Ourense

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Ourense
coat of arms Map of Spain
Ourense coat of arms
Ourense (Spain)
Finland road sign 311 (1994-2020) .svg
Basic data
Autonomous Community : GaliciaGalicia Galicia
Province : Ourense
Comarca : Ourense
Coordinates 42 ° 20 ′  N , 7 ° 52 ′  W Coordinates: 42 ° 20 ′  N , 7 ° 52 ′  W
Height : 132  msnm
Area : 85.2 km²
Residents : 105,233 (Jan 1, 2019)
Population density : 1,235.13 inhabitants / km²
Municipality number  ( INE ): 32054
administration
Mayor : Jesús Vázquez Abad ( PPdeG ) (since 2015)
Website : www.ourense.gal/gl/

Ourense ( Castilian Orense , see name ) is a city in northwestern Spain on the Rio Miño in the autonomous region of Galicia ( Galician : Comunidade Autónoma de Galicia). Ourense is the seat of government in the province of the same name .

Surname

  • Ourense is the official name of the city as recognized by the Xunta de Galicia . The name of the province was adapted accordingly with a Spanish law of 1998.
  • Orense is accepted by the Royal Spanish Academy [for language] and can be used in non-official documents by the Spanish-speaking population.

The name of the city is possibly derived from "la ciudad del oro" ( Auriense , the city of gold) and describes the enormous deposits of the precious metal that could be found on the river. Another theory is that the Romans named the city Aquae Urentes (burning water) because of the sulfur springs called As Burgas . Burgas, on the other hand, probably comes from the Latin burca for "basin".

geography

In and around Ourense, three hot springs emerge on the banks of the Miño, known as As Burgas . The river runs through the province of Ourense and in the middle of its course through the city itself. The upstream stretch, from Los Peares to near Ourense, is formed by a valley that is about 300 m wide and where you can enjoy wonderful views Finds viewpoints and great scenic beauty. The Montealegre rises on the left bank of the river, against which the city hugs and closes the valley to the east. The mountains in the region create a microclimate at the transition from the Rías Baixas on the Atlantic Ocean and the continental climate of the inland, which is characterized by cold, wet winters and extremely hot, but also humid summers.

history

Puente Romano

The Romans settled in the area of ​​today's Ourense because they valued the hot springs as thermal and healing fountains. They built a bridge over the river, the Puente Romano ( Gal. Ponte Vella for "Old Bridge"), and thus created an important connecting route.

In the 5th century Ourense became the seat of the Orense Diocese . As the capital of the Kingdom of the Suebi , Ourense flourished in the 5th and 6th centuries. The Suebi king Teodomiro († 570) built Ourense's first cathedral after converting from Arianism to Catholicism . Constant raids by the Moorish conquerors under Abdelaziz and the Almansor as well as the Normans devastated the city so much that it remained almost uninhabited for several centuries. In 1071, under the personal protection of King Sancho II of Castile , it was finally rebuilt. As a bishopric, the city gained importance in the following centuries as a spiritual center, but increasingly also as a trading city. In the 13th century, Ourense was an important commercial center in Galicia due to its geographical location and its large Jewish community . The economic decline started after the expulsion of the Ourensan Jews in 1492 by the Catholic Kings . In the following centuries, Ourenses steadily decreased in importance.

Until the 18th century there were stately legal disputes; nevertheless the wine and oil trade flourished at this time. In the 19th century the importance of the city continued to grow, mainly because of new traffic routes.

At the beginning of the 20th century, the city played an important role in administration, transport and trade. The new Ponte Nova bridge and a small industrial zone formed the basis for development in the Ponte district , but the infrastructure in the historic city also continued to grow. A local newspaper and the Caixa de Aforros savings bank were founded, and the cultural and leisure sector developed. In the second half of the 20th century, the construction of the Ourense – Zamora railway was completed and a new bridge was built to provide further access to Galicia. In 1959, the Sierra de la Culebra line was a fast rail link to Madrid . These measures led to economic growth, increased demand for labor and an expansion of the housing market.

