Zoropsis spinimana

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Zoropsis spinimana
Zoropsis spinimana.jpg

Zoropsis spinimana

Systematics
Subordination : Real spiders (Araneomorphae)
Partial order : Entelegynae
Superfamily : Lycosoidea
Family : Curled Spiders (Zoropsidae)
Genre : Zoropsis
Type : Zoropsis spinimana
Scientific name
Zoropsis spinimana
( Dufour , 1820)

Zoropsis spinimana, also called Nosferatu Spider, is a the genuine spiders scoring type from the family of zoropsidae (Zoropsidae) in the superfamily lycosoidea.

features

The body length of male individuals reaches 10 to 13 mm, that of female animals 15 to 19 mm; with legs stretched out, 5 cm is reached. The front body ( prosoma ) is yellowish-white with extensive black markings and a white eye field. The abdomen ( opisthosoma ) is yellow-whitish in front, gray in color behind and has a median black markings. The legs are yellowish-gray in color with black ringlets. In terms of its appearance, it is reminiscent of a large wolf spider . A special feature is that thanks to the adhesive hair on the feet, they can also be used on smooth surfaces such as B. can climb glass walls.

distribution

Zoropsis spinimana

Zoropsis spinimana is native to the western Mediterranean region to the southern edge of the Alps and Dalmatia, as well as North Africa, where it occurs outdoors in open forests, under stones and bark or synanthropically in and on buildings. The annuals become sexually mature in autumn. The females lay their eggs in spring, sit in a brood chamber on the cocoon and apparently never leave it.

It was introduced to California in the 1990s and established itself in the San Francisco Bay area. Observations from Austria, Switzerland and, since 2005, also from Germany have been reported for a few years, for example from Freiburg im Breisgau, Senftenberg / Lausitz and North Rhine-Westphalia, where she probably traveled with humans. Their advance north suggests a connection with climate change. It is unclear, however, whether the species has established itself outdoors or is strictly synanthropic , because up to now it has only been found in houses north of the Alps, e.g. B. in Neukirchen-Vluyn , where a whole population of old and young animals was detected. Finds are also available from Russia.

Surname

Macro shot of Zoropsis spinimana
Female with cocoon threatening

In some media (television, newspapers) Zoropsis spinimana is referred to as "tarantula", " curled spider" or "curled spider", which can lead to confusion with the family of curled spiders (Dictynidae). The term “curled spider” is also misleading, as the family of curled spiders (Zoropsidae) comprises a total of 177 species. Both German names are not officially established for Zoropsis spinimana .

Toxicity

If the spider is cornered or feels threatened, it can also bite humans. As long as there is no particular allergy, the poison is completely harmless to humans and the effect is similar to a light bee sting.

literature

  • A. Hänggi, A. Bolzern: Zoropsis spinimana (Araneae: Zoropsidae) new for Germany. In: Arachnological Messages. 32, 2006, pp. 8-10. (PDF)
  • CE Griswold, D. Ubick: Zoropsidae: A Spider Family Newly Introduced to the USA. In: The Journal of Arachnology. 29, 2001, pp. 111-113. ( PDF , 143 kB)
  • M. Kreuels: The curled spider Zoropsis spinimana. In: Pest Control. 36, 2007, p. 16. ( PDF , 1.5 MB)
  • M. Kreuels, A. Staudt & S. Christian: The spider fauna of Luxembourg - a compilation of the evidence from the years 1906-2018 (Arachnida: Araneae). In: Bull. Soc. Nat. luxemb. 121, 2019, p. 225 and 227. PDF
  • JA Massard & G. Geimer: New for Luxembourg: Curled spider discovered in Echternach. In: Lëtzebuerger Journal , November 17, 2018, No. 268, p. 18. PDF

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Marcus Schmidt, Ambros Hänggi: Zoropsis spinimana in D, A, CH - Nosferatu as a spider . In: DpS - trade journal for pest control . tape 5 , 2018, p. 7–8 ( schaedlings.net [accessed December 8, 2019]).
  2. ^ Norman I. Platnick: The World Spider Catalog, Version 7.5. American Museum of Natural History, 2007.
  3. ^ Joel Hallan: Synopsis Of The Described Arachnida Of The World . Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University 2003.
  4. ^ A b Heimer & Nentwig: Spinnen Mitteleuropas - online key. 1991.
  5. ↑ Youtube video shows a climbing Zoropsis spinimana
  6. ↑ CE Griswold, D. Ubick: Zoropsidae: A Spider Family Newly Introduced to the USA. (PDF; 146 kB). In: The Journal of Arachnology. 29, 2001, pp. 111-113.
  7. ↑ A. Hänggi, A. Bolzern: Zoropsis spinimana (Araneae: Zoropsidae) new for Germany. (PDF; 198 kB). In: Arachnol. Mitt. 32, 2006, pp. 8-10.
  8. ↑ Poison spider conquers Germany. ( Memento from January 6, 2013 in the web archive archive.today ) In: bild.de , January 8, 2008.
  9. ↑ New spiders are coming into the country. In: NZZ. online, January 20, 2007.
  10. ↑ The immigration of Zoropsis spinimana.
  11. ↑ bite report by Mr S. Huber

Web links

Commons : Zoropsis spinimana  - Collection of images, videos and audio files