Max J. Friedländer

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Max J. Friedländer (1913)

Max Jacob Friedländer (born June 5, 1867 in Berlin , † October 11, 1958 in Amsterdam ) was a German - Dutch art historian .

Life

Max J. Friedländer was a son of the Berlin banker Leopold Friedländer (1832-1896) and his wife Helene, b. Noether. As he himself said, the proximity to the museums shaped his childhood:

"I was born in Berlin two hundred meters from the museum and twice stayed at school because I spent too much time in the picture gallery."

He attended the Friedrich-Werdersche Gymnasium in Berlin and studied art history and classical archeology in Munich from the winter semester 1887/88, and in Leipzig from the summer semester 1888 . In the winter semester of 1888/89 he spent in Florence, where he dealt with Italian art under August Schmarsow's direction, and in the summer of 1890 in Munich to study the museums there. In February 1891 he received his doctorate in Leipzig with Anton Springer with a dissertation on Albrecht Altdorfer .

Friedländer began as a scientific volunteer for a year with Friedrich Lippmann at the Kupferstichkabinett in Berlin, where he probably met Wilhelm von Bode . He stayed for another year out of interest before he started working as Ludwig Scheibler's assistant in the graphic collection of the Wallraf-Richartz Museum in Cologne from 1894 .

On his return to Berlin he was employed at the Berlin Gemäldegalerie from 1896 to 1933 , from 1924 as its first director. From 1908 to 1930 he was also director of the Kupferstichkabinett . In 1933 he was released as a "non-Aryan".

Honorary grave of Max J. Friedländer in the Heerstrasse cemetery in Berlin-Westend

In 1939 he emigrated to the Netherlands because of the increasing harassment as a Jew . After the occupation of the Netherlands in 1940 , Friedländer, as a Jew who had fled Germany, was actually in great danger of being deported to an extermination camp in the east. On the other hand, Friedländer was a sought-after appraiser by the occupying forces, as he was valued by the National Socialists as a connoisseur of old Dutch painting of the 15th and 16th centuries. Above all, Hermann Goering , who was particularly fond of this painting, often made use of its expertise. He therefore protected Friedländer from the persecution of Jews that soon began in the Netherlands and thus saved him from arrest, deportation and subsequent murder.

Friedländer was naturalized as a Dutchman in 1954 .

Max J. Friedländer died in Amsterdam in 1958 at the age of 91. He was buried in the inherited funeral of the Oppenheimer-Friedländer family in the state-owned cemetery in Heerstraße in Berlin's Charlottenburg district in what is now Westend . By resolution of the Berlin Senate , the last resting place of Max J. Friedländer (grave location: Erb. 2-D) has been dedicated as an honorary grave of the State of Berlin since 2001 . The dedication is valid for the usual period of twenty years, but can then be extended.

honors and awards

Max J. Friedländer Prize

Since 2014, the Berlin Kupferstichkabinett has been awarding the Max J. Friedländer Prize in collaboration with the patron and art collector Christoph Müller . In 2014 the award went to the writer Simon Elson for his biography Der Kunstkenner Max J. Friedländer, and in 2016 the award went to the writer and art dealer Florian Illies .

Publications (selection)

  • Albrecht Altdorfer. The painter from Regensburg . Seemann, Leipzig 1891 (dissertation, digitized version ).
  • Masterpieces of Dutch painting of the 15th and 16th centuries. 1903.
  • (Ed.): Des Dodes Dantz, Lübeck 1489. ( Graphic Society. 12.) Berlin 1910.
  • The Antwerp Mannerists from 1520. In: Yearbook of the royal Prussian art collections 36, 1915, pp. 65–91.
  • From Eyck to Bruegel . Julius Bard, Berlin 1916.
  • The woodcut. Reimer, Berlin 1917, 4th edition Berlin 1970.
  • The art connoisseur. Cassirer, Berlin 1919.
  • Albrecht Dürer. Insel Verlag, Berlin 1921.
  • The Dutch Mannerists ( Library of Art History . 3rd). Seemann, Leipzig 1921.
  • The old Dutch painting. 14 volumes. Sijthoff, Leiden / Netherlands 1924–1937
  • Real and fake: From the experience of the art connoisseur. Cassirer, Berlin 1929.
  • From the limits of art history. Stols, Den Haag 1942. Illegal publication in private print in the Netherlands.
  • On art and connoisseurship. Translation by Tancred Borenius. Cassirer, London 1942.
  • Of art and connoisseurship. Oprecht, Zurich 1946.
  • Essays on landscape painting and other genres. Stols, The Hague 1947.

