Johann Georg Fischer (master builder)
Johann Georg Fischer (born January 21, 1673 in Oberdorf im Allgäu ; † April 24, 1747 in Füssen ) was both a stonemason and a master builder . For a long time he stood in the shadow of his famous uncle Johann Jakob Herkomer (1652–1717), as whose palier he initially worked. With Herkomer's moderate, at the same time universally applicable canon of forms , he acquired the opportunity to achieve the greatest possible effect with little effort. The practicability of the system finally made it widespread in Swabia and Tyrol through the so-called Füssen School. Fischer's son Franz Karl followed in his father's footsteps, as did his palier Franz Xaver Kleinhans.
Marktoberdorf commemorates the town's son with Georg-Fischer-Straße and the Johann-Georg-Fischer Art Prize. There is a Johann-Georg-Fischer-Weg in Kißlegg .
Life
Johann Georg Fischer was the son of the master baker Georg Fischer and his wife Regina, the older sister (* 1639) of the painter and architect Johann Jakob Herkomer . Johann Georg lost his father as early as 1679. When his uncle returned from Italy in 1685, he practically adopted the nephew and took care of the boy's professional training according to his own intention. An apprenticeship as a stonemason with Johann Seidenmann in Rieden am Forggensee (probably from around 1686 to 1690) was followed by a shortened second apprenticeship from 1693 to 1695 with Augustin Stickel from Weibletshofen, the famous master mason of the Upper Village, known as Hillenthaler .
From 1701 Fischer worked as a stonemason and paler for his uncle Johann Jakob Herkomer on the new building of the St. Mang monastery in Füssen. At the end of 1706 he bought a house in Füssen Reichenstrasse, and in 1707 he married the Füssen baker's daughter Euphrosinia Stadler. In 1710 he was elected supervisor of the Füssen masonry trade, and from 1741 the Dillingen court chamber created the office of master landscape architect for him.
Only after Herkomer's death in 1717 was Fischer able to come up with his own architectural ideas and work. In Innsbruck he had to take over the existing foundations for the new St. Jakob building, but made decisive changes to the plans. Its construction was trend-setting for the Tyrolean baroque architecture. After the death of his first wife, Fischer entered into a second marriage with Maria Viktoria Berchtold from Schongau in 1744 at the age of 71 . Increasingly plagued by gout, he died on April 26, 1747.
plant
Stonemason
Fischer's training as a stonemason and his extensive and sometimes excellent stonemasonry work have so far never been presented in context in the literature and, overall, only inadequately. The builder also worked as a stonemason until the end of his life. However, he usually had to implement other people's designs.
Palier
As his uncle's palier, Johann Georg Fischer was in charge of almost all of Herkomer's construction projects, in particular the construction work for the St. Mang monastery in Füssen from 1701 onwards. In Innsbruck, too, he was initially intended as a palier for St. Jakob, before he came into play as a master builder with his own plans.
builder
Only after Herkomer's death, ie from 1717, did Fischer become comprehensible with his own architectural work. In contrast to his uncle, he had learned the basics of bricklaying from a solid local master. He was able to acquire further knowledge during two stays in Italy with his uncle - from the summer of 1695 to the end of 1697 and again in 1698. Above all, however, he benefited from the almost 17 years of intensive collaboration with Herkomer. As a master builder in the period between the powerful innovators (such as Herkomer) and the creative accomplices (such as Dominikus Zimmermann), Fischer was previously denied greater fame. The fact that his first independent building also became his most important is almost unique.
Catalog raisonné
Stone carvings
(archival evidence)
- 1690/1691 stone slab floor in Dillingen Castle on the Danube
- from 1701 stone carving for the monastery of Sankt Mang in Füssen
- from 1717 marble high altar for St. Mang
- 1719 Marian column in front of Wolfegg Castle
- 1719 Offer to Weingarten Monastery
- 1723 Two marble chimneys for Kißlegg Castle
- 1732 "Welscher marble chimney" to Munich
- 1746 deposit for the good execution of the marble choir altar for the Eichstätter cathedral
Johann Georg Fischer played a key role in the stonemasonry work listed below:
- 1706 Marble work in the Guardian Angel Chapel of Kempten St. Lorenz
- 1711 marble altar for the abbot's chapel in the monastery of St. Mang in Füssen
- from 1712 marble work in the Magnus Chapel in Füssen St. Mang
- 1713/1714 marble epitaph for Bishop Johann Christoph von Freyberg in the Wolfgang chapel of Augsburg Cathedral
- 1714 Large marble abbey coat of arms for Ottobeuren
- 1717 grave slab for Johann Jakob Herkomer in the chapel at Sameister
- from 1723 transept altars in Füssen St. Mang
- until 1735 marble chapel in Füssen St. Mang
Main architectural works
The buildings are sorted according to the year they started
- 1717 parish church St. Jakob in Innsbruck (now cathedral)
- 1718 St. Anna's church chapel in Kißlegg
- 1721 Parish Church of St. Nikolaus in Bernbeuren
- 1721 St. Sebastian cemetery church in Füssen
- 1721 New Waldburg-Zeil'sches Schloss in Kißlegg
- 1722 Prince-Bishop's Palace in Marktoberdorf
- 1724 Field Church St. Ulrich and Afra in Füssen
- 1724 Church of the Resurrection in Breitenwang (Tyrol)
- 1725 parish church of St. Ulrich in Unterpinswang (Tyrol)
- 1728 St. Michael pilgrimage church in Bertoldshofen
- 1728 Filial church Hl. Kreuz in Steingaden- Kreuzberg
- 1729 Holy Sepulcher Chapel in Bidingen -Weiler
- 1729 Parish Church of the Divine Mother in Buchloe (renovation)
- 1729/31 rectory in Rückholz
- 1732 Parish Church of St. Martin in Marktoberdorf
- 1732 Parish Church of St. Oswald in Leitershofen
- 1732 Tower of the branch church in Helmishofen
- 1733 Abbey and Castle Church of St. Katharina and Franziskus in Wolfegg (now parish church)
- 1734 Parish church of St. Gallus and Ulrich in Kißlegg
- 1736 Monastery church of the Assumption of the Virgin of the Franciscan convent in Dillingen on the Danube
- 1739 Parish Church of St. Pankratius in Sulzschneid
Most of the listed works have been archived. Only a small part are attributions. In addition, Johann Georg Fischer planned and created numerous chapels, parsonages and smaller secular buildings.
