Sankt Oswald in Höllental

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St. Oswald Chapel

The St. Oswald Chapel is located in Höllental in the Black Forest , at its eastern end near the Ravenna Bridge . Politically, it is in the Steig district of the Breitnau community in the Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald district ( Baden-Württemberg ), and ecclesiastically it belongs to the Hinterzarten parish . The chapel is of Northumbria Oswald consecrated , an Anglo-Saxon king of the 7th century. He is depicted several times in the main altar of the chapel.

history

The chapel was consecrated in 1148 by Bishop Hermann I of Konstanz as a separate church of the Lords of Falkenstein (after their castle in Höllental). Since its first thorough investigation by Ekkehard Liehl, it was considered to be the nucleus of the settlement of the area, mother church of Hinterzarten and Breitnau and the oldest surviving parish church in the Black Forest. Today, however, it is also assumed that settlement began on the heights and that there was a parish church in Breitnau before St. Oswald. From the 13th century on, St. Oswald was a subsidiary church of Breitnau. That changed when Hinterzarten got its own church in 1416, today's parish church Maria in der Zarten . Since then, St. Oswald has been part of the Hinterzarten church. Efforts to give up the "old tavern", the "most dispensable of all chapels", were ended in 1812 by the grand ducal government in Karlsruhe.

The chapel holds 250 people and is used for weddings, patronage celebrations and at Christmas (via Hofgut Sternen). In addition, since 2012 there has been a monthly fair at lunchtime every summer.

building

  • 16th century: View from the east of the choir with tracery window

  • Extension from 1719

  • In 1810; so essentially still today

  • Sundial with the year 1951

Georg Hauser's lost cross
Parts of the winged altar
St. Oswald in winter

The small, rectangular chancel with its stone canteen and the two canteens of the side altars are from the Romanesque building consecrated in 1148, as is the eastern half of the south wall, which was made of herringbone masonry. At the beginning of the 13th century a groin-vaulted sacristy and an ossuary were added, which can now be seen from the south side; the lintel above the sacristy door indicates the year “1208” in Arabic numerals. In the middle of the 14th century the choir was extended to the north, at the beginning of the 16th century, when the Oswald Altar came into the church (see below), the four-lane tracery window was inserted into the east wall of the choir, the wooden tower was built around 1674 and the building around 1719 extended to the west and north. In 1719 the walls were also raised and the nave was given a gallery on wooden pillars. Above the west entrance, under the year “1719”, there are three rows of capital letters that remind of donors for the expansion. The chapel was damaged during World War II ; the war damage was repaired in 1951/1952. On the south side of the nave, above the sundial , there is a painted banderole with the note "19 - Renov - 51". After the chapel was robbed for the second time on June 7, 1980, a choir grille was installed. The figures now in the church are copies, as indicated by a sign in the choir room. This includes a copy of a crucifix on the north side of the nave , which was carved in 1617 by Georg Hauser († around 1653) from the family of sculptors of the same name . In 1980 the chapel was also renovated.

Oswald Altar

The chapel is also worth seeing because of its high altar retable from around 1515. For a long time little noticed, it was attributed in 1998 by the art historian Andreas Curtius to workshop employees of the painter Hans Baldung Grien, who was then working in Freiburg, and the sculptor Hans Wydyz , who was also working in Freiburg . It is a winged altar . The foldable wings show on the outside Saint Matthias and Saint Oswald (left) as well as Saint Sebastian and Saint Michael with the soul scales (right), each standing in front of a landscape. When open, the panel paintings show the Adoration of the Magi on the left and the Visitation of Mary on the right (Mary's visit to Elisabeth). The scenes on the inside are embedded in landscapes and marked with a gold background. In the middle, in the still original shrine , there are three full round figures, once again Saint Matthias, Saint Oswald and Saint Michael with soul scales (copies, the originals are in Hinterzarten in the church). Above it in the also original crack there is a figure of Saint Sebastian (also a copy). The four sculptures thus repeat the saints depicted on the outside of the wings. The painted predella (base area) shows the twelve apostles. In terms of style, the panels show influences from Albrecht Dürer , Lucas Cranach and the Danube School . Curtius says: “The high altar of the Sankt Oswald chapel in Steig im Höllental is the only preserved late Gothic convertible altar with painted panels in the Black Forest. It is one of the most important testimonies of the Upper Rhine school of the early sixteenth century remaining in the region. "

literature

  • Helmuth Schubert (ed.): St. Oswald im Höllental. Festschrift for the 850th anniversary of the chapel . Stadler, Konstanz 1998, ISBN 3-7977-0397-X .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Ekkehard Liehl: St. Oswald in Höllental and the establishment of the Hinterzarten parish in the 18th century. In: Alemannisches Jahrbuch 1957 , pp. 273–296.
  2. ↑ Bernhard Mangei: domination formation of monarchy, church and nobility between the Upper Rhine and the Black Forest. Dissertation, Freiburg 2003, p. 191.
  3. ^ Heinrich Graf: Aspects of the history of the St. Oswald chapel in modern times. In: Helmuth Schubert (Ed.): St. Oswald im Höllental. Festschrift for the 850th anniversary of the chapel. Stadler, Konstanz 1998, ISBN 3-7977-0397-X , pp. 149-194.
  4. ↑ Dieter Maurer: Breitnau: Filling the Old Church with Life , Badische Zeitung, June 30, 2012, accessed on June 30, 2012
  5. ^ Josef Laule: On the building history of St. Oswald. In: Helmuth Schubert (Ed.): St. Oswald im Höllental. Festschrift for the 850th anniversary of the chapel. Stadler, Konstanz 1998, ISBN 3-7977-0397-X , pp. 127-148.
  6. ↑ Manfred Hermann: The sculptors Hauser in Kirchzarten, Schlettstadt and Freiburg / Br. 1611-1842. In: Badische Heimat 52, 1972 pp. 1–151; here p. 4.
  7. ^ Andreas Curtius: The Oswald Altar in Höllental - an unrecognized work of the Baldung workshop. In: Helmuth Schubert (Ed.): St. Oswald im Höllental. Festschrift for the 850th anniversary of the chapel. Stadler, Konstanz 1998, ISBN 3-7977-0397-X , pp. 26-80.

Web links

Commons : Sankt Oswald im Höllental  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 47 ° 55 ′ 3 ″  N , 8 ° 4 ′ 9 ″  E