Bilgeri von Heudorf

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Sgraffito on a house wall in Tiengen: Bilgeri (right) receives town charter
Coat of arms of the von Heudorf family from Scheibler
Drawing by thirteen-year-old Hans Fries in the Molsheim chronicle by Peter von Molsheim : Bilgeri attacks merchants on the Rhine

Bilgeri von Heudorf , also Pilgrim von Heudorf or Peregrin von Heudorf , (* around 1406 in Salem ; † 1476 at Langenstein Castle ) was a Swabian knight, feudal lord and warlord who led a 27-year-old feud with the city of Schaffhausen .

family

Bilgeri von Heudorf came from one of the oldest families of the Swabian knighthood, the knights and lords of Heudorf . His parents were the council of Bishop Heinrich IV. Von Hewen , Bilgeri the Elder von Heudorf, and Katharina von Randegg. He is mentioned in the chronicle of Ulrich von Richental as a participant in the Council of Constance .

Hermann III. von Breitenlandenberg , Bishop of Constance from 1466 to 1474, was Bilgeri von Heudorf's brother-in-law.

Life

Bilgeri von Heudorf was born around 1406 in Salem , where, according to his will, he wanted to be buried. Bilgeri initially succeeded his father as a councilor to Heinrich von Hewen, Bishop of Constance, who was notorious for his administration . From this he received the episcopal rule over the castle and town of Tiengen for life in 1444 . At the request of the bishop, King Friedrich IV granted Bilgeri von Heudorf the associated customs and coin rack and the highest jurisdiction. The acquisition of the Tiengen estate was replaced by Bilgeri von Heudorf with the Küssaberg estate in Klettgau , which he had held as a pledge since 1429. In 1452 Bilgeri von Heudorf belonged to King Friedrich's escort, who joined Emperor Friedrich III in Rome . and married Eleanor Helena of Portugal . At this event, Bilgeri von Heudorf was knighted with the sword of Charlemagne by Friedrich, along with 300 other participants in the procession, according to old customs on the Tiber Bridge . The accolade on the Tiber Bridge had the highest reputation at that time. Bilgeri von Heudorf received an increase in coat of arms and a confirmation of the privileges of the Tiengen rule. In 1452 Bilgeri von Heudorf entered the service of the Austrian Duke Sigmund from 1455 as a councilor . In 1460, during the Thurgau War, Bilgeri von Heudorf was one of the successful defenders of the city of Winterthur against superior federal forces . Together with Wilhelm von Heudorf, he was a pledge holder of the small estate and Allmut Castle .

From 1449 onwards, Bilgeri von Heudorf became increasingly entangled in local conflicts and disputes with the city of Schaffhausen , which had turned to the Confederates. The trigger was a dispute over Laufen Castle , which Bilgeri von Heudorf had occupied due to inherited claims. The Schaffhausen noblemen Hans and Konrad von Fulach , who also claimed rights, raided the castle every night and killed a relative of the Heudorfer. The resulting conflict was not settled until 1476. Bilgeri von Heudorf harassed the Schaffhausen territory over the years and obtained the ostracism of the city of Schaffhausen before the court . The city suffered great economic damage during this period. The escalation came in 1467 when Bilgeri von Heudorf captured the mayor of Schaffhausen, Hans am Stad near Anselfingen, in an open field and abducted him to the Schloss Schauenburg . Hans am Stad was physically abused and was only released after paying a ransom of 1,800 Rhenish guilders , which corresponded to his entire fortune. The confederates , who protested unsuccessfully to the regent Eleanor of Scotland , therefore besieged the city of Waldshut for five and a half weeks in 1468 . The rule of Tiengen was occupied by Schaffhausen. Another smaller property of the Heudorfers in the Fricktal was annexed by Bern .

After Charles the Bold of Burgundy took over the foreland in 1469, the province was administered by the Burgundian governor Peter von Hagenbach . This tried unsuccessfully to mediate in the dispute of the Heudorfers. On April 3, Bilgeri attacked a ship from Heudorf below Breisach in Burgundy with merchants on their way to the Frankfurt trade fair . Bilgeri von Heudorf not only received protection from the Burgundian government, but was also taken into service by the governor as a Burgundian councilor. The affair contributed to the union of the Burgundian opponents in the lower association . In 1476 the conflict between Bilgeri von Heudorfs and Schaffhausen was settled by the Lower Association. Under the arbitration of the King of Denmark , Bilgeri von Heudorf was generously compensated by his former employer, Duke Sigmund . A few weeks later, in the spring of 1476, Bilgeri von Heudorf died at his Langenstein Castle without direct descendants. The fortune fell to the male relatives of the von Heudorf family.

literature

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Heudorf, Bilgeri from
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Heudorf, Pilgrim from; Heudorf, Peregrin of
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German nobleman
DATE OF BIRTH 15th century
PLACE OF BIRTH Salem (Baden)
DATE OF DEATH 1476
Place of death Langenstein Castle near Orsingen in Hegau