literature
- Adolf Layer : Füssen-St. Mang as the artistic center of the Lechtal Baroque and Rococo , in: Festschrift for the twelve hundredth anniversary of St. Magnus, Füssen 1950, pp. 47–89
- Martin Dömling: Johann Georg Fischer 1673–1747 , in: Oberdorfer Heimatbuch, Marktoberdorf 1952, pp. 374–381
- Hildebrand Dussler: The Allgäu baroque master builder Johann Jakob Herkomer, life and work (Allgäuer Heimatbücher vol. 52), Kempten 1956
- Heinz Jürgen Sauermost: The Allgäu baroque master builder Johann Georg Fischer . Edited by the Swabian Research Association . (= Row 1: Studies on the History of Bavarian Swabia; 14). Augsburg 1969 (also dissertation, Munich 1966)
- Ingo Seufert: Notes on Johann Georg Fischer's early work , in: Alt Füssen. Yearbook of the historical association "Alt Füssen" 1997 ISSN 0939-2467 , pp. 79–84
- Entry on Johann Georg Fischer , in General Artist Lexicon , Vol. 40, Munich and Leipzig 2004, p. 363
- Herbert Wittmann: Johann Georg Fischer (1673-1747) - "In the shadow of Herkomer" , in: Alt Füssen. Yearbook of the historical association "Alt Füssen" 2010 ISSN 0939-2467 , pp. 34–69
- Friedrich Zoepfl : Fischer, Johann Georg. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 5, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1961, ISBN 3-428-00186-9 , p. 191 ( digitized version ).
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Seufert, Ingo: Johann Jakob Herkomer (1652-1717), Lindenberg 2009, p. 103. See also Sauermost (1969), p. 3 and p. 142. In the birth letter of December 28, 1706 it says: “Johann Georg Vischer , Steinmetz von Oberdorf. “Dertsch, Richard: Abwanderungen aus der Pflege Oberdorf 1576–1802 (Allgäuer Heimatbücher, 31st volume), Kempten 1940, p. 45
- ^ New, Wilhelm: Contributions to the work of the Füssen master builder Johann Georg Fischer, in: Das Münster, 18. Jahr, Issue 9/10, September - October 1965, p. 345
- ↑ Stadtarchiv Füssen, Abbey Archives St. Mang, Abteirechnungen, Vol. 352, p. 26 (year 1701): Hans Georg, Pallier hewn stone for short days and worked 34½ days for 28 kr. ... then 77 long days at 40 kr. Likewise on p. 31: Martius Täg Hanß Georg Vischer… Mr Johann Jacob Herkhomers Pallier is the 10th Marti anhero komen and on the 11th he started with the preparation of the stains to the columns. Promise him 28 kr of the day. The Kosst sambots in the cake with the servant. Every day 2 mass beer and 2 bread, may consume them as you like. And on days I don't give him anything else, I gave him and his people a drink of beer and bread for dinner and Brantt wine in the morning, but only because of the sharp air, I have already told him that after Easter there will be neither him nor anything extra give anything, even until the stain is worked out, not give more wages than 28 kr. of the day, is happy with both.
- ↑ Sauermost (1969), p 54
- ↑ Stadtarchiv Füssen, Abbey Archives St. Mang, Abteirechnungen, Vol. 357, p. 20: (5th / 6th January 1720): Pay for back and front Khoraltarfues sambt those double appearances to the Hans Georgen Fischer a Conto of 388 fl. 43 kr. Further corresponding entries will follow. A total of almost 600 guilders were paid for the altar to fishermen alone, a huge sum! See also Layer (1950), pp. 61 and 62
- ^ Layer (1950), p. 66
- ↑ On November 9, 1713, Abbot Gerhard Oberleitner from Füssen wrote to Abbot Rupert II. Ness von Ottobeuren , after he had ordered eight smaller and thirteen larger cornice stones made from Füssen marble in a previous letter. He promised the careful production of these cornice stones, "and that if possible before and before my stonemasons begin the precious and laborious epitaph, which a venerable cathedral chapter in Augsburg under the direction of Herkomers has made for the last deceased bishop in Augsburg ..." (Rosamaria Brandl, Anton Sturm ( 1690-1757) , dissertation Munich 1957, typescript)
personal data | |
---|---|
SURNAME | Fischer, Johann Georg |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German builder of the baroque |
DATE OF BIRTH | January 21, 1673 |
PLACE OF BIRTH | Oberdorf in the Allgäu |
DATE OF DEATH | April 24, 1747 |
Place of death | Feet |