Population development

  • 107,542 inhabitants (as of 2013).
  • Population density: 1,279 inhabitants / km².
Population development of the city of Ourense 1857–2009 (INE)
1857 1867 1877 1887 1897 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1981 1991 2001 2005 2008 2013
11,000 10,800 12,600 14,200 15,300 15,200 16,000 17,600 21,600 28,300 55,600 64,200 73,400 96,000 102,800 109,000 108,400 107,800 107,542

Parroquias (parishes, parishes)

  • Arrabaldo (Santa Cruz)
  • Beiro (Santa Baia)
  • Cabeza de Vaca (San Bieito)
  • Canedo (San Miguel)
  • O Castro de Beiro (Santo André)
  • Ceboliño (Bo Xesús)
  • Cudeiro (San Pedro)
  • Montealegre (A Milagrosa)
  • Orense
  • Palmés (San Mamede)
  • Rairo (Santa Lucía)
  • Reza (Santa María)
  • Santa Mariña do Monte (Santa Mariña)
  • Santiago das Caldas (Santiago)
  • Seixalbo (San Breixo)
  • Tras do Hospital (A Asunción)
  • Trasalba (San Pedro)
  • Lower (Santo Estevo)
  • Velle (Santa Marta)
  • Vilar de Astrés (Purísima Concepción)
  • Vista Fermosa (San Xosé)

Attractions

70 degrees warm water
Park As Burgas
Ourense Cathedral
  • As Burgas : springs from thermal water (64–88 °) silicate , fluorinated , lytinated and hyperthermal, applicable for various dermatoses . In the garden of the lower part is the Burga de Abaixo ("Lower Basin"), a late neoclassical fountain designed in the mid-19th century. It consists of three bodies and an ancient city coat of arms. If you go up the stairs you come to a pond with two sculptures: A casa da nube (“The House of Clouds”) and Calpurnia Abana . In the upper part is the Burga de Arriba ("Upper Basin"), a fountain in the folk style of the 17th century. On the right is a replica of the 4 altars found in the city.
  • A Ponte Vella :only a few stones remainfrom the first Roman bridge of the Augustus era. A branch of the Roman road XVIII of Antonino's travel planran through the village. It was rebuilt in the 13th century, giving it its current profile with the pointed arch, but it was not until the 17th century that Melchor de Velasco completed it to its present form. The tower that appears in the city's coat of arms was destroyed in the 19th century. Near the bridge is the Capilla dos Remedios , a 16th century chapel.
  • Santa María Madre : The previous church of Ourense Cathedral was demolished in 1722 to be rebuilt in the Baroque style . From the first basilica a few columns and marble capitals remain.
  • Santa Eufemia : The church of the former Jesuit monastery was financed by a private foundation. Its construction began in the middle of the 17th century, but the front was not finished until a century later, as the inscription on the door shows. Its builder is Plácido Iglesias . After the dissolution of the Jesuit order, it was used as a parish church. Its main facade is designed in the Baroque style and is characterized by splendor and curved lines. Thanks to its concave shape, it adapts to the surrounding buildings. Its floor plan is a Latin cross with three aisles. It is equipped with a large baroque altar and has the sculpture Cristo da Esperanza ("Christ of Hope"). After the cathedral, it is the largest church in the city.
  • Santo Domingo : Also financed by a private foundation, this Dominican monastery was built in the 17th century, keeping the reverse-oriented church in the Renaissance style. It has a plain front with a portal that is framed by fluted columns. Above is a gable roof with a circular, unworked coat of arms with a royal crown. This unit ends with a few small pyramids. The foundation, made of a Latin cross, consists of a single longitudinal nave covered by a cross vault. In the transept there is a dome over inserts. There are interesting baroque altarpieces there.
  • San Francisco : The Church of the Franciscans was built in the 14th century above the town. The cloister is still preserved from her. In 1929 she was transferred to the San Lázaro Park. The front shows a rosette in the upper partand two buttresses in the lowerpart, whichframea triple cornice . It has columns with a smooth and fluted shaft, as well as plant-like, animal-like and also human-like (bagpipers) capitals. Inside, apart from the sanctuary, there is a wooden ceiling. There the ceiling is pointed. There are various tombs in the main part.
  • Palacio de Oca-Valladares / Liceo : An old noble house ( Duke of Osuna ) and one of the most important Renaissance palaces in Galicia, from the mid-16th century. It has a front over two floors, with five coats of arms of different Galician families in the central balcony. These are repeated in the inner courtyard. Since 1850 it has been the seat of one of the oldest cultural associations in the city, the Liceo Recreo .
Ourense view 1
Ourense view 2

education

There is a branch of the University of Vigo in Ourense .

