Danube School

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Crucifixion of Christ
by Albrecht Altdorfer

Danube School or Danube Style is the name given to a group of painters from the first third of the 16th century who were active in Bavaria and in the northern part of Austria (i.e. along the Danube ). The term school is misleading because the majority of the artists it counts never had a teacher-student relationship with one another. Rather, they were grouped under this collective term based on their common stylistic features. The Danube School is usually considered to be the link between the late Gothic and the Renaissance .

Concept history

The term Danube style was first used and defined in 1892 by Theodor von Frimmel in his review of the dissertation of the Berlin art historian Max J. Friedländer on Albrecht Altdorfer . He saw in the painting of the Danube region a difference to the art of the rest of Germany and understood Albrecht Altdorfer as its main representative. In the years and decades that followed, the term was repeatedly adopted without reflection, although Max Jakob Friedländer criticized the inaccuracy of the term in 1922 and called for a clearer definition of the style.

Representative

Albrecht Altdorfer and Wolf Huber are usually considered to be the main representatives . Further representatives are, for example, Hans Pruckendorfer, Rueland Frueauf the Younger , the early Lucas Cranach the Elder , Jörg Breu the Elder , Erhard Altdorfer , Michael Ostendorfer , Georg Lemberger , the Historia Master , the Master of Mühldorf , the Master of Miracles from Mariazell , the master of the Pulkauer Altar and Nikolaus Kirberger. In the field of carving z. B. Augustin Hirschvogel , in that close to the graphic master IP of the Danube School.

In addition to Regensburg and Passau, she also worked in Vienna and some Austrian monasteries such as Melk and Sankt Florian .

features

A new, previously unknown perception of nature is characteristic of the Danube School. The nature gets in her paintings an independent rank - by Wolf Huber of the Alps are the first studies of nature without human figures known north. For the first time in Central Europe, the event is also embedded in a landscape that is often symbolically highlighted. The landscape is often given a symbolic content that underlines the main theme of the picture; For example, if a crucifixion is depicted, the sky is often covered with dark clouds, which make the entire picture appear gloomy.

This poetic and symbolic exaggeration of the landscape corresponds to stylistic devices that more recent observers have often reminded of Expressionism . Concepts such as symbolic landscape , true to nature landscape , sympathetic landscape or atmospheric landscape are coined by art historians such as Keneth Clark or Götz Pochat .

Selection of works

literature

  • Otto Wutzel : The Art of the Danube School (1490 to 1540). Exhibition by the State of Upper Austria in the St. Florian Monastery and in the Schlossmuseum Linz, May 14 to October 17, 1965, catalog, 1st to 3rd edition 1965 XXIII S, 16 plates, 295 S, 60 pages of images, Linz 1965

Web links

Commons : Donauschule  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Theodor von Frimmel: Review of Max J. Friedländer: Albrecht Altdorfer, the painter from Regensburg, Phil. Diss. Leipzig 1891 . In: Repertorium für Kunstwissenschaft 15, 1892, pp. 417–421.
  2. ↑ Margit Stadlober: The forest in painting and the graphics of the Danube style, Vienna, Böhlau 2006, pp. 13-18.