Giovanni Giuriati

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Giovanni Battista Giuriati (born August 4, 1876 in Venice , † May 6, 1970 in Rome ) was an Italian politician, secretary of the fascists from 1930 to 1931 .

Life

Giurati was born to Domenico Giurati and Giovanna Bigaglia. His father, lawyer and member of the Left from 1882 to 1886, and Giuseppe, notary and grandfather on his father's side, had taken part in Venice's uprising against Austrian rule from 1848 to 1849. After that they had to go into exile in Turin until 1866.

The ideas of Risorgimento and Irredentismo became leading ideas for Giovanni Giurati. In 1902 he enrolled with the Democrazia sociale , in 1903 with the Associazione Trento e Trieste , which had just been founded in Venice. She made territorial demands, which Giurati intensified, who became president of this association in 1913. After graduating in law from the University of Padua in 1908, he initially worked as a lawyer. In 1910 he published a work on La navigazione aerea e il pericolo criminale ., I delitti contro la proprietà followed in 1913 . As a supporter of nationalist circles, he supported the conquest of Libya and belonged to a group in Venice that wanted to fight socialism across party lines. As part of the Associazione Trento e Trieste , he broke with the earlier ideas of the liberation of Italy from foreign rule and turned to extremely nationalist circles, who viewed the Slavic rule on the eastern side of the Adriatic as an obstacle to the restoration of Italian dominance. So he looked for a way of eliminating the underlying influence of Austria-Hungary by staging a just war.

Giovanni Giuriati volunteered when Italy entered the First World War and went first to Trentino , then to the Isonzo front. He was seriously injured in his right arm during the war. After a year in hospital, he voluntarily returned to the front and fought between Bainsizza and Isonzo. On August 17, 1919, he was injured again and was finally unfit for war from January 1918. After the end of the war, he joined the rioters of Gabriele D'Annunzio who occupied the controversial city of Fiume (today's Rijeka) in 1919 . After they had been driven out by regular Italian troops in 1920, he founded his own fascist group in 1920, the Lega italiana per la difesa degli interestsi nazionali , which, however, was soon banned, so that he converted with the cadres to Mussolini's Partito Nazionale Fascista .

Although he remained a member of the Democrazia sociale, he became a member of the fascist party in May 1919. On the side of d'Annunzio Giuriati took part in the occupation of Fiumes. From September to December 1919 he sat before the Cabinet d'Annunzio. On December 19, he lost this position after negotiations with Foreign Ministers Sforza and Badoglio. At the intervention of d'Annunzio, however, he was given command of the Legione del Carnaro. In February 1920 he tried in vain to influence the peace negotiations in Paris, but was not even admitted as a representative of the military government of Fiume. So he ran the League of Fiume, which mainly served to turn Croats, Montenegrins, Albanians and Macedonians against the Serbs and to smash Yugoslavia. But due to a lack of economic resources and because Italy itself negotiated with the Yugoslav government, the project remained meaningless. After the Treaty of Rapallo , Giuriati wanted to occupy the island of Curzola with d'Annunzio's support, but d'Annunzio soon withdrew his support for the uprising. Giuriati left Fiume on November 29, 1920 and returned to Venice.

In March 1922 he led a coup against the Italian-controlled government of the Free State of Fiume, the putschists installed him as provisional president of the Free State on March 9, but his reign ended a week later on March 17, 1922.

Back in Italy, Giurati took part in the March on Rome in October of the same year ; after the fascists came to power, he joined the government as minister for infrastructure issues, and in 1924 Mussolini appointed him special ambassador for Latin America with the task of exporting the fascist idea.

In April 1929 the new, purely fascist Italian Chamber of Deputies elected Giurati as its president, and he held this office until 1934 when he moved to the Senate .

The high point of his career in the fascist movement was his appointment as secretary of the Italian fascists in October 1930, thus number 2 in the system after Benito Mussolini . After only one year, however, he had to resign from this office in December 1931, because as a staunch anti-clerical he was burdening relations with the Vatican .

In 1943 he was a member of the conspirators within the Grand Fascist Council who deposed Mussolini for the purpose of Italy leaving the Union of Axis Powers .

After the Second World War he withdrew into private life.

literature

Web links

  • Entry in the Portale storico of the Camera dei deputati
  • Entry in the Senatori dell'Italia fascista database of the Historical Archives of the Italian Senate

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Giovanni Giurati: La navigazione aerea e il pericolo criminale , Verona 1910.
  2. ^ I delitti contro la proprietà , Milan 1913.
  3. ↑ a b c New No. 2 man . In: TIME magazine , October 6, 1930
  4. ↑ Italian Fascism than Export' articles (1927-1935) ; Beate Scholz; 1997; Footnote 45, deposit.ddb.de (PDF)
  5. ↑ All But Five . In: TIME magazine , May 13, 1929
  6. ^ Oath Explained . In: TIME magazine , December 14, 1931
personal data
SURNAME Giuriati, Giovanni
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Giuriati, Giovanni Battista (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Italian fascist politician, member of the Camera dei deputati
DATE OF BIRTH 4th August 1876
PLACE OF BIRTH Venice
DATE OF DEATH May 6, 1970
Place of death Rome