Leisure activities in and around Ourense

  • Hiking routes: banks of the Miño; near Ceboliño; Bamio-Mende; Ourense-Santa Mariña; Ourense-Montealegre; near Rabodegalo; As Carballas ruins of the Santa Comba de Naves monastery.
  • Lookouts: On the Loña River; in the area of ​​Costa de Canedo, Castro de Beiro, Cabeanca and Palmés; near Reza; Montealegre.
  • Baths: Park of the Miño; Posío garden; the avenue of the parish; Parque San Lázaro ; Parque da Ponte ; Parque das Mercedes ; Oira communal swimming pools; River beach of the Miño River (left bank between the Ponte Nova (New Bridge) and Ponte Vella (Old Bridge)).
  • Thermal baths: As Burgas , fountain with thermal water between 64 and 88 ° Celsius; Burga de Arriba , folk style fountain from the 17th century; Burga de Abaixo , in the lower garden (designed in this century); Mende water springs; Caldas water springs; Springs of Campo de Reza and O Inkiro; Casa de Baños (bath houses); the baths of Outeiro.
  • Sports represented: In Salto de Velle (canoeing, water sports, ...); Rockodrom in the community sports pavilion; Golf (Montealegre Golf Club, 7 km from the city); Running in San Martiño (in November).

Celebrations and events

  • Popular festivals: the festival in honor of the Virgin of Remedios (Gal. Virxe dos Remedios , in the Chapel of Remedios on September 8th); Feast in honor of the Virgin of Covadonga (gal. Virxe de Covadonga , in the Chapel of Covadonga on September 8th); the feast of the Virgin of Portovello (gal. Virxe de Portovello ) is celebrated in the chapel of Portovello on the last weekend in May; in Cabeza de Vaca on July 11th is the feast of St. Benedict ; the festival in honor of Nosa Señora da Saúde in Abeleira de Castro on the second weekend of September; the feast in honor of the Virgin of Candeas (gal. Virxe das Candeas ) in Cudeiro on February 2nd.
  • Special festivals: Santa Cruz de Arrabaldo on May 1st; Nosa Señora Fátima in Couto-Ourense in May; Saint Anthony in Vilar das Tres on June 13; Corpus Christi feast in Ourense in the second half of June; Saint Joseph in Peliquín-Ourense on June 24th; St. Peter in Cudeiro on June 29; Saint Jacob in Ponte-Ourense during the week of July 25th; the Santa Mariña on July 18th; the San Estevo in Untes on the last weekend of July; St. Marta in Velle on July 29th; the “Good Jesus” in Ceboliño on the first weekend in August; the “baby Jesus” in Rairo on the first weekend in August; St. Mary in Reza on August 15th; Saint Roch in Beiro on August 16 and 17; the San Vitoiro in Santa Cruz de Arrabaldo on the last weekend of August; Saint Francis in Ourense on the first weekend of October; St. Martin; Magosto (chestnut festival) in Ourense in early November.
  • Gastronomic festivals: O Inkiro (the inkwell) in Ponte-Ourense on the first weekend in July; Tortillas competition in Palmés on the first weekend of August; Sardine Festival in Ponte-Ourense on August 10th and 11th; Festa da Unión (Festival of Unity) in Mariñamansa-Ourense on the second weekend of September; there are also markets on the 7th and 17th of each month in the market square.

Sports

The football club CD Ourense from Ourense was founded in 1952 and played 13 seasons in the Segunda División . In 2014 the association was dissolved.

Twin cities

sons and daughters of the town

Web links

Commons : Ourense  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Cifras oficiales de población resultantes de la revisión del Padrón municipal a 1 de enero . Population statistics from the Instituto Nacional de Estadística (population update).
  2. ↑ Law 2/1998, of March 3rd, changing the names of the La Coruña and Orense provinces. (PDF, 43KB) In: BOE núm. 54. March 4, 1998, p. 7392 , accessed February 17, 2013 (Spanish).