literature

  • Leo Blumenreich: Directory of Max J. Friedländer's writings . Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1927.
  • Jakob Rosenberg : Friedländer and the Berlin museums. In: Max J. Friedländer ter ere van zijn negentigste verjaardag. Amsterdam 1957, pp. 19-26.
  • Friedrich Winkler : Max J. Friedländer. 5.6.1867 - 11.10.1958. In: Yearbook of the Berlin Museums 1, 1959, pp. 161–167.
  • Friedrich Winkler:  Friedländer, Max. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 5, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1961, ISBN 3-428-00186-9 , p. 455 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Vitale Bloch: Max J. Friedländer (1867–1967). In: The Burlington Magazine 109, 1967, pp. 359-360.
  • Günter Busch : Friedländer's language. In: ders., Reference to art. Essays and speeches . Hauswedell, Hamburg 1977, pp. 224-228.
  • Günter Busch: A German art historian: Max J. Friedländer. In: Max J. Friedländer, From van Eyck to Breughel. New edition Frankfurt a. M. 1986, pp. 7-16.
  • Irene Geismeier: The art researcher has “several instruments”. In: Deutsche Denker 10, 1998, pp. 45–51.
  • Ulrike Wendland: Biographical handbook of German-speaking art historians in exile. Life and work of the scientists persecuted and expelled under National Socialism. Part 1: A – K. Saur, Munich 1999, ISBN 3-598-11339-0 , pp. 163-177.
  • Till-Holger Borchert: From intuition to intellect. Max J. Friedländer and the verbalization of connoisseurship. In: Jaarboek Koninklijk Museum voor Schone Kunsten Antwerp 2004/05, pp. 9–18.
  • Dagmar Korbacher: The connoisseur in the museum. Max J. Friedländer (1867-1958). Exhibition catalog Kupferstichkabinett Staatliche Museen zu Berlin. Berlin 2008. ISBN 978-3-88609-632-9
  • Simon Elson: The art connoisseur Max J. Friedländer. Biographical sketches . With an afterword by Florian Illies . (Art History Library, 7.) König, Cologne 2015. ISBN 978-3-86335-865-5

Web links

Commons : Max J. Friedländer  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Hans Naef: Visit to Max J. Friedländer. In: Du 15, 1955, pp. 20–29, here p. 21.
  2. ↑ Ulrike Wendland: Biographical Handbook of German-Speaking Art Historians in Exile. Life and work of the scientists persecuted and expelled under National Socialism. Munich 1999, p. 162.
  3. ↑ Lynn H. Nicholas: The Robbery of Europe. The fate of European works of art in the Third Reich. Munich 1995, pp. 138-139; Hanns Christian Löhr: The Iron Collector. The Hermann Göring Collection - Art and Corruption in the Third Reich. Berlin 2009, p. 106, 136.
  4. ^ Hans-Jürgen Mende : Lexicon of Berlin burial places . Pharus-Plan, Berlin 2018, ISBN 978-3-86514-206-1 . P. 486.
  5. ↑ Senate Department for the Environment, Transport and Climate Protection: Honorary Graves of the State of Berlin (as of November 2018) (PDF, 413 kB), p. 22. Accessed on November 9, 2019. Submission - for information - on the recognition and further preservation of graves Well-known and deserving personalities as honorary graves in Berlin (PDF, 158 kB). Berlin House of Representatives, printed matter 14/1607 of November 1, 2001, pp. 1–2. Accessed November 9, 2019).
  6. ^ National Museums in Berlin: National Museums in Berlin. In: www.smb.museum. Retrieved September 27, 2016 .
  7. ↑ reviewed Jan Kedves for frieze ( Framed! In: . Frieze.com Accessed on September 29, 2016 . ), Florian Felix Weyh for Germany radio ( biography of Max J. Friedlander A life for art.. Accessed on 29. September 2016 . ), Sebastian Preuss on the world art 120/2016, p 56-57 and by Bernhard Schulz for the Tagesspiegel ( the art connoisseur with absolute view . ( tagesspiegel.de [retrieved on February 6, 2017]). ).
  8. ↑ 3sat.online: Friedländer Prize for author Florian Illies - Kulturzeit-News from Wednesday, June 8, 2016. In: www.3sat.de. Retrieved September 27, 2016 .
personal data
SURNAME Friedländer, Max J.
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Friedländer, Max Jacob
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German art historian
DATE OF BIRTH June 5, 1867
PLACE OF BIRTH Berlin
DATE OF DEATH October 11, 1958
Place of death Amsterdam