p. 166 ff.
  2. ^ Ferdinand Opll: The Vienna Stephanskirche before its first mention. In: Studies on Viennese History. Yearbook of the Association for the History of the City of Vienna JbVGStW 75, year 2019. ISSN  1027-8788 pp. 153–179.
  3. ^ Erwin Reidinger : Medieval church planning in town and country from the point of view of "structural archeology" - location, orientation and bend in the axis. In: Contributions to medieval archeology in Austria (BMÖ). Volume 21, year 2005. ISSN  1011-0062 ZDB -ID 805848-9 . Vienna 2005. p. 51.
  4. ↑ Manfred Koller : The last Gothic facade Christophorus of Vienna. For Christoph Autherith-Riedl. In: Viennese history sheets . Edited by the Association for the History of the City of Vienna . 70th year, issue 2/2015. ISSN  0043-5317 ZDB -ID 2245-7 . Pp. 115-127.
  5. ↑ More information about the organ

Web links

Commons : Maria am Gestade  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 48 ° 12 '46.4 "  N , 16 ° 22' 14.2"  E